scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Varieties Cultivated in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sooriya Arachchige Sachini Jayawardana ◽  
Jayanetti Koralalage Ramani Radhika Samarasekera ◽  
Gardhi Hettiarachchige Chamari Madhu Hettiarachchi ◽  
Jaanaki Gooneratne ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The prevalence of inflammatory-mediated and oxidative stress-associated diseases is increasing worldwide, creating an increasing demand for novel sources of anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants. This study was focused on determining the in vitro arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (A5-LOX), xanthine oxidase (XO), hyaluronidase and oxidative burst inhibitory activities, and antioxidant properties of Ravi, Rawana, and Oshadha finger millet varieties using ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Among all extracts, the methanolic extract of Oshadha exhibited the highest A5-LOX (IC50 value: 484.42 μg/ml) and XO (IC50 value: 764.34 μg/ml) inhibitory activities. All extracts showed less than 50% hyaluronidase inhibitory activity at 1 mg/ml concentration. Methanolic extracts showed moderate inhibitory potential on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from whole blood phagocytes, with IC50 values ranging between 26.9 and 27.7 μg/ml, when compared to ibuprofen (IC50 value: 11.18 μg/ml). All extracts showed potent inhibition of ROS produced from polymorphonuclear neutrophils isolated from human blood when compared to ibuprofen (IC50 value: 2.47 μg/ml) and IC50 values of methanolic and ethanolic extracts ranged from 0.29 to 0.47 μg/ml and 1.35 to 1.70 μg/ml, respectively. All extracts had significantly high amounts of phenolic compounds including flavonoids and the potential to scavenge 2,2 ′ -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) cation, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radicals. Besides, they were able to reduce metal ions and chelate metal ions terminating radical generating reactions. This is the first report of A5-LOX, XO, hyaluronidase, and oxidative burst inhibitory properties of any extract of any finger millet variety cultivated in Sri Lanka. The findings revealed the potential of using these finger millet extracts as natural sources of anti-inflammatory drug candidates. Additionally, the findings indicated that Ravi, Rawana, and Oshadha varieties are good sources of antioxidants. Therefore, consumption of these finger millet varieties on a regular basis may play an important role in the prevention and dietary management of oxidative stress-associated diseases.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide (NO) radical inhibitory of hedyotis philippinensis and its marker compound, asperuloside

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Norzehan Mohamad Mahbob ◽  
Rohaya Ahmad ◽  
Syahida Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
No Production ◽  
Marker Compound ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophage

Hedyotis spesies have been used in Chinese folk medicine as a treatment for colds, stomatitis and various inflammations. In this study, three methanolic extracts of Hedyotis species (Hedyotis corymbosa, Hedyotis havilandii and Hedyotis philippinensis) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. The plant extracts along with asperuloside, the marker compound of H. philippinensis were tested for their anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon- (IFN-)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Among the three species, H. philippinensis (leaves and stems) showed good NO radical inhibitory activity (with IC50 values of 139.76±12.50 and 176.21±2.48 g/ml, respectively). Asperuloside, isolated as a major compound from the plant moderately inhibited LPS/IFN--induced NO production by 63% at a concentration of 100 M (45% cell viability) compared to L-NAME (77 %). Its IC50 value was found to be 75.45±2.25 M. Its inhibition was also found to be dose-dependent.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization and Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Polyphenols from Melastoma normale

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3913
Author(s):  
Rui-Jie He ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yong-Lin Huang ◽  
Ya-Feng Wang ◽  
Bing-Yuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Structure Identification ◽  
No Production ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Successful Isolation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Polyphenols, widely distributed in the genus Melastoma plants, possess extensive cellular protective effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-obesity, which makes it a potential anti-inflammatory drug or enzyme inhibitor. Therefore, the aim of this study is to screen for the anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities of compounds from title plant. Using silica gel, MCI, ODS C18, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, as well as semipreparative HPLC, the extract of Melastoma normale roots was separated. Four new ellagitannins, Whiskey tannin C (1), 1-O-(4-methoxygalloyl)-6-O-galloyl-2,3-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucose (2), 1-O-galloyl-6-O-(3-methoxygalloyl)-2,3-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucose (3), and 1-O-galloyl-6-O-vanilloyl-2,3-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucose (4), along with eight known polyphenols were firstly obtained from this plant. The structures of all isolates were elucidated by HRMS, NMR, and CD analyses. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW2 64.7 cells, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1–4, unfortunately, none of them exhibit inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production, their IC50 values are all > 50 μM. Anti-tyrosinase activity assays was done by tyrosinase inhibition activity screening model. Compound 1 showed weak tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 426.02 ± 11.31 μM. Compounds 2–4 displayed moderate tyrosinase inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the range of 124.74 ± 3.12–241.41 ± 6.23 μM. The structure–activity relationships indicate that hydroxylation at C-3′, C-4′, and C-3 in the flavones were key to their anti-tyrosinase activities. The successful isolation and structure identification of ellagitannin provide materials for the screening of anti-inflammatory drugs and enzyme inhibitors, and also contribute to the development and utilization of M. normale.

