scholarly journals Patterns of Location and Other Determinants of Retail Stores in Urban Commercial Districts in Changchun, China

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Feilong Hao ◽  
Yuxin Yang ◽  
Shijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Spatial Layouts ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
And Diffusion

Knowledge of the patterns of location of retail stores in urban areas supports the development of effective urban planning and the reasonable allocation of commercial facilities. Using point of interest data and consumer survey data in three main commercial districts in Changchun, China, this study investigates the spatial structures of commercial districts and the patterns of distribution of retail stores to assess the determinants of the development of retail stores in commercial districts. Kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for this study. The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The spatial distribution of retail stores in Changchun commercial districts generates the coexistence of a concentration in the core area and diffusion in the peripheral area. The emergence of shopping malls has challenged the traditional single-center structure, resulting in the transformation of commercial districts from single-center to multicenter layouts, while also producing a hierarchical trend in development. (2) The Chongqing Road and Hongqi Street commercial districts have a relatively high spatial concentration of retail stores. Retail stores in Guilin Road exhibit distinct characteristics, namely, stores selling textiles, clothing, and daily necessities show the highest concentration, and food, beverage, and tobacco outlets as well as integrated stores show the lowest concentration. (3) The selected locations of the differing categories of stores on Chongqing Road strongly correlate, and textile, clothing, and daily necessity stores show a high correlation with other retail categories. (4) Four main factors affect the development and spatial layout of retail in the commercial districts. First, the interaction between consumer behavior and location choice in retail stores promotes the evolution of retail formats and trends in the development of comprehensive, specialized, and hierarchical retail commercial spaces. Second, the retail format determines the spatial layouts and the historical inheritance of the format. Third, governmental planning and policies lead to the agglomeration and diffusion of commercial activities in different areas. Fourth, such spatial clustering effects are an external driving factor for integration and aggregation among retail formats.

The Modern Retail Customer's Experience on Customer Engagement: Evidence from Health and Personal Care Stores in Malaysia Using Structural Equation Modelling Approach (SEM)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Rozita Naina Mohamed ◽  
Rosidah Musa ◽  
Ramesh Krishnan ◽  
Shafinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Retail Format

Objective- The modern retail experience is about more than buying products. It's about the feeling the customer gets from being in your store, the way it makes them feel, and how it addresses the person they want to be. In today's business arena customers are prime assets for an organization and managing the customer relationship is equally critical for the organizations. This paper aims to address the emotional response of customers, which would lead to three dimensions of emotions which are a pleasure, arousal and dominance. This research was conducted in order to observe the buying behaviour of customers that shop at health and personal cares retail outlets. Methodology/Technique A hypothesized model which integrates two major antecedents of health and personal cares retail stores brand was analysed and tested rigorously using the SEM. The model was tested using 400 usable questionnaires of adult respondents who reside in chosen urban areas in Malaysia. The study has used a self-administered questionnaire distributed by using retail outlets intercept. This paper contributes to the understanding about the importance of food allergy awareness among public. Findings - - The results show that socio-demographic variables such as age, education, income level and work sector as well as modern grocery retail format, servicescape and customer emotion experience have significant positive effect of customer engagement on health and personal cares of retail stores brand. Novelty - These findings have important implications that demonstrate the originality or value for health and personal cares retail stores and consumer behaviour body of knowledge. Type of Paper Empirical Paper Keywords: Customer Emotions; Customer Engagement; Modern Retail and Health and Personal Care Stores.

Hydroponic Nutrient Control System Based on Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Herman ◽  
Demi Adidrana ◽  
Nico Surantha ◽  
Suharjito Suharjito
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Planting Method

The human population significantly increases in crowded urban areas. It causes a reduction of available farming land. Therefore, a landless planting method is needed to supply the food for society. Hydroponics is one of the solutions for gardening methods without using soil. It uses nutrient-enriched mineral water as a nutrition solution for plant growth. Traditionally, hydroponic farming is conducted manually by monitoring the nutrition such as acidity or basicity (pH), the value of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and nutrient temperature. In this research, the researchers propose a system that measures pH, TDS, and nutrient temperature values in the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) technique using a couple of sensors. The researchers use lettuce as an object of experiment and apply the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm to predict the classification of nutrient conditions. The result of prediction is used to provide a command to the microcontroller to turn on or off the nutrition controller actuators simultaneously at a time. The experiment result shows that the proposed k-NN algorithm achieves 93.3% accuracy when it is k = 5.

scholarly journals Diversity of Listeria Species in Urban and Natural Environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4420-4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Sauders ◽  
Jon Overdevest ◽  
Esther Fortes ◽  
Katy Windham ◽  
Ynte Schukken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Source ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri

