scholarly journals COVID-19: epidemiological situation of Argentina and its neighbor countries after three months of pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
María Laura Ramírez ◽  
Sofía Mickaela Martinez ◽  
Carolina del Valle Bessone ◽  
Daniel Alberto Allemandi ◽  
Daniela Alejandra Quinteros
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: On December 2019, China reports the appearance of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), declared as a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Arguably, some nations with lower capacity to cope with the pandemic, especially in low and middle-income countries, might have poorer control of the COVID-19. Aim: In this work, in order to establish a better comprehension of the association between Argentina’s and its neighbor countries capacity and COVID-19 burden during the first three months, different indicators were evaluated. Method: We analyzed the association between GHSI, INFORM index and COVID-19 burden (number of confirmed cases and deaths) Also the number of tests, lethality and the stringency of Governmental policies were evaluated. Results: Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia started earlier different prevention measures. The number of tests differ, being Chile the one that makes more. Uruguay and Paraguay register fewer positive cases and deaths from COVID-19. The GHS index is led by Brazil, followed by Argentina, Chile. However, the INFORM index is led by Uruguay followed by Argentina and Chile and Paraguay on a par. Conclusion: The countries that took preventive measures earlier and carried out a more tests are the ones that are obtaining the best results against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Novel coronavirus mitigation measures implemented by radiotherapy centres in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Andrew Donkor ◽  
Vivian Della Atuwo-Ampoh ◽  
Craig Opie ◽  
Frederick Yakanu ◽  
Dorothy Lombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Trade of Economically and Physically Scarce Virtual Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vallino ◽  
Luca Ridolfi ◽  
Francesco Laio
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Income ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Water Abundance ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract The virtual water (VW) trade associated to food is composed by the quantity of water utilized for the production of the crops exchanged on the global market. In assessing a country’s water abundance or scarcity when entering the international VW trade, scholars consider only physical water availability, neglecting economic water scarcity, that indicates situations in which socio-economic obstacles impede the productive use of water. We weight the global VW trade associated to primary crops with a newly proposed composite water scarcity index (CWSI) that combines physical and economic water scarcity. Almost half of VW volumes is exported from countries with a higher CWSI than the one of the destination country. Such unfair routes occur both from low- to high-income countries and among low- and middle-income countries themselves. High-income countries have a predominant role in import of CWSI-weighted VW, while low- and middle-income countries dominate among the largest CWSI-weighted VW exporters. For many of them economic water scarcity dominates over physical scarcity. The application of the CWSI elicits also a status change from net exporter to net importer for some wealthy countries and viceversa for some low- and middle-income countries. The application of CWSI allows one to quantify to what extent VW exchanges flow along environmentally and economically unfair routes, and it can inform the design of compensation policies.

scholarly journals Prioritizing knowledge translation in low- and middle-income countries to support pandemic response and preparedness

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yodi Mahendradhata ◽  
Anna Kalbarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Institutional Capacity Building ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has created urgent demand around the world for knowledge generation about a novel coronavirus, its transmission, and control, putting academic institutions at the frontline of politics. While many academic institutions are well poised to conduct research, there are well-documented barriers for these institutions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), to further conduct strategic synthesis and dissemination to promote knowledge utilization among policy-makers. These systemic barriers to knowledge translation (KT) pose significant challenges for academic institutions seeking to take advantage of unprecedented policy windows to inform evidence-based decision-making. Global health funding organizations should prioritize the support of academic institutions’ activities along the KT pathway, including both knowledge generation and strategic dissemination, to improve knowledge uptake for decision-making to improve health. Institutional capacity-building initiatives for KT have the potential to profoundly impact responses to this and future pandemics.

scholarly journals The implementation and effectiveness of the one stop centre model for intimate partner and sexual violence in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of barriers and enablers

