scholarly journals Predictors of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among High-Risk Population Diagnosed under National Program Conditions in the Littoral Region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Teyim Pride Mbuh ◽  
Adeline Wandji ◽  
Liliane Keugni ◽  
Sandrine Mboh ◽  
Irene Ane-Anyangwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Mdr Tb

Multiple drug resistance TB (MDR-TB) has greatly jeopardized the effective control of tuberculosis in Africa. This study is aimed at determining the incidence and predictors of drug resistant-TB amongst bacteriologically diagnosed cases in the Littoral region of Cameroon. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 1665 participants were enrolled from 32 diagnostic and treatment centers (DTCs) in the Littoral region. Demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were obtained using a pretested structured questionnaire. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay and line probe assay (LPA). Consent was obtained from participant/guidance. Data analysis was carried with SPSS version 21. Univariate and multiple logistic regression was performed at 5% significance level. The incidence of rifampicin and MDR-TB was 86 (5.2%) and 75 (4.5%), respectively. More (11.3%) cases of drug resistance were diagnosed in 2016 compared to 2017 (3.7%). Eleven (0.7%) were resistant to rifampicin only. A total of 19 (4.4%) cases of rifampicin resistance were detected from newly diagnosed cases and 67 (5.4%) from previously retreated cases. Pre-XDR-TB was detected in 2 (2.7%) of the MDR-TB cases amongst whom 1 (1.3%) was extensive drug resistance TB (XDR-TB). Age greater than 60 years old ( OR = 4.98 , p = 0.047 ), being married ( OR = 1.91 , p = 0.006 ), being currently incarcerated ( OR = 1.74 , p = 0.027 ), and having contact with known TB cases ( OR = 1.88 , p = 0.007 ) were associated to MDR-TB in a univariate analysis. This study highlights the declining rates of TB drug resistance in the region over the years probably due to the introduction of Gene Xpert that results in early detection of RR-TB. It also shows that age greater than 60 years, being married, and incarcerated are predictors of drug resistant-TB, while the year of patient enrolment and previous exposure to TB treatment were independent predictors of drug resistance in the Littoral region of Cameroon.

Analisis of budget costs with different treatment efficiencies of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with multiple drug resistant pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
N.V. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.S. Lesonen ◽  
U.M. Markelov ◽  
E.D. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Gaps ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of predicting the dynamics of the spread of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) with multiple drug resistance (MDR) in the Republic of Karelia, as well as the costs of treating patients with tuberculosis, considering the different effectiveness of treatment. It has been demonstrated that while enhancing efficiency of treatment, due to the rapid determination of drug resistance by the method of polymerase chain reaction and a decrease in treatment gaps (using food kits), the effectiveness of treatment is significantly increased and the prevalence of MDR-TB decreases, which leads to significant budget savings.

scholarly journals Multiple Mechanisms Synergistically Induce Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Multiple Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Yang ◽  
Fangyan Jiao ◽  
Ousman Bajinka ◽  
Khalid A Abdelhalim ◽  
Guojun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: This study was designed to detect the molecular epidemiological characteristics and resistant mechanism of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) which provide reference for the prevention and treatment of hospital CRPA infection. Methods: 34 strains of CRPA from 2018 to 2019 were isolated and their resistance to 13 commonly used antibiotics was detected using TDR-300B Plus VitEK-2 compact automatic bacterial identification instrument. Then carbapenemase production was detected using Carbe NP test. The efflux pumps MexA and outer membrane protein OprD proteins were detected using RT-PCR and class Ⅰ integron carried with drug-resistant genes were detected using PCR and sequences analysis. Results: Among 34 strains of CRPA, 22 strains were multiple drug resistance (MDR) and 5 strains were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The results of class Ⅰ integron carried drug-resistant gene sequencing analysis showed the class Ⅰ integron mainly carried aminoglycoside or quinolone antibacterial drug resistant genes. Conclusion: Multiple mechanisms play an important role in the formation and development of MDR or XDR resistance.

The antiproliferative activity of ferrocene derivatives against drug-resistant cancer cell lines: A mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Jian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Ferrocene Derivatives ◽  
Preclinical Trial

: Cancer, a highly heterogeneous disease at intra/inter patient levels, remains a serious health problem contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite great progress in clinical treatment, the concerns impeding the success of conventional cancer chemotherapy is descending efficacy of anticancer agents due to the development of drug resistance especially multiple drug resistance (MDR). Ferrocene derivatives have a different mode of action to the platinum anticancer drugs, and the ferrocene-phenol hybrid ferrocifen exhibits potential activity against drug-resistant cancers. Currently, ferrocifen is in preclinical trial, demonstrating that ferrocene derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer candidates which are active against drug-resistant cancers. In the present review, the current scenario of ferrocene derivatives including ferrocene metal complexes, hybrids and other derivatives with antiproliferative potential against drug-resistant cancer cell lines is summarized for further rational design.