ABSTRACTA total of 442Listeriaisolates, including 234Listeria seeligeri, 80L. monocytogenes, 74L. welshimeri, 50L. innocua, and 4L. marthiiisolates, were obtained from 1,805 soil, water, and other environmental samples collected over 2 years from four urban areas and four areas representing natural environments.Listeriaspp. showed similar prevalences in samples from natural (23.4%) and urban (22.3%) environments. WhileL. seeligeriandL. welshimeriwere significantly associated with natural environments (P≤ 0.0001),L. innocuaandL. monocytogeneswere significantly associated with urban environments (P≤ 0.0001). Sequencing ofsigBfor all isolates revealed 67 allelic types with a higher level of allelic diversity among isolates from urban environments. SomeListeriaspp. andsigBallelic types showed significant associations with specific urban and natural areas. Nearest-neighbor analyses also showed that certainListeriaspp. andsigBallelic types were spatially clustered within both natural and urban environments, and there was evidence that these species and allelic types persisted over time in specific areas. Our data show that members of the genusListerianot only are common in urban and natural environments but also show species- and subtype-specific associations with different environments and areas. This indicates thatListeriaspecies and subtypes within these species may show distinct ecological preferences, which suggests (i) that molecular source-tracking approaches can be developed forListeriaand (ii) that detection of someListeriaspecies may not be a good indicator forL. monocytogenes.

A Digital Terrain Modeling Method in Urban Areas by the ICESat-2 (Generating precise terrain surface profiles from photon-counting technology)

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Nahed Osama ◽  
Bisheng Yang ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Mohamed Freeshah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Terrain Surface

The ICE, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICES at-2) can provide new measurements of the Earth's elevations through photon-counting technology. Most research has focused on extracting the ground and the canopy photons in vegetated areas. Yet the extraction of the ground photons from urban areas, where the vegetation is mixed with artificial constructions, has not been fully investigated. This article proposes a new method to estimate the ground surface elevations in urban areas. The ICES at-2 signal photons were detected by the improved Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise algorithm and the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System algorithm. The Advanced Land Observing Satellite-1 PALSAR –derived digital surface model has been utilized to separate the terrain surface from the ICES at-2 data. A set of ground-truth data was used to evaluate the accuracy of these two methods, and the achieved accuracy was up to 2.7 cm, which makes our method effective and accurate in determining the ground elevation in urban scenes.

Off-price versus price-off

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 902-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Hess Jr ◽  
Lawrence Ring
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
Extreme Points ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Store Attributes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to better understand the unique competitive positioning characteristics of off-price retailers and how they compare to other types of retailers. The authors compare off-price and upscale off-price retailers with four major formats of retailers: first, discount department store/warehouse club retailers; second, moderate department store retailers; third, department store retailers; and finally, specialty department store retailers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a representative sample that was randomly drawn from four primary metropolitan cities in the USA. The data were collected using telephone interviews by a prominent, marketing research firm. A series of discriminant analyses were conducted to examine the data. Findings – The findings of the paper indicate that the off-price formats were consistently positioned at extreme points along the price/value continuum, signifying the strongest value-orientation among the other retail formats. The authors also found that while the upscale off-price format followed the specialty department stores in terms of fashion. The results point to an important disadvantage of the off-price format – although strong on price/value, they often fall short on fashion and many other store attributes that may be important to luxury-oriented customers. Research limitations/implications – The paper employed a sample from several cities collected using a telephone interview methodology within the US. Due to these limitations, the findings of this paper may be hampered by this methodology and not generalize to regions outside of the US. Future research should examine how the demise of most of the upscale off-price retailers and growth of flash web sites have changed the competitive structure of retailing. Practical implications – The results demonstrate that the positioning of the off-price retail format is unique from other formats. The retail formats occupy distinct positions. The off-price retail format is strongly associated with the price/value position but only moderately fashionable to customers, especially when compared with the department and specialty department store formats. In contrast, the upscale off-price format, while also strongly positioned along the price/value continuum, is considered much more fashionable than the off-price retail format. In fact, the upscale off-price retail format only trails the specialty department store format in terms of fashion. Originality/value – The unique characteristics of the off-price retail format and growing interest from upscale department stores underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the motives of the off-price shopper. This paper provides retailers with a more complete understanding of the store attributes that differentiate the off-price retail format from other major retail store formats. The overall objective of this study is to offer a comprehensive view of the positioning of off-price retailers compared with many alternative retail formats.

Study on Hazard Analysis Method of Earthquake Secondary Fire Disaster in Urban Area Based on GIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 3457-3461
Author(s):  
Tian Qi Li ◽  
Fei Geng
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
The City ◽  
And Diffusion

In order to study the probability of occurrence of secondary fire after the earthquake in urban areas, the probability model of the hazard analysis that the fire occurred and the spread is established and applied. Probability models need to consider the destruction level of buildings under earthquake excitation as well as the probability of the leakage and diffusion of combustible material in the buildings in the corresponding destruction level, combination of weather, season, housing density and other factors to determine the probability of the single building earthquake secondary fire. On this basis , the natural administrative areas in the city as a unit , considering the factors of regional hazard analysis such as population density , property distribution and density within a region , to calculate the hazard indicator and determine the high hazard areas of secondary fire in the city. The Geographic Information System was used as the platform, to division of urban earthquake secondary fire high-hazard areas.

