scholarly journals Land Circulation, Scale Operation, and Agricultural Carbon Reduction Efficiency: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Haonan Song ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Shiyun Zhang ◽  
Jingdong Luan
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Land Circulation ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
High Level

Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese province in 2005–2018, this paper quantifies agricultural carbon reduction efficiency (CRE), using the slack-based measure (SBM)-data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with undesired outputs (SBM-DEA ∗ ), and empirically tests that development of land circulation market directly affects agricultural CRE, and indirectly affects agricultural CRE via scale operation of farmland. The results show that the following: (1) In the observation period, China’s agricultural CREs generally evolved from a low level to a high level, with an annual growth rate of 8.0%, but there is still a large space of carbon reduction. (2) Overall, land circulation significantly promoted agricultural CRE, but the promoting effect varied from region to region: the promoting effect was significant in eastern and central regions, and insignificant in western region. (3) Scale operation of farmland had a nonlinear, partial mediation effect on how land circulation influences agricultural CRE; land circulation greatly accelerated the scale operation of farmland, while the growing scale of farmland utilization had an inverted U-shaped influence on agricultural CRE. Our research results imply that promoting land circulation directly drives the low-carbon transformation of agriculture in China, but excessive scale operation of farmland might hinder agricultural carbon reduction.

scholarly journals Diverse Schemes of Cost Pooling for Carbon- Reduction Outsourcing in Low-Carbon Supply Chains

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinpeng Wang ◽  
Longfei He ◽  
Daozhi Zhao ◽  
Michele Lundy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
External Expert ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Better Than

Among responses to governmental regulations for curbing carbon emissions, outsourcing carbon reduction to a specialized third-party is an important means to satisfy a variety of carbon-emission restraints. In this situation, however, designing efficient contracts for emission reducing while retaining appropriate supply-chain profit is a substantial but challenging problem. We therefore refine this from practice and consider a low-carbon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer to analyze in which conditions the system should outsource its carbon reduction efforts to an external expert firm under the assumption that consumers with a sense of social responsibility prefer low carbon products. In the decarbonization expert firm embedded supply chain, we examine the respective impacts of three cost-pooling schemes for emission reduction on supply chain performances. We find that the manufacturer-undertaking contract is the worst in terms of profit and carbon reduction level among the contracts being studied, while the retailer-undertaking contract yields the best outcome in terms of the profit and performs well in carbon reduction when the contractor has cost efficiency in carbon reduction, which is even better than the joint-undertaking contract in carbon reduction when the contractor is inefficient. The study shows the diversity of contracts on outsourcing carbon reduction significantly impacts the supply chain profitability, carbon reduction efficiency and sustainability of operations.

scholarly journals Incentive Strategies for Low-Carbon Supply Chains with Asymmetric Information of Carbon Reduction Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinpeng Wang ◽  
Longfei He
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Private Information ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Information Rent ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Information concerning carbon reduction efficiency is of great significance to supply chain operations. Considering the impact of information asymmetry on the performance of low-carbon supply chain, we therefore analyze a chain system with a single product designer and a single manufacturer. The manufacturer owns information on carbon reduction efficiency, whereas the product designer only knows that the carbon reduction efficiency of the manufacturer is either high or low. To induce the manufacturer to reveal his true private information of carbon-reduction efficiency to the product designer, we devise the pooling and separating equilibrium models to compare the impacts of these two models on supply chain performance, respectively. We find that the high-efficiency manufacturer gets his first-best choice at the equilibrium decision in the separating model, and obtains the information rent in the pooling model. The information rent increases in the efficiency difference between the two emission-reduction types. Additionally, we examine how the probability of the high (or low)-efficiency manufacturer being chosen impacts on both the profits of chain members and carbon-reduction levels. The research provides a reference for companies about how to cooperate with partner who possess private information of carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Research on Measurement and Improvement Path of Total-Factor Carbon Emission Efficiency in China's Power Industry: A Perspective of Technological Heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiping Wang ◽  
Sujing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Central Regions

Abstract Improving the total-factor carbon emission efficiency of the power industry (TCEPI) is of great significance for realizing the low-carbon development of power industry and promoting the transformation of society to green development. Considering the technological heterogeneity of different regions in China, this paper adopted the Meta-frontier Global Malmquist-Luenberger (MGML) index to measure TCEPI in 30 provinces from 2003 to 2017, and then analyzed the dynamic evolution and regional differences of TCEPI. Finally, the two-step system GMM model was used to explore the influencing factors of TCEPI. The results showed that: (1) During the survey period, the average annual growth rate of TCEPI in China was 4.2%, and average values of TCEPI in all provinces were greater than 1. The innovation effect was the key to TCEPI growth, while the catch-up effect and leading effect were not significant. (2) There was obvious technological heterogeneity in the three regions of China. TCEPI showed a decreasing trend from the western to eastern and central regions, with average annual growth rates of 5.69%, 3.66% and 2.89%, respectively, and the driving factors of each region were different. Moreover, the technology gap among the regions was constantly narrowing. (3) Both the economic development level and the R&D level had played a significant role in promoting TCEPI, while the intensity of power consumption had hindered the rise of TCEPI to a large extent. Based on the conclusions of this article, relevant policy recommendations were put forward to improve TCEPI in China.