Drug-resistant genital tuberculosis of the penis in a human immunodeficiency virus non-reactive individual

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Baveja ◽  
Gumma Vidyanidhi ◽  
Manisha Jain ◽  
Trishla Kumari ◽  
V. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Superficial Ulcer

The genitourinary tract is the most common site for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Penile TB is extremely rare comprising less than 1 % of all genital TB cases in males. It most commonly presents either as a superficial ulcer on the glans or around the corona. Diagnosis of penile TB is often difficult because it can mimic numerous other diseases. The association of TB with AIDS, and the increasing incidence of multiple drug resistance has further compounded the problem. The case described herein involves a patient with multidrug-resistant smear-positive penile TB that was undiagnosed initially due to the lack of clinical suspicion of TB, and once diagnosed failed to respond to first line antitubercular drugs because of multiple drug resistance.

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance in bacterial isolates from liquid wastes generated in central hospitals of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Sharma ◽  
B Pradhan ◽  
SK Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Liquid Wastes

Background: Healthcare liquid wastes are the reservoirs of harmful infectious agents such as the pathogens and multiple drug resistant microorganisms. Potential infectious risks include the spread of infectious diseases and microbial resistance from health-care establishments into the environment and thereby posing risks of getting infections and antibiotic resistance in the communities. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the bacterial load of healthcare liquid waste generated in central hospitals and to explore the antimicrobial resistance pattern of these bacterial isolates. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 10 conveniently selected central hospitals of Nepal during the period of May to December 2008. Effluent specimens from each hospital were subjected to total viable count studies by spread plate method in nutrient agar plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C using standard laboratory protocol. Similarly, all the specimens were cultured in Mac Conkey Agar media supplemented with 30 μg/ml of Chloramphenicol and 20 μg/ml of Gentamycin for the enumeration of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, which were further subjected to in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique for resistance patterns. Results: Total viable counts of hospital effluents significantly exceeded the standard heterotrophic plate count (p=0.000). Similarly, the numbers of multiple drug resistant bacteria were alarmingly high in three (more than 30% in 2 and 50% in 1) hospitals of this study. Drug resistant hospital effluent isolates showed simultaneous resistance for most of the antibiotics including Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Cotrimoxazole, Gentamycin and Quinolones. Conclusion: Healthcare liquid wastes were laden with MDR bacteria and seemed to pose a huge public health threat in the transfer of such resistance to the bacterial pathogens causing community acquired infections, thereby limiting our antibiotic pool. Key words: Healthcare liquid waste management; viable count; multiple drug resistance; hospitals; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3220 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 1, Issue 29, 40-44

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and the ecology ofEscherichia coliplasmids

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Platt ◽  
J. S. Sommerville ◽  
C. A. Kraft ◽  
M. C. Timbury
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
High Level

SummaryFour hundred and seven clinical isolates ofEscherichia coliwere examined for the presence of plasmids. These isolates comprised 189 which were collected irrespective of antimicrobial resistance (VP) and 218 which were collected on the basis of high-level trimethoprim resistance (TPR). The VP isolates were divided into drug sensitive (VPS) and drug-resistant (VPR) subpopulations.Plasmids were detected in 88% of VP isolates (81% of VPS and 94% of VPR) and 98% of TPR isolates. The distribution of plasmids in both groups and subpopulations was very similar. However, there were small but statistically significant differences between the plasmid distributions. These showed that more isolates in the resistant groups harboured plasmids than in the sensitive subpopulation (VPS) and that the number of plasmids carried by resistant isolates was greater. Multiple drug resistance was significantly more common among TPR isolates than the VPR subpopulation and this was paralleled by increased numbers of plasmids.Fifty-eight per cent of VPR and 57% of TPR isolates transferred antimicrobial resistance and plasmids toE. coliK12. Of the R+isolates, 60% carried small plasmids (MW < 20Md) and 52% of these co-transferred with R-plasmids. These results are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of a technological platfom for creating innovative anti-tb drugs effective against multi-drug-resistant strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
V. N. Danilenko
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

