scholarly journals A Simulation-Based Comprehensive Analysis for Traffic Efficiency and Spatial Distribution of Risks in Short Weaving Area of Municipal Interchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Zhenzhong Ding ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Yongjie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Risk Distribution ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
The Impact

The weaving area is an important junction that affects the efficiency and traffic safety at the municipal interchanges. To explore the factors affecting traffic efficiency and the spatial distribution characteristics of traffic risks in the weaving areas of municipal interchanges, this study employed a microscopic traffic software of Vissim to construct a simulation model of weaving areas and evaluate the impact of road and traffic design parameters in the short weaving on traffic efficiency and risks, which includes ramp delay, mainline through lane (TL) traffic delay, average ramp speed, TL average speed, and collision rate. Through variance analysis via a large number of simulation scenarios, the weaving length is identified as the most important factor affecting traffic efficiency and risks in the short weaving area. Subsequently, three different types of weaving lengths with 350 m, 450 m, and 550 m were set to conduct the sensitivity analysis based on four performance indexes of mean acceleration and deceleration, acceleration range, deceleration range, and speed standard deviation as the representative variables of spatial risk distribution. The simulation results illustrate that a shorter weaving length has a significant influence on risk distribution, especially the highest risk probability at the positions after three-quarters of the inner and outer lanes in the short weaving area at the municipal interchange. Finally, this study verified the traffic risk reduction method of having traffic safety facilities and traffic organization at the complex interchange with double-entry and single-exit weaving areas in the city of Guangzhou, China. The research proposed a method to analyze the influence of the design parameters in the short weaving area on traffic efficiency and safety and provided a reference for the risk spatial distribution analysis and improvement in the short weaving area.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Impacting Paths of Left-Turning Vehicles from Minor Road Approach at Unsignalized Intersections

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Yuli Qi ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Minor Road ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Probability Prediction

At unsignalized intersections, left-turning vehicles from minor road approach are more likely to be involved in traffic conflicts and traffic crashes and are one of the most leading factors impacting traffic efficiency and capacity. The authors of the paper observed that some drivers behaved illegally and dangerously while performing left turns from minor road approach, resulting in abnormal trajectories at unsignalized intersections. By applying binary logistic analysis, a probability prediction model was developed to explore various factors affecting probability of normal path taken by drivers while turning left from minor road approach. Based upon the model, measures such as lowering running speeds of vehicles on major road or minor road and adding more lanes on minor road can be used to encourage more drivers to take normal vehicle paths, which is helpful for the improvement of traffic safety, efficiency, and capacity. Results of the paper can be used for the guidance of design and management of unsignalized intersections.

scholarly journals Permeability and Surface Hardness Surveying of Stone Damaged by Ballistic Impact

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1369-1389
Author(s):  
Oscar Gilbert ◽  
Lisa Mol ◽  
Oliver Campbell ◽  
Thomas Blenkinsop
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Impact Crater ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Fracture Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

Recent instances of the destruction of cultural assets in conflict zones have demonstrated the need to develop methods which will allow for the assessment of damage to heritage stone in the field. In particular, non-destructive methods would be invaluable when working on sites damaged by contemporary ballistics. Permeability (TinyPerm 3) and surface hardness (Equotip) surveys of stone damaged by 7.62 × 39 mm (AK-47) projectiles were undertaken to determine the ability of these methods to identify the spatial distribution of damage patterns such as shear faces and surface fractures. Results demonstrate the ability of surface hardness surveys to distinguish between non-impacted surfaces of the target stone and surfaces which shattered/sheared upon impact. Whilst spatial distribution analysis (“heat mapping”) of Equotip data did not correlate directly with surface fractures, permeability data heat maps were found to be indicative of surface fracture distribution. The data suggests that compaction of the stone matrix at the impact crater results in a lesser reduction of hardness in this area relative to the wider damaged surface. Surveys of impacted stone using the methods outlined here can identify damage patterns that are not visible to the naked eye, thus aiding in damage identification on fragile sites.

scholarly journals Traffic conditions and their impact on the functional state of the bus driver

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Taras Postranskyy ◽  
Maksym Afonin ◽  
Dmytrii Kosynkin
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Bus Driver ◽  
The Impact

Problem. The study of the human factor in transport systems is increasingly important, given the rapid level of motorization and the development of the transport industry in general. Accordingly, there is a task of ensuring the appropriate traffic safety level. Today, in this area, are usually taken into account the road conditions and the road`s design parameters, but often miss the role of the "human factor". At the same time, with the development of methodologies and technical items, these issues are partly researched and solved. Thus, during considering issues related to traffic safety, it is necessary to pay attention to the drivers` functional state (FS) and psychophysiological qualities, their reliability, factors of negative impact on their body, etc. Goal. The research aims to establish how the bus driver`s FS changes under the influence of various traffic conditions` factors. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the paper, which are necessary to solve the goal, are based on theoretical and practical principles for determining the indicators of a human`s FS during professional activity, their regulatory values, allowable ranges of change, etc. Results. The obtained mathematical and graphical dependences take into account the change of transport process operator`s FS under the influence of such factors as the bus`s speed, the altitude of the highway and the duration of the driver work. The stress index (SI) is selected as the driver`s status indicator. It is established that its values range from 87 to 342 c.u. It was studied that the increase in speed leads to an increase in the driver's SI by about 35%. During the statistical data analysis, it was also found that the highest values of SI were observed on sections of roads at an altitude of 250 - 320 m and 420 - 500 m. At the same time, during the increase of the driver's work duration, the value of the SI increased by about 25% and could approach the value of 250 c.u. In accordance with the above, it can be argued that there is an influence of the driver`s driving conditions and work on his FS. Originality. The obtained regularities reflect the impact of drivers' working conditions on the value of their FS, which affects the probability of their accident-free operation and, as a result, traffic safety. Practical value. The obtained results allow the creation of recommendations for developing schedules of drivers` work and rest taking into account the traffic conditions on the route and the conditions of driver's work.