scholarly journals LEAP-Based Greenhouse Gases Emissions Peak and Low Carbon Pathways in China’s Tourist Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Dandan Liu ◽  
Dewei Yang ◽  
Anmin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Co2 Equivalent

China has grown into the world’s largest tourist source market and its huge tourism activities and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are particularly becoming a concern in the context of global climate warming. To depict the trajectory of carbon emissions, a long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP)-Tourist model, consisting of two scenarios and four sub-scenarios, was established for observing and predicting tourism greenhouse gas peaks in China from 2017 to 2040. The results indicate that GHG emissions will peak at 1048.01 million-ton CO2 equivalent (Mt CO2e) in 2033 under the integrated (INT) scenario. Compared with the business as usual (BAU) scenario, INT will save energy by 24.21% in 2040 and reduce energy intensity from 0.4979 tons of CO2 equivalent/104 yuan (TCO2e/104 yuan) to 0.3761 Tce/104 yuan. Although the INT scenario has achieved promising effects of energy saving and carbon reduction, the peak year 2033 in the tourist industry is still later than China’s expected peak year of 2030. This is due to the growth potential and moderate carbon control measures in the tourist industry. Thus, in order to keep the tourist industry in synchronization with China’s peak goals, more stringent measures are needed, e.g., the promotion of clean fuel shuttle buses, the encouragement of low carbon tours, the cancelation of disposable toiletries and the recycling of garbage resources. The results of this simulation study will help set GHG emission peak targets in the tourist industry and formulate a low carbon roadmap to guide carbon reduction actions in the field of GHG emissions with greater certainty.

scholarly journals Discussion on the development direction of hydropower in China

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Duan Bin
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
New Era ◽  
Green Development ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Flexible Operation

Abstract Hydropower is the second largest conventional energy resource in China. It is a renewable energy with mature technology, flexible operation, cleanliness and low carbon. A hydropower project has flood control, a water supply, navigation, irrigation and other comprehensive utilization functions. The new era in China is guided by the new energy-security strategy of ‘four revolutions and one cooperation’ and the new development concept of ‘innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing’. According to the dual nature of water and electricity, this paper deepens the basic understanding of hydropower from the experience of the world, the difficult problems of hydropower in China and the long-term development of hydropower enterprises. The future direction of hydropower development is explored from the following aspects: high-quality development of follow-up hydropower projects, innovative utilization of existing hydropower value, creative pursuit of hydropower-benefit growth and high-level promotion of hydropower international cooperation.

scholarly journals Alternative method for vegetables cultivation in Benin

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Recchia ◽  
Paolo Boncinelli ◽  
Enrico Cini
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
High Level ◽  
Poor Management ◽  
Agricultural Machines

In the developing countries populations, which are already vulnerable and food insecure, are likely to be the most seriously affected by the effects of climate change, e.g. yield decreases and price increases for the most important agricultural crops. The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report for Africa describes a trend of warming at a rate faster than the global average and increasing aridity: in many parts of Africa, it seems that warmer climates and changes in precipitation will destabilise agricultural production and aggravates food security. The present work concerns the vegetables cultivation in the Parakou region in Benin, where agriculture employs approximately 70% of the active population and contributes to 36% of the Gross Domestic Product and 88% of export earnings. However, the agricultural sector has been regarded as unproductive with low adaptation capacities because of structural factors (e.g. high level of poverty among rural populations, weak mechanization and intensification of production modes), but also because of natural constraints (e.g. poor management of water and soils, leading to soil degradation). Considering the aridity, the low carbon content and the reduced level of nutrients available in the soil, the use of an hydroponic module has been hypothesised. In this way sufficient yields of the crops may be assured and no agricultural machines will be needed for the tillage operations. In addition, the nutrients can be added to the growing solution using residual materials as poultry manure, ashes and green wastes. In order to verify if some construction or maintenance problems can occur and if a growing solution can be easily obtained using agricultural wastes, some tests have been carried out. Moreover laboratory analyses have been done for different solutions that may be adopted with different shares of water, poultry manure, ashes and green wastes. The tests have indicated that the hydroponic module could be used in Benin without incurring in technical problems and that a growing solution containing poultry manure, ashes and green wastes can supply to the crops a significant amount of nutrients.

scholarly journals Public open space initiatives for healthier cities in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Ilija Gubic ◽  
Oana Baloi
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
Public Open Spaces

