scholarly journals The Mechanism Causing an Increase in Farmland Transfer Rent and the Restraining Effect of High Rent on Grain Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Xian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
High Rent ◽  
High Production ◽  
Dynamic Game Model ◽  
Rent Level

The rent of farmland transfer represents the economic realization of farmland contracts and management rights of agricultural households. A three-stage dynamic game model with three players is constructed in this paper to study the mechanism causing an increase in farmland transfer rent. Based on the theory of producer equilibrium and production possibility boundaries, this paper studies the restraining effect of high rent on grain production and analyzes the factors that prevent the decline in grain production at present. Combined with the process of farmland transfer in a village, both the mechanism causing an increase in farmland transfer rent and the restraining effect of high rent on grain production are empirically analyzed. The conclusion is as follows: the basic direction of farmland transfer is from farmers with a low production capacity to farmers with a high production capacity, and the rent level is determined by the transferors with high production capacity; about half of the economies of scale profits and two-thirds of transferees’ subsidies are converted into farmland transfer rents. High farmland transfer rent reinforces “nongrain” and “nonagricultural” behaviors. Finally, it is suggested that farmers should be given vocational training in agricultural production, “farmland transfer tax” should be levied on excessive farmland transfer rent, and transferees should be subsidized for grain production.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Game Model of Collective Choice in Multiagent Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 768-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabih Salhab ◽  
Roland P. Malhame ◽  
Jerome Le Ny
Keyword(s):  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Collective Choice ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Dynamic Game Model

scholarly journals Heliceculture as a promising area of agricultural production

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Ivan Zubar ◽  
Yuliia Onyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Development

Purpose. The aim of the article is research of theoretical, organizational and economic aspects of functioning and effective development of farms for growing and processing of snails and substantiation of prospects of heliceculture as a branch of agriculture on the basis of analysis of world experience. Methodology of research. In the course of the research the methods of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, abstraction) and empirical methods (observations, questionnaires, conversations) of economic science are used, which are based on a systematic approach, which allowed to characterize the current state of production and export of heliceculture products, as well as identify key issues in this area of agricultural production. Findings. The concept of “heliceculture” is substantiated and its content is analysed in terms of prospects as a new direction of agricultural production. The historical genesis of the development of traditions of snail products consumption has been studied, as a result of which the first mentions in the history of Ancient Rome, as well as France and Italy have been revealed. An analysis of the dynamics and current state of development of domestic heliculture entrepreneurship, which showed a rapid increase in the number of snail farms and increasing exports of snails to Europe. An overview of the world market for edible snails is made, where there is a noticeable tendency to a gradual annual increase in the consumption of heliculture products. The key elements of the technological process of growing edible snails are analysed, which allowed to systematize a number of basic technological processes and to conclude about the complexity and complexity of this production. The commodity assortment of heliculture has been determined, which includes meat, caviar and snail secretion. The key advantages of Ukraine as a producer and exporter of heliculture products are highlighted, including the availability of labour, proximity to markets, high land supply and dissatisfaction with global demand for these products, which makes it significant for the development of heliculture as an agricultural production. The key problems that hinder the development of snail farming are summarized, namely: legislative unregulation, limited industrial production capacity, lack of diversified processing, limited information and scientific research. The key directions of development of the heliceculture industry are determined, among which: organization of production and marketing heliceculture cooperatives, provision of in-depth processing and year-round uninterrupted production, development of agro-tourism on the basis of snail farms. Originality. A systematic approach to clarifying the definition of “heliceculture” is proposed. On the basis of a thorough study of official statistical information on the state of production of snail products, the importance of heliculture as a promising area of agricultural production is substantiated. Practical value. The obtained research results can be used in the development of an effective concept for the development of the heliculture industry. Key words: heliceculture, heliceculture market, snail farming, small business, family farm.

scholarly journals MODEL FOR AN ALERT UNDER GETTING OEE INTO OLD SHOES OF MC PRICING MECHANISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Li-Hsing Ho ◽  
Alang Manglavan ◽  
Chung-Cheng Fu
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Pricing Mechanism ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Marginal Cost Pricing ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Dynamic Examination