scholarly journals The use of simulator studies to assess the impact of ITS services on road users behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 02009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Pędzierska ◽  
Tomasz Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this publication is the use of top-of-the-range driving simulators to study the impact of ITS services on the road safety. The aim of the article is to describe the assumptions of simulation studies carried out as part of the RID 4D project and to present the method of building research scenarios. The article discusses the catalogue of ITS services of the greatest importance to the Road Traffic Safety and traffic efficiency developed under the project. Then, services from the catalogue were specified, which were tested on the driving simulator of the Motor Transport Institute. The tests included sections of a dual-lane expressway. As a result of the work, four scenarios were created containing various dangerous events and variable message boards informing drivers about the danger and/or limiting the permitted speed. During the simulation, a set of several dozen parameters related to vehicle motion was recorded, in particular the distance to the vehicle ahead, time to collision with another vehicle or object on the road, speed, intensity of braking and acceleration. The tests were performed for good and bad weather conditions on a 60-person study group. The division into age groups 18-24, 25-50 and above 50 years was applied. The research showed a difference in the way drivers of static signs and speed limits on the variable message signs affect drivers. For variable messages signs, there was a greater decrease in speed than in the case of static signs.

Impulse Turbine Injector Design Improvement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Benzon ◽  
A. Židonis ◽  
A. Panagiotopoulos ◽  
G. A. Aggidis ◽  
J. S. Anagnostopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Impulse Turbine ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Impact

This study utilizes two modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software packages (ansys®cfx® and ansys®fluent®) to analyze the basic geometric factors affecting the efficiency of a typical impulse turbine injector. A design of experiments (DOEs) study is used to look at the impact of four primary nozzle and spear design parameters on the injector losses over a range of inlet pressures. Improved injector designs for both solvers are suggested based on the results and comparisons are made. The results for both CFD tools suggest that steeper injector nozzle and spear angles than current literature describes will reduce the losses by up to 0.6%.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

Spatial Distribution Analysis of Attributes of Rock Joints Using Geomathematical Methods.

1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuaki KOIKE ◽  
Yoshifumi NOGUCHI ◽  
Hiroshi IWASAKI ◽  
Katsuhiko KANEKO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rock Joints ◽  
Distribution Analysis

Niche Sharing in Intertidal Mollusks and Decapods in Rocky Shore of Easter Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
P. De los Ríos ◽  
E. Ibáñez Arancibia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Easter Island ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Field Works

Abstract The coastal marine ecosystems in Easter Island have been poorly studied, and the main studies were isolated species records based on scientific expeditions. The aim of the present study is to apply a spatial distribution analysis and niche sharing null model in published data on intertidal marine gastropods and decapods in rocky shore in Easter Island based in field works in 2010, and published information from CIMAR cruiser in 2004. The field data revealed the presence of decapods Planes minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793), whereas it was observed the gastropods Nodilittorina pyramidalis pascua Rosewater, 1970 and Nerita morio (G. B. Sowerby I., 1833). The available information revealed the presence of more species in data collected in 2004 in comparison to data collected in 2010, with one species markedly dominant in comparison to the other species. The spatial distribution of species reported in field works revealed that P. minutus and N. morio have aggregated pattern and negative binomial distribution, L. variegatus had uniform pattern with binomial distribution, and finally N. pyramidalis pascua, in spite of aggregated distribution pattern, had not negative binomial distribution. Finally, the results of null model revealed that the species reported did not share ecological niche due to competition absence. The results would agree with other similar information about littoral and sub-littoral fauna for Easter Island.

Structural Model of Service Quality Factors Affecting Loyalty Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Al-erqi ◽  
◽  
Mohd Lizam Mohd Diah ◽  
Najmaddin Abo Mosali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This study seeks to address the impact of service quality affecting international student's satisfaction towards loyalty tothe Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM). The aim of thestudy is to develop relationship between service quality factor and loyalty to the university from the international students’ perspectives. The study adopted quantitative approach where data was collected through questionnaire survey and analysed statistically. A total of 246 responses were received and found to be valid. The model was developed and analysed using AMOS-SEM software. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) function of the software was to assessed the measurement models and found that all the models achieved goodness of fit. Then path analysis function was used to assessed structural model and found that service qualityfactors have a significant effect on the students’ satisfaction and thus affecting the loyaltyto the university. Hopefully the outcome form this study will benefit the university in providing services especially to the international students.

Influence of the ICCPR in Asia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Judicial Discourse ◽  
International Human ◽  
Golden Jubilee ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Impact

The golden jubilee of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) coincides with the emergence of Asia as a centre of global attention. However, greater attention to Asia has been accompanied by some scepticism over its attitude towards human rights. The chapter provides an overall assessment of the impact of the ICCPR on the major Asian States, with an analysis of the factors affecting such influence. The chapter considers the involvement in, observance of, and compliance with the provisions of the ICCPR by these States. It further delves into the academic and judicial discourse on the ICCPR within these States, recording the domestic disposition towards judgments of foreign courts, the output of the Human Rights Committee, and the work of other international human rights bodies. It makes suggestions for developing mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of the ICCPR and for creating databases to perform further research in the area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document