scholarly journals Sensation Seeking, Peer Influence, and Risk-Taking Behavior in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R. Siraj ◽  
B. Najam ◽  
S. Ghazal
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Predicted Risk

This research was conducted to explore the relationship between sensation seeking, peer influence, and risk-taking behavior in adolescents and moderating role of peer influence for sensation seeking and risk-taking behavior. A sample comprised 200 adolescents with age range 10–18 years (M = 17.57, SD = 0.98). Assessment measures included Resistance to Peer Influence Scale (Steinberg and Silverberg (1986)), Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (Prinstein et al. (2003)), and Stimulating and Instrumental Risk questionnaire (Ravert et al. (2009)) and a demographic information sheet. Findings of Pearson product moment analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between sensation seeking and risk-taking behavior in adolescents and there was a significant positive relationship between peer influences and risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Gender differences were observed; male participants scored higher on sensation seeking and risk-taking behavior than female participants, but on peer influence, females scored higher than males. Moderation analysis through hierarchical regression was conducted and findings of this analysis revealed that sensation seeking positively predicted risk-taking behavior and peer influences also positively predicted risk-taking behavior in adolescents but no interaction effect was observed between sensation seeking and peer influence in predicting risk-taking behavior. Moreover, subscales of sensation seeking, i.e., adventure seeking and disinhibition, predicted risk-taking behavior. Results are discussed in terms of their implications.

scholarly journals Risk-Taking Behavior and the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink among Australian, Dutch and UK Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Sean J. Johnson ◽  
Sarah Benson ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Chris Alford ◽  
Joris C. Verster
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Risk

The relationship between risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences is well known. The current analyses were conducted to investigate whether alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) is related to risk-taking behavior and if there is a relationship between the amount of energy drink mixed with alcohol consumed, risk-taking behavior and negative alcohol-related consequences. Data from N = 1276 AMED consuming students from the Netherlands, UK and Australia who completed the same survey were evaluated. The analysis revealed that, compared to AMED occasions, on alcohol only (AO) occasions significantly more alcohol was consumed and significantly more negative alcohol-related consequences were reported. On both AO and AMED occasions, there was a strong and positive relationship between amount of alcohol consumed, level of risk-taking behavior and number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, the level of risk-taking behavior was not clearly related to energy drink consumption. Across risk-taking levels, differences in the amount of energy drink consumed on AMED occasions did not exceed one 250 mL serving of energy drink. When correcting for the amount of alcohol consumed, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of energy drinks consumed on AMED occasions between the risk-taking groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption is clearly related to risk-taking behavior and experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, energy drink intake was not related to level of risk-taking behavior and only weakly related to the number of experienced negative alcohol-related consequences.

Sexual Coercion in the College Population: A Form of Risk-Taking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5276-5291
Author(s):  
Alisa R. Garner ◽  
Laura C. Spiller ◽  
Patrick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Outcome Expectation ◽  
College Population ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Reckless Behavior ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a decision-making model of risk-taking behavior, specifically impulsivity, positive and negative outcome expectation, and sensation seeking, can be extended to motivation for perpetration of sexual coercion. Participants included 276 sexually active college students between the ages of 18 and 25 years old who completed a set of questionnaires: (a) Sexual Experiences Survey, (b) Sensation Seeking Scales, (c) Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events, (d) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and (e) Reckless Behavior Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship between these decision-making models and sexually coercive behaviors. General risk-taking behaviors were positively correlated with acts of sexual coercion, r = .16, p < .01. The predictor variables accounted for a significant amount of the variance in sexual coercion, R2 = .11, F(4, 246) = 7.57, p < .01. Only sensation seeking contributed unique variance to our model of sexual coercion, β = .27, t = 4.06, p < .01. Interventions to reduce sexual coercion may be more successful if they target those high in risk-taking. Similarly, prevention efforts informed by research on how to engage and hold the attention of sensation seeking youth may be more successful.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ALERTNESS AND PRODUCT INNOVATIVENESS: FIRM-LEVEL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTINGENCIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150023
Author(s):  
SAMUEL ADOMAKO
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Estimation ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Firm Capabilities ◽  
Product Innovativeness ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Alertness

Although scholars have recognised that alertness is critical in identifying and exploring opportunities, empirical studies exploring when alertness drives innovation are lacking. Drawing insights from the cognitive and contingency perspectives, this study addresses this gap by arguing that variations in firm product innovativeness are a function of the degree of entrepreneurial alertness and levels of internal firm capabilities and environmental conditions. Data were collected from 385 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. This study used the hierarchical regression estimation technique to analyses the data and found a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and firm product innovativeness. Moreover, the findings showed that entrepreneurial alertness is beneficial for firms to innovate when pressures from customers and competitors are intense. Finally, the results revealed that stronger market information sharing and technological opportunism also amplify the alertness-innovativeness relationship.

