scholarly journals Ischemia-Modified Albumin: Origins and Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Alla Shevtsova ◽  
Iuliia Gordiienko ◽  
Viktoriia Tkachenko ◽  
Galyna Ushakova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Cobalt Binding ◽  
Generation Mechanisms

Albumin is one of the most abundant proteins in the body of mammals: about 40% of its pool is located in the intravascular space and the remainder is found in the interstitial space. The content of this multifunctional protein in blood is about 60-65% of total plasma proteins. A decrease in its synthesis or changes of functional activity can destabilize oncotic blood pressure, cause a violation of transporting hormones, fatty acids, metals, and drugs. Albumin properties change under ischemic attacks associated with oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species, and acidosis. Under these conditions, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is generated that has a reduced metal-binding capacity, especially for transition metals, such as copper, nickel, and cobalt. The method of determining the cobalt-binding capability of HSA was initially proposed to evaluate IMA level and then licensed as an ACB test for routine clinical analysis for myocardial ischemia. Subsequent studies have shown the viability of the ACB test in diagnosing other diseases associated with the development of oxidative stress. This review examines recent data on IMA generation mechanisms, describes principles, advantages, and limitations of methods for evaluation of IMA levels, and provides detailed analysis of its use in diagnostic and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in different diseases.

scholarly journals Critical Role of Zinc as Either an Antioxidant or a Prooxidant in Cellular Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ryul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Dual Action

Zinc is recognized as an essential trace metal required for human health; its deficiency is strongly associated with neuronal and immune system defects. Although zinc is a redox-inert metal, it functions as an antioxidant through the catalytic action of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, stabilization of membrane structure, protection of the protein sulfhydryl groups, and upregulation of the expression of metallothionein, which possesses a metal-binding capacity and also exhibits antioxidant functions. In addition, zinc suppresses anti-inflammatory responses that would otherwise augment oxidative stress. The actions of zinc are not straightforward owing to its numerous roles in biological systems. It has been shown that zinc deficiency and zinc excess cause cellular oxidative stress. To gain insights into the dual action of zinc, as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant, and the conditions under which each role is performed, the oxidative stresses that occur in zinc deficiency and zinc overload in conjunction with the intracellular regulation of free zinc are summarized. Additionally, the regulatory role of zinc in mitochondrial homeostasis and its impact on oxidative stress are briefly addressed.

scholarly journals PmtA Regulates Pyocyanin Expression and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy V. Thees ◽  
Kathryn M. Pietrosimone ◽  
Clare K. Melchiorre ◽  
Jeremiah N. Marden ◽  
Joerg Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Binding ◽  
The Impact

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a small molecular weight, cysteine-rich protein (PmtA), identified as a metallothionein (MT) protein family member. The MT family proteins have been well-characterized in eukaryotes as essential for zinc and copper homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, and the ability to modify a variety of immune activities. Bacterial MTs share sequence homology, antioxidant chemistry, and heavy metal-binding capacity with eukaryotic MTs, however, the impact of bacterial MTs on virulence and infection have not been well-studied. In the present study, we investigated the role of PmtA in P. aeruginosa PAO1 using a PmtA-deficient strain (ΔpmtA). Here we demonstrated the virulence factor, pyocyanin, relies on the expression of PmtA. We showed that PmtA may be protective against oxidative stress, as an alternative antioxidant, glutathione, can rescue pyocyanin expression. Furthermore, the expression of phzM, which encodes a pyocyanin precursor enzyme, was decreased in the ΔpmtA mutant during early stationary phase. Upregulated pmtA expression was previously detected in confluent biofilms, which are essential for chronic infection, and we observed that the ΔpmtA mutant was disrupted for biofilm formation. As biofilms also modulate antibiotic susceptibility, we examined the ΔpmtA mutant susceptibility to antibiotics and found that the ΔpmtA mutant is more susceptible to cefepime and ciprofloxacin than the wild-type strain. Finally, we observed that the deletion of pmtA results in decreased virulence in a waxworm model. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that PmtA is necessary for the full virulence of P. aeruginosa and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Serum ischemia-modified albumin levels in adolescent smokers