The model for updating marginal cost pricing by overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) indexes as well as P*A*Q under existing market tough competition. Motivation/Background: When production capacity is constant and the AC curve is higher than the MC curve, AC pricing can be employed. Because of market competition, businesses producing in small quantities and low diversity use MC pricing. To reduce the risk to profit, a novel cost pricing mechanism can be adopted by using the unit DC of MC to correspond to the OEE under Areeda-Turner Rule. Method: The correspondence of the OEE with the unit direct cost (DC) is deduced and verified in this paper by calculating the quotient found by dividing the OEE indexes by unit DC as conditional as Bill of Material (BOM) cost. Results: Research findings revealed a positive alert for timely updating pricing between average cost (AC) pricing and marginal cost (MC) pricing. Conclusions: This approach reflects the dynamic game in a timely manner. The OEE comprises the performance, availability, and quality indexes. These three indexes reconcile the unit DC pricing, and using MC in optimization of marginal revenue (MR). In practice, shop floor management measures key indexes of idleness and loss; the objective is to eliminate laggard and static pricing problem. This realizes dynamic examination of cost difference of the BOM cost pool. One case study is employed to explain the MC pricing strategy in industry.

POWER SUPPLY OF FARM TRACTOR INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
OTARI N. DIDMANIDZE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Tractors

Determining the prospects for the development of the tractor fl eet in Russia and its supplying with power units is an important task in establishing a technological foundation to eff ectively tackle the problems of agricultural production. Taking into consideration the indicator of power supply in agriculture in the world’s economically developed countries, the authors consider the domestic needs in agricultural tractors and engines. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the fl eet of agricultural tractors is at a low level of about 200 thousand units, and it requires further serious development. To ensure eff ective agricultural production, it is necessary to balance the level of farm tractor availability in Russia with that of economically advanced countries. The indicator of 4 kW/ha was taken as a promising level of tractor availability, and the required number of tractors was determined. The analysis was carried out for the cultivation of arable land in Russia with an area of 80 million hectares as of 2020 and amounted to about 2.5 million units for the entire range of agricultural tractors taking into account their traction class. To cultivate all arable areas in Russia, which amounted to about 120 million hectares in 1990, a third more equipment will be required. To maintain the tractor fl eet at this level, it is necessary to ensure an annual supply of at least 250 thousand units of various engines with a total capacity of at least 320 GW. This problem can be solved through increasing the production capacity of existing engine-building plants and designing new diesel engines for tractors of traction classes 0.6…1.4 with a capacity between 20 and 70 kW.

Post-Collective Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ho ◽  
Francesco Zaratin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
Rural Industrialization ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Daunting Challenge

Since the start of the economic reforms in 1978, China has developed today into one of the world’s leading producers of agricultural produce—particularly pork, poultry, fruits, vegetables, wheat, corn, and rice. The transition of China’s collectivist Soviet-style agricultural production toward a modernized, mechanized, and market-based agriculture has taken many decades to take effect. A major breakthrough that marked the start of China’s agricultural transition was the nationwide adoption of the Household Contract Responsibility System in the mid-1980s. In addition to these managerial and structural changes, the Chinese government engaged in the liberalization of agricultural prices and supply and marketing systems, as well as the stimulation of agricultural diversification, mechanization, and economies of scale. As agriculture continued to develop, millions of farmers were lifted out of poverty and migrated to the cities to find employment in the industries and services. At the same time, however, China encountered significant problems as a result. For one, how to ensure food security and feed close to one-fifth of the earth’s population with less than one-tenth of its farmland? On top of that, over time vast tracts of fertile, arable land were lost due to its (legal and illegal) conversion into urban construction land. Raising agricultural production was also severely constrained by the small and fragmented nature of Chinese farms. Well into the 2010s, over 90 percent of these were smaller than 2.5 acres, while cropland was scattered over numerous different plots. Furthermore, ensuring adequate social welfare, education, and health care for the rural populace had become a daunting challenge in the face of the growing divide between urban citizens and the peasant population. Last but not least, rapid rural industrialization through township and village enterprises (TVEs), once hailed as a miracle of China’s reforms, had taken a heavy toll in the form of soil, air, and water pollution, giving rise to “cancer villages”, “black rivers,” and heavily degraded natural resources. At the time of this writing, Chinese agriculture is caught in between two worlds: on the one hand, one may find smallholders tilling scattered agricultural plots, on the other hand, there are high-tech food-processing factories and the peri-urban, sometimes ecologically guided industrial farms. The stark contrast between a highly modernized sector versus a traditional one will continue to explain the paradoxical dynamics of Chinese post-collective agriculture for the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals TOLERANCE OF F 2 POPULATIONS OF COWPEA TO WATER DEFICIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
ERINA VITÓRIO RODRIGUES ◽  
KAESEL JACKSON DAMASCENO-SILVA ◽  
MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA ◽  
EDSON ALVES BASTOS ◽  
ADRIANO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Incomplete Block ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
High Production ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Block Experiment

