scholarly journals Governor Vessel Moxibustion Therapy Improves Microbiota Structure in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guodong Sun ◽  
Qingbo Wang ◽  
Shengnan Cao ◽  
Haidong Xu ◽  
Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Governor Vessel ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Background. Clinical studies have shown that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) could be significantly improved by Governor Vessel moxibustion (GVM) therapy. Objective. Study whether GVM therapy alleviates the clinical symptoms of AS by modulating intestinal microbiota. Methods. A total of 9 AS patients and 9 paired healthy individuals were enrolled, and GVM therapy was provided to the AS patients. Stool, urine, and saliva samples from the healthy individuals and the AS patients before and after GVM therapy were collected, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for microbiota analysis. Results. We found that GVM therapy can significantly alleviate the symptoms of AS, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating. GVM therapy also decreased the abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella while increasing the abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, in the gut microbiota of the AS patients. The analyses for AS clinical data and microbial abundances in AS patients revealed their multiple significant correlations ( P < 0.01 ); for example, an unclassified crystal was positively correlated with AF12 and Delftia, monocyte had a negative correlation with Scardovia, and human leukocyte antigen-B27 was negatively correlated with Catenibacterium, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira. Conclusions. Overall, these findings demonstrate that GVM therapy can alleviate AS clinical symptoms, and at the same time, it improves the microbial structure of microbiota in AS patients. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100051907.

scholarly journals The Origin of Plasma-Derived Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1636
Author(s):  
Emily Jones ◽  
Régis Stentz ◽  
Andrea Telatin ◽  
George M. Savva ◽  
Catherine Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Blood Microbiota

The gastrointestinal tract harbors the gut microbiota, structural alterations of which (dysbiosis) are linked with an increase in gut permeability (“leaky gut”), enabling luminal antigens and bacterial products such as nanosized bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) to access the circulatory system. Blood-derived BEVs contain various cargoes and may be useful biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of disease status and relapse in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To progress this concept, we developed a rapid, cost-effective protocol to isolate BEV-associated DNA and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify bacterial origins of the blood microbiome of healthy individuals and patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing successfully identified the origin of plasma-derived BEV DNA. The analysis showed that the blood microbiota richness, diversity, or composition in IBD, healthy control, and protocol control groups were not significantly distinct, highlighting the issue of ‘kit-ome’ contamination in low-biomass studies. Our pilot study provides the basis for undertaking larger studies to determine the potential use of blood microbiota profiling as a diagnostic aid in IBD.

scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pre-Slaughter Fasting on the Ruminal Microbial Population of Commercial Angus Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Christina Breanne Welch ◽  
Jeferson M. Lourenco ◽  
Darren S. Seidel ◽  
Taylor Rae Krause ◽  
Michael J. Rothrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Diet impacts the composition of the ruminal microbiota; however, prior to slaughter, cattle are fasted, which may change the ruminal microbial ecosystem structure and lead to dysbiosis. The objective of this study was to determine changes occurring in the rumen after pre-slaughter fasting, which can allow harmful pathogens an opportunity to establish in the rumen. Ruminal samples were collected before and after pre-slaughter fasting from seventeen commercial Angus steers. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to determine the ruminal microbiota, as well as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Microbial richness (Chao 1 index), evenness, and Shannon diversity index all increased after fasting (p ≤ 0.040). During fasting, the two predominant families Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased (p ≤ 0.029), whereas the remaining minor families increased (p < 0.001). Fasting increased Blautia and Methanosphaera (p ≤ 0.003), while Campylobacter and Treponema tended to increase (p ≤ 0.086). Butyrate concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.068) after fasting. The present findings support that fasting causes ruminal nutrient depletion resulting in dysbiosis, allowing opportunistic pathogens to exploit the void in the ruminal ecological niche.

scholarly journals Ulcers as a Sign of Skin Infection with Mycobacterium wolinskyi: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bossart ◽  
Barbara Schnell ◽  
Katrin Kerl ◽  
Mirjana Urosevic-Maiwald
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Infection with Mycobacterium wolinskyi, if not detected, may cause severe skin and soft tissue infection with prolonged healing process and is therefore associated with high morbidity. Only about 20 cases of M. wolinskyi infections in humans have been described in the literature until now, none of them in Switzerland. We report a case of an infection in a 72-year-old male patient with recurrent subcutaneous abdominal wall abscesses and ulcer formation after insulin injection in the underbelly. A culture of skin biopsy tissue showed rapid growth of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as M. wolinskyi. Surgical excision and primary closure of all abdominal ulcers in combination with antibiotic therapy, based on the antimicrobiotic susceptibility test results, were performed and resulted in complete resolution of the clinical symptoms and no recurrence of infection at a 6-month follow-up. The present case emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection with ulcer formation. In such cases, it is crucial to consider the presence of NTM, such as M. wolinskyi, in order to obtain rapid diagnosis, specific treatment and improved patient care.

