scholarly journals COVID-19 and Cancer Therapy: Interrelationships and Management of Cancer Cases in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simon N. Mbugua ◽  
Lydia W. Njenga ◽  
Ruth A. Odhiambo ◽  
Shem O. Wandiga ◽  
Martin O. Onani
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Living With Cancer

The COVID-19 global epidemic poses this generation’s biggest worldwide public health challenge probably since the 1918 influenza epidemic. Recent reports on two new variants have triggered a dramatic upsurge in research to understand the pandemic, primarily focussing on the virology, triggers, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic tests including the prevention and management of the novel coronavirus. Whilst such studies are important in managing the present medical emergency, there is a need for further work to include interdependencies between the epidemic and other illnesses. This will help in developing effective approaches to treat and manage associated diseases in both the short and the long term. In this regard, people living with cancer are a subgroup that is highly vulnerable to respiratory infections and acute pneumonitis similar to the one caused by the COVID-19 virus. This is because the state of their immunity is compromised due to malignancy and the adverse effects of anticancer treatments. With annual cancer projections rising globally and an estimated 70 percent of all cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, the patient population with impaired immune systems that could be adversely impacted by COVID-19 is only anticipated to rise. In this review, we delve into the challenges and health risks facing cancer patients and cancer treatment in the COVID-19 context, with suggestions into viable measures which can be taken to minimize exposure to the risk of contracting COVID-19 for this vulnerable subgroup. New mutations and the prospects offered by vaccines development and how they relate to this class of patients are also discussed.

scholarly journals COVID-19: epidemiological situation of Argentina and its neighbor countries after three months of pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
María Laura Ramírez ◽  
Sofía Mickaela Martinez ◽  
Carolina del Valle Bessone ◽  
Daniel Alberto Allemandi ◽  
Daniela Alejandra Quinteros
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: On December 2019, China reports the appearance of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), declared as a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Arguably, some nations with lower capacity to cope with the pandemic, especially in low and middle-income countries, might have poorer control of the COVID-19. Aim: In this work, in order to establish a better comprehension of the association between Argentina’s and its neighbor countries capacity and COVID-19 burden during the first three months, different indicators were evaluated. Method: We analyzed the association between GHSI, INFORM index and COVID-19 burden (number of confirmed cases and deaths) Also the number of tests, lethality and the stringency of Governmental policies were evaluated. Results: Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia started earlier different prevention measures. The number of tests differ, being Chile the one that makes more. Uruguay and Paraguay register fewer positive cases and deaths from COVID-19. The GHS index is led by Brazil, followed by Argentina, Chile. However, the INFORM index is led by Uruguay followed by Argentina and Chile and Paraguay on a par. Conclusion: The countries that took preventive measures earlier and carried out a more tests are the ones that are obtaining the best results against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Evolution of disease mortality burden in Cuba: 1990-2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando H. Seuc ◽  
Emma Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Summary Measures ◽  
The One

The objective of this study was to estimate the evolution of the burden of disease in Cuba for 20 major causes at five year intervals from 1990 to 2005, in terms of mortality and years of life lost due to premature death (YLL), using national mortality registries. Six summary measures were computed for each of the 20 major causes of death which characterized the evolution of the disease burden over the period studied. The 20 causes were then grouped according to their behaviour in these summary measures; hierarchical cluster analysis was used to support this grouping process. We compute YLL results with and without age-weighting and time discounting (3%). The 20 major causes were grouped into 12 subgroups, each with a particular pattern. The burden of disease in Cuba during the period 1990-2005 has a peculiar pattern that does not reproduce the one characteristic of other low- and middle-income countries. The approach used in this study supports a better description of mortality and YLL trends for major causes, for identifying possible explanations, and for supporting public health policy making. It seems convenient to reproduce this analysis using shorter time intervals, e.g. annually.

scholarly journals Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bach Xuan Tran ◽  
Giang Hai Ha ◽  
Long Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Hai Thanh Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

AbstractAn exponential growth of literature about novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been observed in the last few months. This textual analysis of 5,780 publications extracted from the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases was performed to explore the current research focuses and propose further research agenda. The Latent Dirichlet allocation was used for topic modeling. Regression analysis was conducted to examine country variations in the research focuses. Results indicated that publications were mainly contributed by the United States, China, and European countries. Guidelines for emergency care and surgical, viral pathogenesis, and global responses in the COVID-19 pandemic were the most common topics. There was variation in the research approaches to mitigate COVID-19 problems in countries with different income and transmission levels. Findings highlighted the need for global research collaboration among high- and low/middle-income countries in the different stages of prevention and control the pandemic.