ABSTRACT Water deficit affects plant development and the overcoming of its effects depends on the genotype, duration of stress, severity of damage and development stage of the plant at water stress. Cowpea is considered tolerant to water deficit, however, studies have shown that its yield can be reduced under this condition. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of water deficit on F2 populations of cowpea and select tolerant genotypes. Thirty F2 populations of cowpea and their parents (BRS-Paraguaçu, Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2, BRS-Xiquexique, CNCx-698-128G, Santo-Inácio and MNC99-510F-16-1) were evaluated in two experiments, one under induced water deficit and other under full irrigation, in the experimental field of the Embrapa Mid-North, in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil. A triple lattice incomplete block experiment design was used, with three replications. The experimental plots consisted of six 2-m rows, with spacing of 1.0 m between rows and 0.50 m between plants. The grain production was evaluated and its decrease related to the relative production and tolerance to stress was calculated. The grain production of the genotypes had an average decrease of 29.83% under water deficit. The genotypes from the crosses BRS-Paraguaçu x CNCx-698-128G, BRS-Xiquexique x Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2, CNCx-698-128G x BRS-Xiquexique, CNCx-698-128G x MNC99-510F-16-1, Santo-Inácio x BRS-Xiquexique and MNC99-510F-16-1 x BRS-Paraguaçu had high production and high tolerance to water deficit.

scholarly journals Competitive Analyses of the Pig Industry in Swaziland

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandile Ndwandwe ◽  
Ruey-Chee Weng
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Leadership Strategy ◽  
Uncertain Future

Over recent decades, Swaziland’s pork industry has been stagnant, failing to meet the domestic demand for pork. It is only in recent years that the number of pig farmers has increased rapidly, with smallholder farmers taking the lead. However, while higher demand for pork could lead to opportunities for growth, with uncertain future markets, increased pig production capacity could subject farmers to extreme market competition and failure to sell their produce. This study used a survey and SWOT analysis to assess the current pig production and market performance of smallholder farms in Swaziland. To quantify SWOT factors, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to derive priorities for subsequent formulation of potential pig production strategies that are resilient both to market and climate changes. Strategy formulation was based on Porter’s cost leadership strategy. The findings revealed that, currently, the pig industry is attractive, and that the present is probably the best time for smallholder farmers to maximize their profits. Unfortunately, the industry was found to be threatened by the expected increase in production capacity, future market competition, and the socio-environmental challenges associated with expansion. Despite this, the findings suggest that smallholder farmers can survive future market challenges by strategically using agro-industrial by-products as alternative feed ingredients to reduce production cost. The formation of farmers’ associations could benefit smallholder farmers through economies of scale, processing and product value addition, and increased access to markets, and unity could strengthen their position in the market when bargaining for better prices.

Impact Research on a Nonlinear Cold Chain Evolutionary Game Under Three Various Contracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Ma ◽  
Tiantong Xu ◽  
Yalan Hong ◽  
Xueli Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Chain Dynamic ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
Dynamic Game Model

In this paper, we establish a cold chain dynamic game model including a milk manufacturer and two downstream oligopoly supermarkets under the wholesale price contract in the real world. The manufacturer is responsible for the production and cold transportation, and the two retailers sell the product. The Nash equilibrium points and the complexity of the system are discussed. The influence of the decision parameters and the stability of the system are studied by using complexity theory. We reveal the stable regions for the dynamic system. In addition, revenue sharing contract and profit sharing contract are two valuable contracts. In order to see how the two contracts would impact on the system’s equilibrium solution and the profits, we establish and analyze two new dynamic models for the cold chain. By the comparison of the analyses under three contracts, we find that the manufacturer’s effort of cold transportation will change under different contracts, and the profit distribution of the whole cold chain will be affected. Chaos control is also studied by the method of delay feedback control, in order to provide some management advice.

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