scholarly journals In vitro Antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant proprities of Rosemary extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2305-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Ali ◽  
Kais Mnafgui ◽  
Abdelfattah Feki ◽  
Mohamed Damak ◽  
Noureddine Allouche
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
First Time

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Hence, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of rosemary extracts on key-enzymes related to diabetes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties in vitro. The IC50 values of Rosemary essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts against α-amylase were 28.36, 34.11 and 30.39 µg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 32.25, 36.64 and 34.07 µg/mL, suggesting strong anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Rosemary. The methanolic extract was found to be the highest in levels of phenolic (282.98 µgGAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (161.05 µg QE /mg extract) contents as well as in the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 15.82 µg/mL) as compared to other extracts ethyl acetate (IC50 = 32.23 µg/mL) and essential oil  (IC50 = 96.12 µg/mL).Antioxidant efficacy of Rosemary extracts has been estimated in the stabilization of sunflower oil (SFO) at three different concentrations, i.e. 200 (SFO-200), 500 (SFO-500) and 1000 ppm (SFO-1000). Results showed the highest efficiency of SFO-1000.The results obtained in this study demonstrated for the first time that Rosemary is a potent source of natural inhibitors of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase with powerful antioxidants proprieties that might be used in the food stabilization and the prevention of diabetes and obesity complications as a complementary pharmacological drug.

scholarly journals Comparative account of vitamin C contents, antioxidant properties and iron contents of minor fruits in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashini Imalsha Abeysuriya ◽  
Vajira P Bulugahapitiya ◽  
Loku Pullukkutige Jayatissa
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Ic50 Values

Sri Lanka is a habitat of diverse fruit varieties; nevertheless 95% of them are underutilized by people due to unawareness of their nutritional values and health aspects, and hence become ‘minor fruits’. This study was aimed on revealing vitamin C, iron and antioxidant contents of 29 varieties of minor fruits (MFs) with the comparison of the same with three best commonly consumable fruits (CFs), namely Carica papaya, Mangifera indica and Psidium guajava. Ascorbic acid (Asc), dehydroascorbic acid (DAsc), vitamin C (TC), phenolic (TP), flavonoid (TF), iron (Fe) contents and antioxidant capacities (AOCs) of fruits were determined using standard methods. The results of mean Asc, DAsc, TC, TP, TF and Fe contents in 100 gm of MFs ranged from 3.1 to 121.5 mg, 1.2 to 70.7 mg, 6.6 to 136.1 mg, 24.9 to 1613.3 mg Gallic acid equivalent, 6.2 to 228.0 mg Quercetin equivalents and 0.2 to 4.9 mg respectively. DPPH and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays were used for AOCs and variation of IC50 values in a DPPH assay was 1.2 to 245.4 mg/ml whereas FRAP values ranged from 9.6 to 486.7 ?mol FeSO4/gm. Among the studied minor fruits, Melastoma malabathricum (Maha bovitiya/ Malabar melastome) is found as the best respect to all considered parameters. As a conclusion, it can be stated that, the Sri Lankan minor fruits are good alternatives to the common fruits as they are recognized as good source of vitamin C, iron and higher content of antioxidants. As an outcome, Sri Lankan minor fruits can be promoted as alternatives to common fruits and as source of revenue for national economy.

scholarly journals Chenopodium album L. and Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.: Phytochemical Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Valentina Amodeo ◽  
Mariangela Marrelli ◽  
Veronica Pontieri ◽  
Roberta Cassano ◽  
Sonia Trombino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Spontaneous edible plants have an old history of use in popular traditions all around the world, and the rediscovery of these species could also be useful for the search of new drugs. Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) and Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (Brassicaceae) are two annual plants traditionally used both as food and herbal remedies against inflammatory disorders. In this work, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of these plant species have been investigated, together with their antioxidant potential. The phytochemical composition was assessed as well by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The antioxidant properties were assessed using the DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The ability of extracts to protect against lipid peroxidation was also examined in rat-liver microsomal membranes. All the samples showed a preservation of antioxidant activity up to 60 min. A significant inhibitory activity on the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide was induced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by the dichloromethane fraction of C. album extract, with an IC50 value equal to 81.7 ± 0.9 μg/mL. The same sample showed also a concentration-dependent anti-denaturation effect on heat-treated bovine serum albumin (IC50 = 975.6 ± 5.5 μg/mL), even if the best in vitro anti-arthritic activity was observed for the dichloromethane fraction of S. officinale extract, with an IC50 value of 680.9 ± 13.2 μg/mL.