scholarly journals Global economic footprint of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabo Guan ◽  
Daoping Wang ◽  
Stephane Hallegatte ◽  
Jingwen Huo ◽  
Shuping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Economic Damages

Abstract Countries around the world have sought to stop the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) by severely restricting travel and in-person commercial activities. Here, we analyse the economic footprint of such “lockdowns” using detailed datasets of global supply chains and a set of pandemic scenarios. We find that COVID-related economic losses are largely dependent on the number of countries imposing lockdowns, and that losses are more sensitive to the duration of a lockdown that its strictness—suggesting that more severe restrictions can reduce economic damages if they successfully shorten the duration of a lockdown. Our results also highlight several key vulnerabilities in global supply chains: Even countries that are not directly affected by COVID-19 can experience large losses (e.g., >20% of their GDP)—with such cascading impacts often occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Open and highly-specialized economies suffer particularly large losses (e.g., energy-exporting Central Asian countries or tourism-focused Caribbean countries). Supply bottlenecks and declines in consumer demand lead to especially large losses in globalized sectors such as electronics (production decreases of 13-53% across our scenarios) and automobiles (2-49%). Although retrospective analyses will undoubtedly provide further policy-relevant insights, our findings already imply that earlier, stricter, and thus shorter lockdowns are likely to minimize overall economic damages, and that global supply chains will magnify economic losses in some countries and industry sectors regardless of direct effects of the coronavirus.

scholarly journals In pursuit of ‘safe’ water: the burden of personal injury from water fetching in 21 low-income and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e003328
Author(s):  
Vidya Venkataramanan ◽  
Jo-Anne L Geere ◽  
Benjamin Thomae ◽  
Justin Stoler ◽  
Paul R Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Public Health Challenge

IntroductionWater fetching for household needs can cause injury, but documentation of the burden of harm globally has been limited. We described the frequency, characteristics and correlates of water-fetching injuries in 24 sites in 21 low-income and middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.MethodsIn a survey of 6291 randomly selected households, respondents reported whether and how they had experienced water-fetching injuries. Responses were coded for injury type, mechanism, bodily location and physical context. We then identified correlates of injury using a multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression model.ResultsThirteen per cent of respondents reported at least one water-fetching injury. Of 879 injuries, fractures and dislocations were the most commonly specified type (29.2%), and falls were the most commonly specified mechanism (76.4%). Where specified, 61.1% of injuries occurred to the lower limbs, and dangerous terrain (69.4%) was the most frequently reported context. Significant correlates included being female (aOR=1.50, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.96); rural (aOR=4.80, 95% CI 2.83 to 8.15) or periurban residence (aOR=2.75, 95% CI 1.64 to 4.60); higher household water insecurity scores (aOR=1.09, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.10) and reliance on surface water (aOR=1.97, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.22) or off-premise water sources that required queueing (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.49).ConclusionThese data suggest that water-fetching injuries are an underappreciated and largely unmeasured public health challenge. We offer guidelines for comprehensive data collection on injuries to better capture the true burden of inadequate water access. Such data can guide the design of interventions to reduce injury risk and promote equitable water access solutions.

scholarly journals Maternal and newborn care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya: re-contextualising the community midwifery model

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wangari Kimani ◽  
Rose Maina ◽  
Constance Shumba ◽  
Sheila Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Emotional Safety ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Peripartum deaths remain significantly high in low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted essential services, which could lead to an increase in maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, the lockdowns, curfews, and increased risk for contracting COVID-19 may affect how women access health facilities. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that requires a community-centred response, not just hospital-based interventions. In this prolonged health crisis, pregnant women deserve a safe and humanised birth that prioritises the physical and emotional safety of the mother and the baby. There is an urgent need for innovative strategies to prevent the deterioration of maternal and child outcomes in an already strained health system. We propose strengthening community-based midwifery to avoid unnecessary movements, decrease the burden on hospitals, and minimise the risk of COVID-19 infection among women and their newborns.

scholarly journals Addressing the Challenges of Containing Covid-19 Spread in a Rural, Poor Area in India: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Madelon L. Finkel ◽  
Biswajit Paul ◽  
Rita Isaac ◽  
David Weller ◽  
James Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Rural Poor ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Unknown Number ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Poor Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The rapid spread of COVID-19 in 2020 has illustrated how transmissible, virulent, and unpredictable this novel coronavirus is. As of mid-December 2020, over 73.6 million cases have been recorded, with 1.64 million deaths attributed to the disease. This most probably is an underestimate given that testing has been spotty and that an unknown number of asymptomatic individuals are not counted in the statistics. Also, the difference between reported confirmed cases and deaths varies by country, with Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) bearing the highest burden [1].

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