With a population of close to 13 million, and an annual growth rate of 2.86 percent, Rwanda plans to position itself as a climate resilient, low carbon, low unemployment, reduced poverty country, with a strong services sector by 2050. Its projected increase in its urbanization rate from a current value of 18.4 percent to 35 percent by 2024 is driven by strong political will, significant investments in infrastructure, service provision, and human capital development. Rwanda’s secondary cities, identified as economic nodes of growth, are currently undergoing revision of their masterplans in consideration of climate change realities and the pressure on infrastructure and services due to rapid urbanization. Currently, cities in Rwanda do not yet have a system of public open spaces. Where available, such spaces are usually hardly accessible and need upgrading. To address this, the Ministry of Infrastructure, Rwanda Housing Authority, City of Kigali and six secondary cities have committed to deliver on public open space related activities and targets under the yearly performance contract ‘Imihigo’. The outcomes of their commitments support the climate-responsive revision of masterplans of the City of Kigali and six secondary cities. This paper presents public open space initiatives in Kigali and the results of the technical assessment of public open spaces and participatory planning and design workshop in Nyagatare, secondary city in Rwanda’s. It also discusses ongoing policy changes and initiatives that aim to promote public open spaces as crucial for urban public health.

scholarly journals Distributed Biomanufacturing of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Hoeven ◽  
John M. X. Hughes ◽  
Mohamed Amer ◽  
Emilia Z. Wojcik ◽  
Shirley Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sterile Seawater ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Clean Air

AbstractLiquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a major domestic and transport fuel. Its combustion lessens NOx, greenhouse gas and particulates emissions compared to other fuels. Propane – the major constituent of LPG – is a clean, high value ‘drop-in’ fuel that can help governments develop integrated fuels and energy policies with low carbon burden, providing solutions to the multi-faceted challenges of future energy supply. We show that bio-LPG (bio-propane and bio-butane) can be produced by microbial conversion of waste volatile fatty acids that can be derived from anaerobic digestion, industrial waste, or CO2via photosynthesis. Bio-LPG production was achieved photo-catalytically, using biomass propagated from bioengineered bacteria includingE. coli, Halomonas(in non-sterile seawater), andSynechocystis(photosynthetic). These fuel generation routes could be implemented rapidly in advanced and developing nations of the world to meet energy needs, global carbon reduction targets and clean air directives.

scholarly journals LATEST INFORMATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FUSARIUM LANGSETHIAE, THE PRODUCER OF T-2 AND HT-2 TOXINS, IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
O. P. Gavrilova ◽  
T. Yu. Gagkaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The annual monitoring of grain contamination with Fusarium fungi and the identification of their species composition showed the widespread distribution of F. langsethiae producing dangerous T-2 and HT-2 toxins in the Northwestern and Central regions of Russia. Mycological analysis of grain samples harvested in 2018–2019 allowed revealing the new places of F. langsethiae distribution, including Urals. The top infection rate of the oats grain by F. langsethiae in 2019 reached 14 %. The identification of F. langsethiae strains was supported by PCR with species-specific primers. The analysis of toxic metabolites in F. langsethiae by the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry revealed the high level of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The considerable total amounts of T-2 and HT-2 toxins (165–1230 μg/kg) were found in the grain samples infected with this species. Further clarification of the geographical area of F. langsethiae and the study of its intraspecific diversity are needed to understand the distribution of this toxin-producing fungus.

Delivering the Good

Bird on Fire ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ross
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Growth Machine ◽  
Gila River ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
New Generation

Why did I choose to end this book with the Gila River Indian Community’s effort to win back its water? Because it is a parable about how democracy and its courts can not only serve but also be served by the quest for sustainability. The GRIC water settlement brought a long struggle for environmental justice to a triumphant conclusion. Delivering justice meant that a large portion of the region’s available resources would be sequestered from the growth machine. Instead of supplying a new generation of low-density tract housing, the water could now be used to produce healthy, local food for the area population, and, if nonindustrial agriculture prevailed, the result would be a double win for carbon reduction. Surely, this is how a green polity ought to act, redressing the claims of those who have been aggrieved, and doing it in a way that extends long-term benefits for all. If all responses to environmental injustice were able to follow suit, it would be a welcome model for moving forward. Even if the Gila River example is unlikely to be replicated in other places, its guiding spirit is a sound one. What if the key to sustainability lies in innovating healthy pathways out of poverty for populations at risk, rather than marketing green gizmos to those who already have many options to choose from? These are not mutually exclusive options, of course, but the lessons I took away from my research convinced me of the pressing need for clear alternatives to the eco-apartheid syndrome that afflicts Phoenix and so many other cities. Building a low-carbon economy by targeting only the LOHAS demographic (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability, the upmarket segment of 40 million, or 20 percent of consumers, nationally) will end up doing little more than adding a green gloss to patterns of chronic inequality. Likewise, placing all of our faith in clean-tech fixes will cede too much decision making to a closed circle of experts who, regardless of their technical prowess, will have no power to prevent the uneven application of their solutions.

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