scholarly journals Emerging Developmental Pathways to ADHD: Possible Path Markers in Early Infancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. Auerbach ◽  
Naama Atzaba-Poria ◽  
Andrea Berger ◽  
Rivka Landau
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Block Play ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anger Reactivity

Sixty-six male infants participating in the Ben-Gurion Infant Development Study of familial risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)were assessed at 7 months of age using observational and mother report measures. Risk for ADHD was based on ADHD symptoms in the father. Infants whose fathers had seven or more symptoms formed the ADHD risk group; infants whose fathers had three or less symptoms formed the comparison group. The ADHD risk group significantly differed from the comparison group on measures of interest, anger, and activity level and showed less interest in block play and more anger reactivity but less directed anger in a barrier task. According to mother report, the ADHD risk group had higher levels of activity than the comparison group. Measures of neonatal immaturity and activity were related to behavior at 7 months. The findings suggest that possible developmental pathways to ADHD may be emerging in early infancy.

scholarly journals Shared and distinct developmental pathways to ASD and ADHD phenotypes among infants at familial risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1334
Author(s):  
Meghan Miller ◽  
Shane Austin ◽  
Ana-Maria Iosif ◽  
Leiana de la Paz ◽  
Annie Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Early Markers

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are believed to share partially overlapping causal mechanisms suggesting that early risk markers may also overlap. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) in a sample of infants enriched for ASD and ADHD, we first examined the number of distinct groups of 3-year-old children, based on ADHD and ASD symptomatology. To investigate early predictors of ASD and ADHD symptom profiles, we next examined differences in trajectories of infant behaviors among the LPA classes spanning general development, negative affect, attention, activity level, impulsivity, and social behavior. Participants included 166 infants at familial risk for ASD (n = 89), ADHD (n = 38), or low-risk for both (n = 39) evaluated at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. A three-class solution was selected reflecting a Typically Developing (TD) class (low symptoms; n = 108), an ADHD class (high ADHD/low ASD symptoms; n = 39), and an ASD class (high ASD/ADHD symptoms; n = 19). Trajectories of infant behaviors were generally suggestive of a gradient pattern of differences, with the greatest impairment within the ASD class followed by the ADHD class. These findings indicate a mixture of overlapping and distinct early markers of preschool ASD- and ADHD-like profiles that can be difficult to disentangle early in life.

scholarly journals Research of genetic predisposition to gestosis: polymorphism of genes, participating in vasoregulation of functions endothelium

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Yelena V. Mozgovaya
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Pai 1

The polymorphism of the genes involved in the regulation of endothelial function - PLAT, PAI-1, ACE, eNOS and TNF- - was studied in 122 pregnant women with pure and concomitant preeclampsia of varying severity and in 73 healthy puerperas. It was revealed that mutant genotypes of the studied genes are associated with more pronounced clinical and laboratory indicators of the severity of preeclampsia and the greatest increase in the level of markers of endothelial dysfunction. It is noted that the frequency of mutant genes and alleles varies depending on the severity of preeclampsia and the presence of background diseases characterized by the presence of endothelial dysfunction. The data obtained confirm the opinion that gestosis is a multifactorial disease with several, possibly independent, developmental pathways. The study of the polymorphism of genes regulating endothelial function contributes to the early identification of a risk group for the development of preeclampsia.

625 The association between circadian rhythms and psychosocial functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A245-A245
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Ka Sin Caroline Shea ◽  
Lok Fan Lau ◽  
Ching Kwong Dino Wong ◽  
Waiyan Vivian Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Rest Activity