This article tackles the issue of the growing morbidity and mortality caused by multi-drug-resistant (extreme drug-resistant) tuberculosis (TB). This issue is aggravated by the alarming rise of immunocompromized patients and immigration worldwide. In order to solve this problem, an interdisciplinary approach is needed. Here we offer to: (1) develop innovative diagnostic techniques for identifying dangerous lineages of TB with mutations and drug resistance genes; (2) develop antibiotics with new modes of action effective against multiple drug resistance and extreme drug-resistant strains of TB and HIV; (3) develop new genetically engineered vaccines; and, (4) develop new vaccine adjuvants based on probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium stains, with selective immunomodulatory activity.

scholarly journals HIV infection and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis: the frequency of co-infection and treatment efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
O. V. Filinyuk ◽  
A. S. Alliluev ◽  
D. E. Аmichba ◽  
P. N. Golubchikov ◽  
Yu. S. Popelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Hiv Negative

The objective of the study: in Tomsk Region, to establish the frequency of multiple drug resistance (MDR) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in new tuberculosis patients with the reference to their HIV status and to assess their treatment outcomes.Subjects and methods. The presented results were obtained from a retrospective cohort study of 788 new tuberculosis patients who were registered for MDR TB treatment at Tomsk Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center from January 2017 to April 2019.Results. In Tomsk Region, the level of primary MDR reaches 31.3% in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, while in HIV negative tuberculosis patients, this rate is 24.2%. The incidence of primary MDR/XDR MTB reaches 40% among deceased patients with TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment efficacy in MDR/XDR TB patients with associated HIV infection is low – the effective treatment was achieved only in 7.3% of them. In general (excluding the data on MTB drug resistance and antiretroviral therapy), treatment efficacy of tuberculosis patients with HIV infection is significantly lower versus HIV negative tuberculosis patients: 37.7% and 61.9%, respectively, OR 0.38 [0.28; 0.50], p = 0.001.

scholarly journals PHARMACOKINETICS OF INH AND PZA IN MDR-TB: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramya ◽  
S. Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Affected Patient ◽  
First Line ◽  
Mdr Tb

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including india. Isoniazid and pyrazinamide are powerful drugs administered as the First line and second line Anti-TB drugs in Tuberculosis affected patient. It plays a key role in shortening the TB therapy. Isoniazid (INH), and pyrazinamide (PZA) are the main drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis can acquire multiple drug resistance (MDR) by not responding to the most powerful anti-TB agents. The complications of drug resistance in TB elevates the some of the risk factors like inadequate treatment compliance, noncompliance of the patients to the treatment. Pharmacokinetics provides a basic time course of drugs and their effects in the body. These pharmacokinetic processes referred to as ADME. Key words Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, MDR, ADME, TB

Incidence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Organisms Isolated from Retail Milk Products in Hermosillo, Mexico

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. DIAZ DE AGUAYO ◽  
A. B. LEON DUARTE ◽  
F. MONTES DE OCA CANASTILLO
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Milk Samples

Retail milk samples (231) of pasteurized, whole milk powder (WMP), and ultrapasteurized (UP) were collected in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, to determine the incidence of multiple antibiotic resistance. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella were determined as well as nonpathogens such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Hafnia alvei. Drug resistance of each isolated culture was tested using the Kirby-Bauer technique. The following antibiotic discs and concentrations were used: amikacin 30 mcg, ampicillin 10 mcg, carbenicillin 100 mcg, cefamandole 30 mcg, chloramphenicol 30 mcg, erythromycin 15 mcg, gentamicin 10 mcg, kanamycin 30 mcg, nitrofurantoin 300 mcg, penicillin 10 U, polymixin B 300 U, tetracycline 30 mcg, and tobramycin 10 mcg. Sixty-seven percent of the pasteurized milk samples contained fecal coliforms with multiple drug resistance. Four percent contained Salmonella which was 100% resistant to penicillin and showed some resistance to polymixin B and chloramphenicol. S. aureus which was drug resistant was present in 2.9% of the samples. The WMP and UP samples were relatively pathogenic free; however, nonenteric coliforms were detected showing multiple drug resistance. E. coli isolated in 1 UP showed resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, polymixin B, and tetracycline. A high incidence of drug-resistant organisms in milk products represents a public health hazard in that food poisoning outbreaks would be difficult to treat and this pool of multidrug-resistant organisms in the food supply represents a reservoir for transferable resistant genes. An active surveillance and monitoring program should be mandated to minimize this risk for the consumer.

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