scholarly journals Does Consumer‟s Retail Format Choice Decisions Distinguish among 4Cs of Marketing? Evidence from a Research on Jeans wear Retailing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S3) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Discriminant Model ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Retail Marketing ◽  
Retail Format ◽  
Retail Formats

PURPOSE: To understand consumer’s perceptions on 4 Cs of marketing (Customer solution, Customer Cost, Convenience, and Communication) and their impact on retail format choice decisions in buying jeans. This study found evidence on rarely explored research question i.e. ‘Which 4 Cs of Marketing differs among customer’s retail format choice decisions in buying jeans. DESIGN / METHODOLOGY / APPROACH: The data was collected through structured questionnaire by random mall intercept method using simple random sampling technique from 505 customers in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. A valid Discriminant model was developed to test the predictors of 4 Cs of retail attributes across two retail formats (Departmental Stores &Shopping malls). The data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. FINDINGS: Findings indicated that the classification accuracy in analysis, holdout and cross-validated sample is able to correctly classify the 4 Cs of marketing across the two retail formats.Out of the 4Cs of retail marketing attributes studied, ‘Convenience and Cost’ related attributes, differ significantly across the two retail formats (Departmental Store and Shopping malls), while for ‘Communication and Customer solution’ no significant impact was found on customer’s retail format choice decisions in buying jeans. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS: Findings from this study,aid retailers, marketers and manufacturers in understanding customer paradigm shifts in buying patterns across emerging retail formats and direct them in altering 4 Cs of marketing to serve customers better, hence increasing the overall marketing efficiency. LIMITATIONS: Despite efforts taken to represent all sections, it is appropriate to conduct such studies geographical segment-wise to be more accurate, secondly retailers’ perceptions were not considered and thirdly unorganized retail was not taken in this context. ORIGINALITY / VALUE –The researcher could not come across any studies on retail marketing attributes in specific category like jeans wear retail, especially in Indian context and hence this study would add more value in understanding customer’s buying behavior across emerging retail formats.

The impact of future cities on commuting patterns: An agent-based approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1096
Author(s):  
Marcello Marini ◽  
Anna P Gawlikowska ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Ndaona Chokani ◽  
Hubert Klumpner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Over the next 35 years, the population of Switzerland is expected to grow by 25%. One possible way to accommodate this larger population is to transform smaller cities in Switzerland through the direct intervention of urban planners. In this work, we integrate agent-based simulation models of people flow, mobility and urban infrastructure with models of the electricity and gas systems to examine the increase of the density of existing residential zones and the creation of new workplaces and commercial activities in these urban areas. This novel simulation framework is used to assess, for the year 2050, two different scenarios of urbanization in a region with small urban areas. It is shown that a densification scenario, with a preference for multi-dwelling buildings, consumes 93% less land than a sprawl scenario, with a preference for single-family houses. The former scenario also accommodates 27% more people than the latter scenario, as there is a higher penetration of battery electric vehicles – and therefore reduced air pollution from the transportation sector – and also a larger shift of commuters to the use of public transport. However, in the former scenario, the commuting time is 20% longer. The outcome of this work demonstrates how this novel simulation framework can be used to support the formulation of policies that can direct the transformation of urban areas.

Innovation

2019 ◽  
pp. 438-510
Author(s):  
Sheilagh Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion

This chapter addresses how guilds dealt with technological innovation. Innovation is a final sphere in which market failures are widespread in premodern economies, as in modern ones. On the one hand, contemporaries frequently complained that guilds blocked new techniques and practices. On the other hand, guilds were in a position to generate cartel rents, and this might have encouraged their members to incur the costs of invention. Guilds might also have encouraged diffusion of technological knowledge through compulsory apprenticeship, mandatory travelling by journeymen, or the spatial clustering of practitioners. Guilds could also affect innovation unintentionally by things they did for other reasons. Guilds thus provide a rich context for investigating the role of different institutional mechanisms in encouraging the invention and diffusion of innovations.

Store Format Influence on Customer Perception of the Store Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Susana Henriques Marques ◽  
Maria Santos
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Client Perceptions ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
Store Attributes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Store Environment ◽  
Strategic Differentiation ◽  
Retail Formats

This study compares client perceptions of the global in-store environment applied to different retail store formats. Literature has shown that certain store attributes are important strategic differentiation tools for grocery retailers. A retail atmosphere can lead to success or failure of a business. Previous studies have neglected the current trend to the coexistence of different retail formats, under different brands but within the same organization. In these cases, a multi-banner company needs to customize the atmosphere to its customers in order to gain attention. This research is about the influence of the store format on the servicescape of the grocery retail stores. A survey was conducted of 302 hyper and supermarket customers. A range of atmospherics variables were considered, including some less studied, such as temperature and cleanliness. The results show that all the dependent variables are sensitive to store format, except cleanliness.

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