scholarly journals 2572. The Impact of Antibiotics on the Composition of the Vaginal Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S893-S894
Author(s):  
Sima L Sharara ◽  
Khalil Ghanem ◽  
Rebecca Brotman ◽  
Courtney Robinson ◽  
Jacques Ravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background The impact of antibiotics on the composition of the vaginal microbiota (VMB) is poorly defined. We analyzed the VMB of women before and after the use of antibiotics. Methods We used samples from a cohort of reproductive-aged women who submitted vaginal swabs and clinical data over a 2-year period. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted, and VMB was categorized into 7 community state types (CSTs): four dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and three low in Lactobacillus, dominated by Streptococcus spp. (CST VI), Bifidobacterium spp. (CST VII), or comprising a variety of anaerobes (CST IV). CSTs were further categorized as Lactobacillus-dominated (LD) or non-Lactobacillus-dominated (NLD). We compared paired vaginal samples collected within 48 hours prior to and 48 hours after completion of antibiotics in 40 women (N = 10 systemic metronidazole, N = 6 vaginal metronidazole, N = 5 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, N = 9 amoxicillin, N = 5 azithromycin, N = 5 other), to time-matched samples in 56 controls. Exact logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on LD status controlling for baseline CST, race, menses, and hormonal contraceptive use. Results Women who received antibiotics were 25 times more likely to be in an LD state after antibiotics compared with those who did not receive antibiotics (p = 0.0017). NLD to LD transitions occurred almost exclusively in patients receiving metronidazole. Of 13 women who began in NLD (N = 12 in CST IV) and then received metronidazole, 84.6% (N = 11) transitioned to LD (CST III, L. iners-dominated). Of 7 women who started in an NLD state and received non-nitroimidazole antibiotics, only two (receiving clindamycin or amoxicillin) transitioned to an LD state. None of the 20 women who began in a LD state transitioned to a non-LD state after antibiotics. 12 controls were in an NLD state at baseline, of these 11 remained NLD at the second time point. 44 controls started in an LD state and all remained in LD at the second time point. Conclusion In the short term, metronidazole results in a transition of the VMB from a NLD to a L. iners-dominated state. There was little impact of non-nitroimidazole antibiotics on the VMB. Studies assessing longer-term impact of antibiotics on the composition of the VMB are needed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Effects of obesity, energy restriction and neutering on the faecal microbiota of cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela M. Fischer ◽  
Alexandre M. Kessler ◽  
Dorothy A. Kieffer ◽  
Trina A. Knotts ◽  
Kyoungmi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractSurveys report that 25–57 % of cats are overweight or obese. The most evinced cause is neutering. Weight loss often fails; thus, new strategies are needed. Obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy extraction, body weight and adiposity. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity, energy restriction and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in eight lean intact, eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and after 6 weeks of energy restriction. Lean neutered cats had a bacterial profile similar to obese rodents and humans, with a greater abundance (P<0·05) of Firmicutes and lower abundance (P<0·05) of Bacteroidetes compared with the other groups. The greater abundance of Firmicutes in lean neutered cats was due to a bloom in Peptostreptococcaceae. Obese cats had an 18 % reduction in fat mass after energy restriction (P<0·05). Energy reduction was concurrent with significant shifts in two low-abundance bacterial genera and trends in four additional genera. The greatest change was a reduction in the Firmicutes genus,Sarcina, from 4·54 to 0·65 % abundance after energy restriction. The short duration of energy restriction may explain why few bacterial changes were observed in the obese cats. Additional work is needed to understand how neutering, obesity and weight loss are related to changes in feline microbiota and how these microbial shifts affect host physiology.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Genitourinary Microbiome of 1,165 Middle-Aged and Elderly Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Qin ◽  
Xulian Shi ◽  
Junming Xu ◽  
Simin Yuan ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Urological Disorders ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Accumulated evidence shows that complex microbial communities resides in the healthy human urinary tract and can change in urological disorders. However, there lacks a comprehensive profiling of the genitourinary microbiota in healthy cohort. Here, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of midstream urine specimens from 1,172 middle-aged and elderly healthy individuals. The core microbiota included 6 dominant genera (mean relative abundance &gt;5%), including Prevotella, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Escherichia-Shigella, and Veillonella, and 131 low-abundance genera (0.01–5%), displaying a distinct microbiome profiles to that of host-matched gut microbiota. The composition and diversity of genitourinary microbiome (GM) were distinct between genders and may fluctuate with ages. Several urotypes were identified by the stratification of microbiome profiles, which were mainly dominated by the six most predominant genera. The prevalence of urotypes was disparate between genders, and the male sample additionally harbored other urotypes dominated by Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, or Sphingomonas. Peptoniphilus, Ezakiella, and Porphyromonas were co-occurred and co-abundant, and they may play crucial roles as keystone genera and be associated with increased microbial diversity. Our results delineated the microbial structure and diversity landscape of the GM in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults and provided insights into the influence of gender and age to it.

scholarly journals Microbial Profiles of Patients With Antipsychotic-Related Constipation Treated With Electroacupuncture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjia Zheng ◽  
Xiumin Jiang ◽  
Yacen Gao ◽  
Lexin Yuan ◽  
Xiaotong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Antipsychotic-related constipation (APRC) is one of the most common side effects of taking antipsychotic medication. APRC can seriously impact patient quality of life and is potentially fatal, though the efficacy of current APRC treatments is low for most patients. In this study, we conducted a controlled, pilot randomized, sham-electroacupuncture (SEA) study to assess the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in patients with APRC. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the microbial profiles of these patients and analyze how EA treatments affected their bacteria.Methods: We treated 133 APRC patients with randomly assigned EA treatments or SEA treatments for 4 consecutive weeks, fully evaluating the patients 8 weeks after treatment. The participants, outcome assessors, and statistics were all blind to the EA and SEA treatments. Outcomes assessed included changes in spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) and the frequency of rescue measures. We detected assessed the microbial diversity of stool specimens both before and after EA treatment using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results: Both EA and SEA treatments reduced the need for constipation rescue measures and did not have serious side effects. EA treatments were better than SEA treatments at increasing SBMs and reducing rescue measures. The diversity of gut microbiota changed after EA treatment. LEfSe analysis indicated changes in the genus (belonging to phylum Proteobacteria) of gut microbiota in patients following EA treatment.Conclusions: This study found that EA treatment is effective and safe for patients with APRC, and could be associated with changes in their microbial profiles. Further study, with larger sample sizes, is needed to explore the efficacy of EA intervention as a clinical treatment for APRC.Trial Registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR-ONC-17010842, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=18420.

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