Predicted risk perception and risk-taking behavior: The case of impaired driving

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Dionne ◽  
Claude Fluet ◽  
Denise Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Predicted Risk

scholarly journals Beyond Sensation Seeking: Affect Regulation as a Framework for Predicting Risk-Taking Behaviors in High-Risk Sport

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Castanier ◽  
Christine Le Scanff ◽  
Tim Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Sensation seeking has been widely studied when investigating individual differences in the propensity for taking risks. However, risk taking can serve many different goals beyond the simple management of physiological arousal. The present study is an investigation of affect self-regulation as a predictor of risk-taking behaviors in high-risk sport. Risk-taking behaviors, negative affectivity, escape self-awareness strategy, and sensation seeking data were obtained from 265 high-risk sportsmen. Moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed significant main and interaction effects of negative affectivity and escape self-awareness strategy in predicting risk-taking behaviors: high-risk sportsmen’s negative affectivity leads them to adopt risk-taking behaviors only if they also use escape self-awareness strategy. Furthermore, the affective model remained significant when controlling for sensation seeking. The present study contributes to an in-depth understanding of risk taking in high-risk sport.

Developmental changes and individual differences in risk and perspective taking in adolescence

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline A. Crone ◽  
L. Bullens ◽  
E. A. A. van der Plas ◽  
E. J. Kijkuit ◽  
P. D. Zelazo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risky Choices ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

AbstractDespite the assumed prevalence of risk-taking behavior in adolescence, the laboratory evidence of risk taking remains scarce, and the individual variation poorly understood. Drawing from neuroscience studies, we tested whether risk and reward orientation are influenced by the perspective that adolescents take when making risky decisions. Perspective taking was manipulated by cuing participants prior to each choice whether the decision was made for “self,” or from the perspective of an “other” (the experimenter in Experiment 1; a hypothetical peer in Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we show a developmental decrease in risk-taking behavior across different stages of adolescence. In addition, all age groups made fewer risky choices for the experimenter, but the difference between self and other was larger in early adolescence. In Experiment 2, we show that high sensation-seeking (SS) adolescents make more risky choices than low SS adolescents, but both groups make a similar differentiation for other individuals (low risk-taking or high risk-taking peers). Together, the results show that younger adolescents and high SS adolescents make more risky choices for themselves, but can appreciate that others may make fewer risky choices. The developmental change toward more rational decisions versus emotional, impulsive decisions may reflect, in part, more efficient integration of others’ perspectives into one's decision making. These developmental results are discussed regarding brain systems important for risk taking and perspective taking.

scholarly journals Role of Managerial Competencies and Risk-Taking Behavior in Financial Service Outreach of Microfinance Banks in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Fozia Taj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Managerial Competencies ◽  
Managerial Risk ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the managerial risk-taking, managerial competencies and financial service outreach of microfinance banks in Pakistan. Primary data was collected from 36 branches of microfinance banks (MFBs) in nine cities. The unit of investigation is the branch manager and senior credit officer of each MFB branch. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression, are used for data analysis. This study found a positive relationship between financial service outreach of MFBs and managerial competencies; financial service outreach also has a positive relationship with the risk-taking behavior of managers. There is a positive relationship between risk-taking behavior and financial service outreach of banks. The risk-taking behavior partially mediates the relationship between the managerial competencies and financial service outreach. The magnitude of the relationship between managerial competencies and outreach is significant, and its magnitude reduces when there is the mediation of managerial risk-taking behavior between them. Thus, managerial competencies, along with risk-taking behavior are the keys drivers of financial service outreach of MFBs. This study informs MFB’s top management and policymakers that competencies of managers and their calculated risk-taking propensities determined outreach performance of the MFBs.

scholarly journals Preprint of “How does peer competition modulates risk-taking behavior: Evidence from Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chen Zhang ◽  
Kai Dou
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The relation between peer influence and risk-taking behaviors has received extensive empirical attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of whether how two-way conflicting context influences risk-taking behaviors still remain unclear. To this end, the current study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how peer competition affects risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. Twenty-four college students completed a Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) under two contexts: single and peer competition condition. Behavioral results showed that participants prefer risk aversion in competitive context. ERPs results showed that participants induce higher N2 under peer competition in the decision-making phase. In the feedback phase, a higher P300 was observed in single condition while a more negative feedback-related negativity (FRN) was showed after loss feedback. Results are in line with social comparison theory and reinforcement learning theory. The specific effect of peer influence on risk-taking behavior has been discussed.

scholarly journals What Difference Does it Make? Risk-Taking Behavior in Obesity after a Loss is Associated with Decreased Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Asier Juaneda-Seguí ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín ◽  
Nuria Vilarrasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Risky Choices ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Altered activity in decision-making neural circuitry may underlie the maladaptive food choices found in obesity. Here, we aimed to identify the brain regions purportedly underpinning risk-taking behavior in individuals with obesity. Twenty-three adult women with obesity and twenty-three healthy weight controls completed the Risky Gains Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This task allows participants to choose between a safe option for a small, guaranteed monetary reward and risky options with larger rewards. fMRI analyses comparing losing trials to winning trials found that participants with obesity presented decreased activity in the left anterior insula in comparison to controls (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Moreover, left insula activation during losses vs. wins was negatively correlated with UPPS-P questionnaire sensation seeking scores. During safe vs. risky trials following a loss, the control group exhibited increased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected) in comparison to the OB group. Moreover, vmPFC response in the obesity group during post-loss trials was negatively correlated with risky choices on the task overall. As a whole, our findings support that diminished tuning of the insula towards interoceptive signals may lead to a lack of input to the vmPFC when weighing the costs and benefits of risky choices.

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