scholarly journals Lipolytic and Lipophagic Effects of Pinellia ternata Pharmacopuncture on Localized Adiposity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haesu Lee ◽  
Mi Hye Kim ◽  
Seong Chul Jin ◽  
Jae Min Han ◽  
Jun Hyuk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pinellia Ternata ◽  
Localized Adiposity

Localized adiposity is not only a common aesthetic issue but also a health risk factor. Pharmacopuncture can be a therapeutic option for the imbalance of regional fat distribution. The tuber of Pinellia ternata has been prescribed as antitussive and expectorant as a traditional Korean medicine. This study investigated the effects of pharmacopuncture with P. ternata water extract (PT) on localized adiposity. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. 100 μL of 10 mg/mL of PT was injected into the left-side inguinal fat pad, while saline was injected into the right-side inguinal fat pad as self-control. Treatments were performed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The inguinal fat weight was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PT pharmacopuncture significantly decreased the weight of the inguinal fat pad. The adipocyte size was reduced with increases of lipolytic enzymes and lipophagy-related factors by PT pharmacopuncture. There was marked inhibition of lipid accumulation content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by PT treatment. The expressions of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), autophagy-related gene (ATG) 5, ATG7, and LC3 were markedly increased by PT treatments in vivo and in vitro. This study suggests that pharmacopuncture of Pinellia ternata has ameliorative effects on adiposity by lipid catabolic effects via activating both lipolysis and lipophagy in a localized region.

Inhibitory effects of epimedium herb water extract on the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
YC Oh ◽  
YH Jeong ◽  
WK Cho ◽  
SJ Lee ◽  
JY Ma
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2610-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
Muhammad S. Kalhoro ◽  
Dildar H. Kalhoro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Background: Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases. Results: Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models. Conclusion: Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.

Effects of in vitro low oxygen tension preconditioning of buccal fat pad stem cells on in Vivo articular cartilage tissue repair

Life Sciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 119728
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Dehghani Nazhvani ◽  
Leila Mohammadi Amirabad ◽  
Arezo Azari ◽  
Hamid Namazi ◽  
Simzar Hosseinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Buccal Fat Pad ◽  
Low Oxygen Tension

scholarly journals Circular RNA FLNA acts as a sponge of miR-486-3p in promoting lung cancer progression via regulating XRCC1 and CYP1A1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiongwei Pan ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Zhangyong Yin ◽  
Xiaoping Cai ◽  
Enhui Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Related Factors

AbstractSignificantly high-expressed circFLNA has been found in various cancer cell lines, but not in lung cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of circFLNA in the progression of lung cancer. The target gene of circFLNA was determined by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay. Viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of the transfected cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, wound-healing, and transwell assays, respectively. A mouse subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model was established, and the expressions of circFLNA, miR-486-3p, XRCC1, CYP1A1, and related genes in the cancer cells and tissues were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot, or immunohistochemistry. The current study found that miR-486-3p was low-expressed in lung cancer. MiR-486-3p, which has been found to target XRCC1 and CYP1A1, was regulated by circFLNA. CircFLNA was located in the cytoplasm and had a high expression in lung cancer cells. Cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were promoted by overexpressed circFLNA, XRCC1, and CYP1A1 but inhibited by miR-486-3p mimic and circFLNA knockdown. The weight of the xenotransplanted tumor was increased by circFLNA overexpression yet reduced by miR-486-3p mimic. Furthermore, miR-486-3p mimic reversed the effect of circFLNA overexpression on promoting lung cancer cells and tumors and regulating the expressions of miR-486-3p, XRCC1, CYP1A1, and metastasis/apoptosis/proliferation-related factors. However, overexpressed XRCC1 and CYP1A1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-486-3p mimic on cancer cells and tumors. In conclusion, circFLNA acted as a sponge of miR-486-3p to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by regulating XRCC1 and CYP1A1.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Identification of Organic Compounds from Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (Zhiheshouwu) by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Shaoyun Wang ◽  
Xiaozhu Sun ◽  
Shuo An ◽  
Fang Sang ◽  
Yunli Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP), as the processed product of tuberous roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines, with a long history. However, in recent years, liver adverse reactions linked to PMRP have been frequently reported. Our work attempted to investigate the chemical constituents of PMRP for clinical research and safe medication. In this study, an effective and rapid method was established to separate and characterize the constituents in PMRP by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). Based on the accurate mass measurements for molecular and characteristic fragment ions, a total of 103 compounds, including 24 anthraquinones, 21 stilbenes, 15 phenolic acids, 14 flavones, and 29 other compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Forty-eight compounds were tentatively characterized from PMRP for the first time, and their fragmentation behaviors were summarized. There were 101 components in PMRP ethanol extract (PMRPE) and 91 components in PMRP water extract (PMRPW). Simultaneously, the peak areas of several potential xenobiotic components were compared in the detection, which showed that PMRPE has a higher content of anthraquinones and stilbenes. The obtained results can be used in pharmacological and toxicological research and provided useful information for further in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Streptococcal Adhesion and Colonization

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Jenkinson ◽  
RJ Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Acellular Vaccines

