scholarly journals Energy Efficient Multiprocessing Solo Mining Algorithms for Public Blockchain Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Raza ◽  
Irfan ul Haq ◽  
Muhammad Muneeb ◽  
Omair Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Verification Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Mining Algorithms ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Blockchain as a decentralized distributed ledger is revolutionizing the world with a secure design data storage mechanism. In the case of Bitcoin, mining involves a process of packing transactions in a block by calculating a random number termed as a nonce. The nonce calculation is done by special nodes called miners, and all the miners follow the Proof of Work (PoW) mining mechanism to perform the mining task. The transaction verification time in PoW-based blockchain systems, i.e., Bitcoin, is much slower than other digital transaction systems such as PayPal. It needs to be quicker if a system adapts PoW-based blockchain solutions, where there are thousands of transactions being computed at a time. Besides this, PoW mining also consumes a lot of energy to calculate the nonce of a block. Mining pools resulting into aggregated hashpower have been a popular solution to speed up the PoW mining, but they can be attacked by using different types of attacks. Parallel computing can be used to speed up the solo mining methods by utilizing the multiple processes of the contributing processors. In this research, we analyze various consensus mechanisms and see that the PoW-based blockchain systems have the limitations of low transaction confirmation time and high energy consumption. We also analyze various types of consensus layer attacks and their effects on miners and mining pools. To tackle these issues, we propose parallel PoW nonce calculation methods to accelerate the transaction verification process especially in solo mining. We have tested our techniques on different difficulty levels, and our proposed techniques yield better results than the traditional nonce computation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Accelerate the Aging of Polymer as Energy-Saving Method Prior to the Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Further Development ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Pyrolysis technology has appeared a long time ago, but it has not been widely recognized and used in the area of waste plastic/rubber management. The key reason is that the high energy consumption of pyrolysis is the most important problem that plagues the further development of pyrolysis. Prior to the pyrolysis of waste plastics/rubbers, in addition to dehydration and drying can save part of the energy consumption of pyrolysis, in this study, we have first reviewed and discussed high irradiance exposure to artificially accelerate the aging process of waste plastics/rubbers as pretreatment. The results from our preliminary experiments show that the pyrolysis process of the plastic that has undergone UV accelerated aging was speed up, accordingly to achieve saving energy in thermal cracking.

A Novel and Efficient Method for Digital Printing

2013 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 668-671
Author(s):  
Wen Ge Ji ◽  
Hua Wu ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
Mei Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Parallel Interface ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
Printing Machine ◽  
Multi Core Processor

We propose a method for digital printing which is novel and efficient. Digital printing is a technical breakthrough in the field of traditional printing and dyeing industry, which is also an effective solution to solve the three high problem, namely, high energy consumption, high noise, high pollution, in the traditional printing and dyeing industry. However, the widely used methods in printing and dyeing system have some deficiencies, such as the low performance of the PC processor and the limitation of transferring data by parallel interface. The proposed method takes advantage of multi-core processor, DMA and RAID technology. Multi-core processor can speed up the processing of the print command and the print images, while DMA technology can minimize the intervention of the CPU to input/output operations which makes the CPU more effective to process the images. Furthermore, the use of RAID technology can improve the access speed of the hard disk which leading to the efficiency improvement of the entire computer system. As we can see that the combination of those three technologies can greatly improve the efficiency of digital printing machine, thus speeding up the popularity of digital printing.

scholarly journals Lasing at the nanoscale: coherent emission of surface plasmons by an electrically driven nanolaser

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3965-3975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Yu. Fedyanin ◽  
Alexey V. Krasavin ◽  
Aleksey V. Arsenin ◽  
Anatoly V. Zayats
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polariton ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
Plasmon Polariton

AbstractPlasmonics offers a unique opportunity to break the diffraction limit of light and bring photonic devices to the nanoscale. As the most prominent example, an integrated nanolaser is a key to truly nanoscale photonic circuits required for optical communication, sensing applications and high-density data storage. Here, we develop a concept of an electrically driven subwavelength surface-plasmon-polariton nanolaser, which is based on a novel amplification scheme, with all linear dimensions smaller than the operational free-space wavelength λ and a mode volume of under λ3/30. The proposed pumping approach is based on a double-heterostructure tunneling Schottky barrier diode and gives the possibility to reduce the physical size of the device and ensure in-plane emission so that the nanolaser output can be naturally coupled to a plasmonic or nanophotonic waveguide circuitry. With the high energy efficiency (8% at 300 K and 37% at 150 K), the output power of up to 100 μW and the ability to operate at room temperature, the proposed surface plasmon polariton nanolaser opens up new avenues in diverse application areas, ranging from ultrawideband optical communication on a chip to low-power nonlinear photonics, coherent nanospectroscopy, and single-molecule biosensing.

scholarly journals Nanoscale optical writing through upconversion resonance energy transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. eabe2209
Author(s):  
S. Lamon ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
M. Gu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles

Nanoscale optical writing using far-field super-resolution methods provides an unprecedented approach for high-capacity data storage. However, current nanoscale optical writing methods typically rely on photoinitiation and photoinhibition with high beam intensity, high energy consumption, and short device life span. We demonstrate a simple and broadly applicable method based on resonance energy transfer from lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles to graphene oxide for nanoscale optical writing. The transfer of high-energy quanta from upconversion nanoparticles induces a localized chemical reduction in graphene oxide flakes for optical writing, with a lateral feature size of ~50 nm (1/20th of the wavelength) under an inhibition intensity of 11.25 MW cm−2. Upconversion resonance energy transfer may enable next-generation optical data storage with high capacity and low energy consumption, while offering a powerful tool for energy-efficient nanofabrication of flexible electronic devices.