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e001883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose McKeon Olson ◽  
Claudia García-Moreno ◽  
Manuela Colombini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
The One ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionMany low- and middle-income countries have implemented health-system based one stop centres to respond to intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence. Despite its growing popularity in low- and middle-income countries and among donors, no studies have systematically reviewed the one stop centre. Using a thematic synthesis approach, this systematic review aims to identify enablers and barriers to implementation of the one stop centre (OSC) model and to achieving its intended results for women survivors of violence in low- and middle-income countries.MethodsWe searched PubMed, CINAHL and Embase databases and grey literature using a predetermined search strategy to identify all relevant qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies. Overall, 42 studies were included from 24 low- and middle-income countries. We used a three-stage thematic synthesis methodology to synthesise the qualitative evidence, and we used the CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) approach to assess confidence in the qualitative research. Meta-analysis could not be performed due heterogeneity in results and outcome measures. Quantitative data are presented by individual study characteristics and outcomes, and key findings are incorporated into the qualitative thematic framework.ResultsThe review found 15 barriers with high-confidence evidence and identified seven enablers with moderate-confidence evidence. These include barriers to implementation such as lack of multisectoral staff and private consultation space as well as barriers to achieving the intended result of multisectoral coordination due to fragmented services and unclear responsibilities of implementing partners. There were also differences between enablers and barriers of various OSC models such as the hospital-based OSC, the stand-alone OSC and the NGO-run OSC.ConclusionThis review demonstrates that there are several barriers that have often prevented the OSC model from being implemented as designed and achieving the intended result of providing high quality, accessible, acceptable, multisectoral care. Existing OSCs will likely require strategic investment to address these specific barriers before they can achieve their ultimate goal of reducing survivor retraumatisation when seeking care. More rigorous and systematic evaluation of the OSC model is needed to better understand whether the OSC model of care is improving support for survivors of IPV and sexual violence.The systematic review protocol was registered and is available online (PROSPERO: CRD42018083988).

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Cancer Therapy: Interrelationships and Management of Cancer Cases in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simon N. Mbugua ◽  
Lydia W. Njenga ◽  
Ruth A. Odhiambo ◽  
Shem O. Wandiga ◽  
Martin O. Onani
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Living With Cancer

The COVID-19 global epidemic poses this generation’s biggest worldwide public health challenge probably since the 1918 influenza epidemic. Recent reports on two new variants have triggered a dramatic upsurge in research to understand the pandemic, primarily focussing on the virology, triggers, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic tests including the prevention and management of the novel coronavirus. Whilst such studies are important in managing the present medical emergency, there is a need for further work to include interdependencies between the epidemic and other illnesses. This will help in developing effective approaches to treat and manage associated diseases in both the short and the long term. In this regard, people living with cancer are a subgroup that is highly vulnerable to respiratory infections and acute pneumonitis similar to the one caused by the COVID-19 virus. This is because the state of their immunity is compromised due to malignancy and the adverse effects of anticancer treatments. With annual cancer projections rising globally and an estimated 70 percent of all cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, the patient population with impaired immune systems that could be adversely impacted by COVID-19 is only anticipated to rise. In this review, we delve into the challenges and health risks facing cancer patients and cancer treatment in the COVID-19 context, with suggestions into viable measures which can be taken to minimize exposure to the risk of contracting COVID-19 for this vulnerable subgroup. New mutations and the prospects offered by vaccines development and how they relate to this class of patients are also discussed.

scholarly journals Novel coronavirus mitigation measures implemented by radiotherapy centres in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Donkor ◽  
Vivian Della Atuwo-Ampoh ◽  
Craig Opie ◽  
Frederick Yakanu ◽  
Dorothy Lombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Aim: To identify strategies adopted by radiotherapy centres in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.Background: Studies summarising COVID-19 mitigation strategies designed and implemented by radiotherapy centres in LMICs to avoid delays, deferrments and interruptions of radiotherapy services are lacking.Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guideline. Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed articles that reported measures adopted by radiotherapy centres in LMICs to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Information on different strategies were extracted from the included studies and textual narrative synthesis was conducted.Results: Of the 60 articles retrieved, eleven were included. Majority of the studies were conducted in China. Ten of the included studies employed a qualitative design. Four themes were identified: preparing and equipping staff; reinforcing infection prevention and control policies; strengthening coordination and communication; and maintaining physical distancing. Studies reported that radiotherapy centres have: formed COVID-19 response multidisciplinary team; maximised the use of telehealth; adjusted the layout of waiting areas; divided staff into teams; dedicated a room for isolating suspected cases; and adopted triage systems.Conclusions: Local adaptation of established global strategies coupled with timely development of guidelines, flexibility and innovation have allowed radiotherapy leaders to continue to deliver radiotherapy services to cancer patients in LMICs during the COVID-19 crisis. Robust and quality data collection must be encouraged in LMICs to provide an evidence-based knowledge for use in the event of another pandemic.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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