Abstract Introduction Circadian rhythm disturbances, including delayed circadian rhythm and increased motor activity, are commonly seen in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous research suggested a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and poor psychosocial functioning in children, but such a relationship has not been examined in children with ADHD. This study aimed at examining the association between circadian-related parameters and psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Methods Seventy-nine children with ADHD were recruited into this study (age range: 6–12 years, 75.9% male). They were assessed by parent-report questionnaires on sleep problems (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ), ADHD symptoms (Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Scale, SWAN), and psychosocial functioning (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). Actigraphic data collected for seven consecutive days were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The relationship between circadian parameters and psychosocial functioning was analyzed using multiple regression while controlling for age, sex, ADHD medication, total sleep time, and CSHQ total score. Results Later acrophase was significantly associated with higher scores on SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.30, p = 0.03) and SWAN inattention subscale (St. β = 0.27, p = 0.043). Lower relative amplitude was associated with higher scores on SDQ hyperactivity symptoms (St. β = -0.29, p = 0.045) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = -0.31, p = 0.036). Higher levels of mean activity level during the least active 5-h period (L5) were related to higher scores on SDQ peer problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.021), SDQ internalizing problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.020) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = 0.33, p = 0.036). Later onset of L5 was associated with increased SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.26, p = 0.046). Conclusion Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances (delayed phase, blunted rest-activity rhythms, higher level of nocturnal activity, and later onset of nocturnal rest) were associated with poor psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of circadian disruption on psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund (Project No.: 30160604).

scholarly journals Deleterious Germline Mutations Are a Risk Factor for Neoplastic Progression Among High-Risk Individuals Undergoing Pancreatic Surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 1070-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Abe ◽  
Amanda L. Blackford ◽  
Koji Tamura ◽  
Madeline Ford ◽  
Patrick McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Germline Mutation ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Neoplastic Progression ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility Gene

PURPOSE To compare the risk of neoplastic progression by germline mutation status versus family history without a known germline mutation (familial risk) among individuals with an increased risk for pancreatic cancer who are undergoing surveillance. METHODS Of 464 high-risk individuals in the Cancer of the Pancreas Screening program at Johns Hopkins Hospital who were undergoing pancreatic surveillance, 119 had a known deleterious germline mutation in a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene; 345 met family history criteria for pancreatic surveillance but were not known to harbor a germline mutation. We used next-generation sequencing to identify previously unrecognized germline mutations among these 345 individuals. We compared the development of pancreatic cancer, high-grade dysplasia, or clinically worrisome features, adjusting for competing mortality, among all germline mutation carriers with the risk of progression in a cohort without a known germline mutation. RESULTS Fifteen (4.3%) of 345 individuals classified as having familial risk had a previously unrecognized pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene mutation (nine that involved ATM, two BRCA2, one BRCA1, one PALB2, one TP53, and one CPA1). The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer, high-grade dysplasia, or worrisome features on pancreatic imaging was significantly higher in the germline mutation risk group (n = 134) than in the familial risk group (n = 330 [for pancreatic cancer, hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.0 to 8.18; P = .05]). CONCLUSION The cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer is significantly higher among individuals with an identifiable deleterious germline mutation in a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene than it is among individuals with a strong family history but no identified mutation. Gene testing of individuals who meet criteria for pancreatic surveillance on the basis of their family history may better define those most at risk for neoplastic progression.

scholarly journals Investigating gender-specific effects of familial risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders in the Swedish population

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Martin ◽  
Laura Ghirardi ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
Mina A. Rosenqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Genetic Risks ◽  
Gender Specific

Background Many psychiatric disorders show gender differences in prevalence. Recent studies suggest that female patients diagnosed with anxiety and depression carry more genetic risks related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with affected males. Aims In this register-based study, we aimed to test whether female patients who received clinical diagnoses of anxiety, depressive, bipolar and eating disorders are at higher familial risk for ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders, compared with diagnosed male patients. Method We analysed data from a record-linkage of several Swedish national registers, including 151 025 sibling pairs from 103 941 unique index individuals diagnosed with anxiety, depressive, bipolar or eating disorders, as well as data from 646 948 cousin pairs. We compared the likelihood of having a relative diagnosed with ADHD/neurodevelopmental disorders in index males and females. Results Female patients with anxiety disorders were more likely than affected males to have a brother with ADHD (odd ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.22). Results for broader neurodevelopmental disorders were similar and were driven by ADHD diagnoses. Follow-up analyses revealed similar point estimates for several categories of anxiety disorders, with the strongest effect observed for agoraphobia (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.12–2.39). No significant associations were found in individuals with depressive, bipolar or eating disorders, or in cousins. Conclusions These results provide modest support for the possibility that familial/genetic risks for ADHD may show gender-specific phenotypic expression. Alternatively, there could be gender-specific biases in diagnoses of anxiety and ADHD. These factors could play a small role in the observed gender differences in prevalence of ADHD and anxiety.

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