Oxygen Supply Method Using Gas-Permeable Film for Wastewater Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
S. Miyahara ◽  
K. Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
N Removal ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Gas-permeable film can separate air and water, and at the same time, let oxygen diffuse from the air to the water through the film. An oxygen supply method using this film was investigated for the purpose of reducing energy consumption for wastewater treatment. The oxygen transfer rate was measured for the cases with or without biofilm, which proved the high rate of oxygen transfer in the case with nitrifying biofilm which performed nitrification. When the Gas-permeable film with nitrifying biofilm was applied to the treatment of wastewater, denitrifying biofilm formed on the nitrifying biofilm, and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred, resulting in the high rate of organic matter and T-N removal (7 gTOC/m2/d and 4 gT-N/m2/d, respectively). However, periodic sloughing of the denitrifying biofilm was needed to keep the oxygen transfer rate high. Energy consumption of the process using the film in the form of tubes was estimated to be less than 40% of that of the activated sludge process.

scholarly journals Influence of Adding Encapsulated Phase Change Materials in Aerial Lime Based Mortars

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Cunha ◽  
José Barroso Aguiar ◽  
Victor Ferreira ◽  
António Tadeu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Increasingly in a society with a high growth rate and standards of comfort, the need to minimize the currently high energy consumption by taking advantage of renewable energy sources arises. The mortars with incorporation of phase change materials (PCM) have the ability to regulate the temperature inside buildings, contributing for an increase in the level of thermal comfort and reduction of the use of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, using only the energy supplied by the sun. However, the incorporation of PCM in mortars modifies some of its characteristics. Therefore, the main objective of this study was the characterization of mortars doped with two different phase change materials. Specific properties of different PCM, such as particle size, shape and enthalpy were studied, as well as the properties of the fresh and hardened state of these mortars. Nine different compositions were developed which were initially doped with microcapsules of PCM A and subsequently doped with microcapsules of PCM B. It was possible to observe that the incorporation of phase change materials in mortars causes differences in properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and shrinkage. After the study of the behaviour of these mortars with the incorporation of two different phase change materials, it was possible to select the composition with a better compromise between its aesthetic appearance, physical and mechanical characteristics.

Dehydration and Upgrading of Lignite with Microwave

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wen Xin ◽  
Zhi Qiang Xu ◽  
Ya Nan Tu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Xiang Yu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Moisture Migration ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Microwave System ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Eastern Inner Mongolia ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
Unique Mechanism

For solving the problems of high energy consumption and high capacity of water-absorption, microwave dehydration technology of lignite was studied in this paper. A self-developed microwave system was used for the experiment on dehydration of lignite from eastern Inner Mongolia. It was proved that the condition of moisture migration was improved and microwave dehydration had a unique mechanism. By analyzing the effects of microwave powers, coal particle sizes, and lignite qualities on drying characteristics, it was found that the moisture decreased when the microwave power increased. it was found that the higher the power was, the faster the moisture decreased; the smaller the particle size was, the faster the moisture decreased; the less the lignite was, the faster the moisture decreased. Through the scanning electron microscope analysis, it was concluded that microwave had no significant effect on the smooth particles, and the fibrous particles and clusters particles tended to be smooth under the effect of microwave. Therefore, the interface of lignite was relatively stable, and not easy to reabsorb water after microwave.

The Application of LIFEHOPE Military Fire Blanket for Energy-Saving of Glass Furnace

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 483-485
Author(s):  
Chen Rong ◽  
David Chan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Glass Furnace ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Material ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Heat Preservation ◽  
High Energy Consumption

This paper introduce the basic characteristics of LIFEHOPE Military Fire Blanket, as for independent intellectual property rights new material, we use it is heat insulation, heat preservation to save energy for glass furnace etc. Meanwhile we will explain and put forward the meaning of application of LIFEHOPE military fire Blanket for high energy consumption and heavy pollution industry and enterprise.

scholarly journals Polymer–Lipid Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers: Innovations by New Formulations and Production Technologies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bochicchio ◽  
Gaetano Lamberti ◽  
Anna Angela Barba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
Modern Technologies

Some issues in pharmaceutical therapies such as instability, poor membrane permeability, and bioavailability of drugs can be solved by the design of suitable delivery systems based on the combination of two pillar classes of ingredients: polymers and lipids. At the same time, modern technologies are required to overcome production limitations (low productivity, high energy consumption, expensive setup, long process times) to pass at the industrial level. In this paper, a summary of applications of polymeric and lipid materials combined as nanostructures (hybrid nanocarriers) is reported. Then, recent techniques adopted in the production of hybrid nanoparticles are discussed, highlighting limitations still present that hold back the industrial implementation.

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