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Battal ◽  
Mustafa Tekin ◽  
Hakan Aylanç ◽  
Şule Yıldırım ◽  
Hakan Türkön ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: It is known that the biochemical marker linked to tissue ischemia, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), is related to oxidative stress. Cigarette smoking is a situation with increased oxidative stress causing cell damage and it is thought that many of the negative effects linked to smoking may occur after the biological material in the body is exposed to oxidative damage. This study aimed to identify variability in serum IMA levels in adolescents who smoke. Methods: This case-control study comprised 60 adolescents without any chronic disease. The smoking group was 30 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17 years who smoked, while the control group was 30 healthy adolescents who did not smoke. Blood samples were collected from all subjects and serum IMA levels and serum nicotine metabolites were determined. Results: The serum IMA levels in the adolescents who smoked were 0.452±0.094 absorbance unit (ABSU), while the control group had ASBU levels of 0.427±0.054. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum IMA levels (p=0.210). There was a significant difference between the control and smoking groups in terms of serum nicotine metabolite levels (p<0.001). Conclusions: Among adolescents who smoke, serum IMA levels may not be a good marker for oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with postherpetic neuralgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Sule Arican ◽  
Gulcin Hacibeyoglu ◽  
Sinan Oguzhan Ulukaya ◽  
Gamze Avcioglu ◽  
Ruhiye Reisli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Cobalt Binding ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plasma Thiols

Abstract Background Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an isotype of albumin that increases under oxidative stress, and plasma thiols are main defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate thiol-disulfide homeostasis and serum IMA levels in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients. Methods A total of 29 PHN patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum total and native thiol concentrations and serum disulfide concentration were measured using the method described by Erel and Neselioglu. The albumin cobalt binding test was used to measure serum IMA levels. Results Serum IMA levels were 1.21 ± 0.58 AU and 0.75 ± 0.09 AU in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum total thiol concentrations were found to be 421.62 ± 90.28 μmol/L and 598.36 ± 73.63 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum native thiol concentrations were found to be 365.75 ± 92.07 μmol/L and 531.90 ± 72.9 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum disulfide concentrations were found to be 33.23 ± 5.33 μmol/L and 27.93 ± 7.81 μmol/L in the PHN and control groups, respectively (p = 0.003). The native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly lower, and the disulfide/total thiol and disulfide/native thiol ratios were significantly higher in the PHN group compared to the controls. Conclusions IMA levels are high and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is disrupted in PHN patients.

scholarly journals Assessment of serum Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) Levels in Acute Rheumatic Fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Indranil Dawn ◽  
Gouranga Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cobalt Binding

Introduction : Rheumatic fever (RF) is an autoimmune, multiorgan inflammatory disease. The patients develop carditis (50-78%), arthritis (35-88%), chorea (2-19%), erythema marginatum (< 6%) and subcutaneous nodules (< 1-13%). Ischemia modified albumin or cobalt binding albumin is one of new biomarker for inflammation and oxidative stress. Various previous studies indicate that acute rheumatic fever is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, we examined IMA, CRP, ESR and albumin levels in acute rheumatic fever.Material and method: This case control study was conductedbetween April 2017 to March 2018 in pediatrics department of Malda Medical College and Hospital. Study group composed of 42 children aged 5-18 years suffering from acute rheumatic fever diagnosed by modified jones criteria and they compared with 50 healthy age and sex match control. The IMA levels were compared among groups, and the association to acute phase reactants were investigated.Results: Values ofserumischemia modified albumin, ESR and C Reactive Protein were significantly higher in cases compared to control group (p value ≤0.001). But no significant differencewas found between values of serum albumin in cases compared to control group. Positive correlation was found between cases serum IMA and ESR, C-Reactive protein.Conclusion: Serumischemia modified albumin were significantly higher in children with acute rheumatic fever compared to control group, so IMA could be used as a biomarker in diagnosis of ARF. However, further multicenter and larger case studies are needed to provide stronger evidence.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 222-225

scholarly journals Low serum vitamin D concentration is correlated with anemia, microinflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with peritoneal dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Junsheng Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Xie ◽  
Dong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a form of dialysis to replace the function of kidney, that uses the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane to remove metabolites and water retained in the body. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients treated with PD. This research investigated the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and anemia, microinflammation, and oxidative stress in PD patients. Methods 62 PD patients and 56 healthy volunteers were recruited in this research. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and basic parameters of anemia were detected. The correlation between serum 25(OH)D concentration with anemia, oxidative stress, and microinflammatory state were analyzed. Results In the PD group, the concentration of 25(OH)D was lower than the healthy control (HC) group (p < 0.001). Hemoglobin, red blood cell count (RBC), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in the PD group was significantly lower (all p < 0.001), while high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentrations were significantly higher, than the HC group (all p < 0.001). In the PD group, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was higher than in the HC group (p < 0.001), while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were lower (both p < 0.001). Serum 25(OH)D exhibited positive correlation with hemoglobin (r = 0.4509, p = 0.0002), RBC (r = 0.3712, p = 0.0030), TIBC (r = 0.4700, p = 0.0001), SOD (r = 0.4992, p < 0.0001) and GSH-Px (r = 0.4312, p = 0.0005), and negative correlation with hs-CRP (r = − 0.4040, p = 0.0011), TNF-α (r = − 0.4721, p = 0.0001), IL-6 (r = − 0.5378, p < 0.0001) and MDA (r = − 0.3056, p = 0.0157). Conclusion In conclusion, reduced serum 25(OH)D concentrations in PD patients contribute to anemia, oxidative stress and microinflammatory state.