Isoprenylated Phenolic Compounds from Morus macroura as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (05) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Liangjin Xu ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
Lixin Niu ◽  
Chunyue Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
New Compounds

AbstractThree new Diels-Alder adducts, macrourins E – G (1–3), one new 2-arylbenzofuran, macrourin H (4), and eight known Diels-Alder adducts (5–12) were isolated from Morus macroura. Their structures were elucidated through extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. The 1H NMR and ECD trends in the determination of the configurations of these Diels-Alder adducts were summarized. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of all compounds isolated were evaluated, and the new compounds (1–4) as well as the eight known compounds (5–12) were found to be potent with IC50 values ranging from 0.39 to 4.54 µM. Among them, 1 showed the best tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.39 µM, approximately 50 times stronger than the positive control, kojic acid.

scholarly journals 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging activity of extracts from roots and leaves of Searsia burchellii

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
M.S. Mpopo ◽  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

Searsia burchellii finds therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. Methanolic extracts, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol/water fractions of methanolic extracts and water extracts were obtained separately from the roots and leaves of Searsia burchellii by the combination of maceration, hot solvent extraction and solvent-solvent partition techniques. These extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging assay (DPPH). The extracts from roots and their fractions showed radical scavenging activity ranging from 6.60±4.50 to 63.27±1.93% at various concentrations. Similarly, the extracts from leaves and their fractions showed radical scavenging activity ranging from 3.32±0.95 to 64.91±0.15% at various concentrations. Ascorbic acid served as positive control which showed radical scavenging activity ranging from 53.62±2.80 to 60.82±0.62% at various concentrations. The IC50 values of these extracts and fractions were found to be < 200 to > 3000 µg/mL. The IC50 value of ascorbic acid was found to be <200 µg/mL. From this study, we concluded that extracts and their fractions from S. burchellii showed promising radical scavenging activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Caesalpinia volkensii Harms., Vernonia lasiopus O. Hoffm., and Acacia hockii De Wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Beatrice Muthoni Guchu ◽  
Alex King’ori Machocho ◽  
Stephen Kiruthi Mwihia ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Oxidative stress is the result of the disparity between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in an organism, and it is important in the pathogenesis of several degenerative disorders, such as arthritis, Alzheimer’s, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Free radicals can damage biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carbohydrates, and the DNA leading to mutations. The use of antioxidants is effective in delaying the oxidation of biomolecules. Antioxidants are complexes found in the food that can retard or deter oxidation by preventing the initiation and propagation of oxidizing chain reactions. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries by man to manage diseases and have a host of antioxidant complexes. Traditionally, Caesalpinia volkensii, Vernonia lasiopus, and Acacia hockii have folkloric remedies against associated oxidative stress-mediated complications. However, the upsurge in its use has not been accompanied by scientific validations to support these claims. In this study, in vitro antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia volkensii, Vernonia lasiopus, and Acacia hockii collected from Embu County (Kenya) were determined by radical scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical in addition to ferric reducing antioxidant power analyzed against that of L-ascorbic acid as the standard. The obtained results revealed remarkable antioxidant activities of the studied plant extracts as evidenced by the low IC50 and EC50 values. These antioxidant activities could be due to the presence of antioxidants phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and saponins among others. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of this plant could be due to their antioxidant properties. This study recommends bioassay of the extracts against oxidative stress-related disorders for development of phytomedicine with antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Commercial Spagyric Tinctures of Harpagophytum procumbens and Their Antioxidant Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinarosa Avato ◽  
Maria Pia Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Devil’S Claw ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Harpagophytum Procumbens ◽  
Chemical Fingerprinting ◽  
Ic50 Values

Preparations from the dried tubers of Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC ex Meisn, commonly known as devil’s claw, are mainly used in modern medicine to relieve joint pain and inflammation in patients suffering from rheumatic and arthritic disorders. This paper describes for the first time the chemical profile of a commercial spagyric tincture (named 019) prepared from the roots of the plant. For comparison purposes, a commercial not-spagyric devil’s claw tincture (NST) was also analyzed. Chemical investigation of the content of specialized metabolites in the three samples indicated that harpagoside was the main compound, followed by the two isomers acteoside and isoacteoside. Compositional consistence over time was obtained by the chemical fingerprinting of another spagyric tincture (named 014) from the same producer that was already expired according to the recommendation on the label of the product. The two spagyric preparations did not show significant compositional differences as revealed by HPLC and MS analyses, except for a decrease in harpagide content in the expired 014 tincture. Moreover, their antioxidant capacities as assessed by 2,2’-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.2’-azin-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods resulted in very similar IC50 values. The expired 014 tincture showed instead a lower IC50 value compared to the 019 and NST tinctures with the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, indicating a higher ferric-reducing antioxidant ability. Overall, these results indicated that the two preparations could generally maintain good stability and biological activity at least for the four years from the production to the expiration date.

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