Streptococci express arrays of adhesins on their cell surfaces that facilitate adherence to substrates present in their natural environment within the mammalian host. A consequence of such promiscuous binding ability is that streptococcal cells may adhere simultaneously to a spectrum of substrates, including salivary glycoproteins, extracellular matrix and serum components, host cells, and other microbial cells. The multiplicity of streptococcal adherence interactions accounts, at least in part, for their success in colonizing the oral and epithelial surfaces of humans. Adhesion facilitates colonization and may be a precursor to tissue invasion and immune modulation, events that presage the development of disease. Many of the streptococcal adhesins and virulence-related factors are cell-wall-associated proteins containing repeated sequence blocks of amino acids. Linear sequences, both within the blocks and within non-repetitive regions of the proteins, have been implicated in substrate binding. Sequences and functions of these proteins among the streptococci have become assorted through gene duplication and horizontal transfer between bacterial populations. Several adhesins identified and characterized through in vitro binding assays have been analyzed for in vivo expression and function by means of animal models used for colonization and virulence. Information on the molecular structure of adhesins as related to their in vivo function will allow for the rational design of novel acellular vaccines, recombinant antibodies, and adhesion agonists for the future control or prevention of streptococcal colonization and streptococcal diseases.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effects of Puerarin-V on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction Mice Is Associated with Regulation of PPAR-Υ/NF-κB Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Li ◽  
Tianyi Yuan ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
Yucai Chen ◽  
Shuchan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Puerarin is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a new advantageous crystal form of puerarin, puerarin-V, has been developed. However, the cardioprotective effects of puerarin-V on myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure are still unclear. In this research, we aim to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of puerarin-V on the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. To induce MI in C57BL/6 mice, ISO was administered at 40 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 h for three times in total. The mice were randomly divided into nine groups: (1) control; (2) ISO; (3) ISO + puerarin injection; (4–9) ISO + puerarin-V at different doses and timings. After treatment, cardiac function was evaluated by electrocardiogram (ECG), biochemical and histochemical analysis. In vitro inflammatory responses and apoptosis were evaluated in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced PPAR-Υ/NF-κB and subsequently activation of cytokines were assessed by the western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Administration of puerarin-V significantly inhibits the typical ST segment depression compared with that in MI mice. Further, puerarin-V treatment significantly improves ventricular wall infarction, decreases the incidence of mortality, and inhibits the levels of myocardial injury markers. Moreover, puerarin-V treatment reduces the inflammatory milieu in the heart of MI mice, thereby blocking the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). The beneficial effects of puerarin-V might be associated with the normalization in gene expression of PPAR-Υ and PPAR-Υ/NF-κB /ΙκB-α/ΙΚΚα/β phosphorylation. In the in vitro experiment, treatment with puerarin-V (0.3, 1 and 3 μM) significantly reduces cell death and suppresses the inflammation cytokines expression. Likewise, puerarin-V exhibits similar mechanisms. The cardioprotective effects of puerarin-V treatment on MI mice in the pre + post-ISO group seem to be more prominent compared to those in the post-ISO group. Puerarin-V exerts cardioprotective effects against ISO-induced MI in mice, which may be related to the activation of PPAR-γ and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our research provides a new therapeutic option for the treatment of MI in clinic.

scholarly journals Albumin Enhances Caspofungin Activity against Aspergillus Species by Facilitating Drug Delivery to Germinating Hyphae

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Ioannou ◽  
Aggeliki Andrianaki ◽  
Tonia Akoumianaki ◽  
Irene Kyrmizi ◽  
Nathaniel Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type

The modestin vitroactivity of echinocandins againstAspergillusimplies that host-related factors augment the action of these antifungal agentsin vivo. We found that, in contrast to the other antifungal agents (voriconazole, amphotericin B) tested, caspofungin exhibited a profound increase in activity against variousAspergillusspecies under conditions of cell culture growth, as evidenced by a ≥4-fold decrease in minimum effective concentrations (MECs) (P= 0. 0005). Importantly, the enhanced activity of caspofungin againstAspergillusspp. under cell culture conditions was strictly dependent on serum albumin and was not observed with the other two echinocandins, micafungin and anidulafungin. Of interest, fluorescently labeled albumin bound preferentially on the surface of germinatingAspergillushyphae, and this interaction was further enhanced upon treatment with caspofungin. In addition, supplementation of cell culture medium with albumin resulted in a significant, 5-fold increase in association of fluorescently labeled caspofungin withAspergillushyphae (P< 0.0001). Collectively, we found a novel synergistic interaction between albumin and caspofungin, with albumin acting as a potential carrier molecule to facilitate antifungal drug delivery toAspergillushyphae.

scholarly journals N-Cadherin Upregulation Promotes the Neurogenic Differentiation of Menstrual Blood-Derived Endometrial Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Fen Yang ◽  
Shengying Liang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Sulei Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Menstrual Blood ◽  
Neurogenic Differentiation ◽  
Endometrial Stem Cells ◽  
Medical Disorders

Peripheral nerve injuries are typically caused by either trauma or medical disorders, and recently, stem cell-based therapies have provided a promising treatment approach. Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs) are considered an ideal therapeutic option for peripheral nerve repair due to a noninvasive collection procedure and their high proliferation rate and immunological tolerance. Here, we successfully isolated MenSCs and examined their biological characteristics including their morphology, multipotency, and immunophenotype. Subsequent in vitro studies demonstrated that MenSCs express high levels of neurotrophic factors, such as NT3, NT4, BDNF, and NGF, and are capable of transdifferentiating into glial-like cells under conventional induction conditions. Moreover, upregulation of N-cadherin (N-cad) mRNA and protein expression was observed after neurogenic differentiation. In vivo studies clearly showed that N-cad knockdown via in utero electroporation perturbed the migration and maturation of mouse neural precursor cells (NPCs). Finally, a further transfection assay also confirmed that N-cad upregulation in MenSCs results in the expression of S100. Collectively, our results confirmed the paracrine effect of MenSCs on neuroprotection as well as their potential for transdifferentiation into glial-like cells and demonstrated that N-cad upregulation promotes the neurogenic differentiation of MenSCs, thereby providing support for transgenic MenSC-based therapy for peripheral nerve injury.

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