Investigation of the Free and Total Thyroxine-binding Capacity of Plasma Proteins in Thyroid Disorders

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
József Takó ◽  
János Fischer ◽  
Jusztina Juhász ◽  
Ilona Sztraka ◽  
István Kapus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Total Thyroxine

SummaryThe results of thyroid function tests have been compared with data on the thyroxine-binding capacity of plasma proteins in hyper-, hypo- and euthyroid cases, the latter including women taking oral contraceptives (Infecundin). It was found that there exists a significant correlation of exponential nature between the in vitro red blood cell 125I-triiodothyronine uptake (RCU) and the free thyroxine-binding capacity of the thyroxine-inding globulin (TBG).

Iron Metabolism in the Human Body and Setting its Hygienic Limits for Drinking Water. Review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Natalija A. Egorova ◽  
N. V. Kanatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Labile Iron Pool

Iron is an assential element for the growth, division, differentiation and functioning of any cell in the body. Iron is virtually important for human and danger at the same time, because with excessive accumulation it causes oxidative stress with formation of highly active oxygen radicals and reactive form of nitrogen that can destroy cell membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, reduce cell viability, with, according to modern concepts, can contribute to the development of many diseases (cardiovascular, rheumatic, gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative, oncological, metabolic and others), and also accelerate the aging process. Part 1 of this review discussed the issues of iron metabolism in human, including its regulation at the cellular and systemic levels, the intake, transport, use, accumulation and export of iron in cells, the role of the labile iron pool in the cytoplasm of cells and plasma non-transferrin bound iron. Data are provided on the causes, frequency and significance of iron overload in the formation of free radicals and the development of oxidative stress. Part 2 of the review provides information on diseases associated with iron overload as well as information on ferroptosis - a new type of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Attention is paid to the works of domestic authors, where it was found that prolonged use of drinking water with a high iron content is unfavorable for the population and leads to an increase in the overall incidence, the development of the diseases of the blood, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, urogenital system, and allergic diseases. Separate publications are cited on the possibility of a negative effect of iron at concentrations in water of 0.3 mg/l and lower. The material of the review emphasizes the preventive significance of caution attitude to regulating iron in the water in the Russian Federation, where 1/3 of the population uses iron-containing water for drinking, and substantiate the feasibility of establishing a hygienic limit for iron in water not higher than 0.3 mg/l.

Assessment of indicators of nervous and emotional stress in medical center personnel depending on the characteristics of their professional activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-657
Author(s):  
Irina V. Fedotova ◽  
Tatyana N. Vasilyeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Blinova ◽  
Irina A. Umnyagina ◽  
Yuliya V. Lyapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Medical Centers

Introduction. Digital technologies are actively used in the work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles, which causes the impact on employees of a number of professional factors that determine the characteristics of their work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of professional factors on the functional state of the employees' body and the glutathione system as an objective indicator of stress based on the analysis of the subjective perception of the medical center employees of the specifics of working with personal computers and psychophysiological testing. Materials and methods. The study involved 109 specialists of medical centers (25 ophthalmologists, 31 representatives of the secondary medical staff - nurses and paramedics, 53 office employees). The anonymous survey concerned the assessment of working conditions and their impact on the functional state of the body of the respondents. Performance and stress tolerance indicators were evaluated using three standard questionnaires. The study of 66 subjects' levels of glutathione in the blood: total, reduced, oxidized and the ratio of reduced and oxidized - was used to analyze the relationship of the neuro-emotional nature of labor with the reaction of oxidative stress. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using traditional methods of variation statistics and calculating the value of the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The survey revealed a significant proportion of people in all groups of respondents who constantly use computer technology in their work. Describing the quality of the processed information, doctors more than representatives of other groups note its complexity, importance, negative emotional color, a high degree of responsibility and tension. Doctors more often than average medical staff and office workers associate the manifestation of fatigue with an uncomfortable state of the visual organ, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. The subjects showed reduced performance and stress tolerance with the most pronounced negative trends in the group of doctors. Changes in the glutathione system were detected, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in 40% of ophthalmologists and office workers, and in half of nurses. Conclusions. The work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles in accordance with their assessment is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, due to the need to process a significant amount of complex and important professionally significant information. Subjectively noted by respondents the influence of working conditions on the functional state of the body is confirmed by indicators of the glutathione system, which can be used as indicators of nervous and emotional stress.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

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