scholarly journals Design and Operation of Effective Landfills with Minimal Effects on the Environment and Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gulnihal Ozbay ◽  
Morgan Jones ◽  
Mohana Gadde ◽  
Shehu Isah ◽  
Tahera Attarwala
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Landfill Management ◽  
The Impact

Totaling at 7.4 billion people, the world’s population is rapidly growing, bringing along with it an increase in waste generation. The impact of this exponential increase in waste generation has resulted in the increased formation and utilization of landfills. In the present day, landfills are utilized to dispose of chemical, hazardous, municipal, and electronic wastes. However, despite their convenience, most landfills are improperly managed and face constant changes from the surrounding environment that interfere with their internal landfill processes. The objectives of this mixed review are to highlight the negative impacts landfills have on the environment and public health as well as outline the need for proper management practices to mitigate these effects. Inadequate management of landfills leads to issues concerning leachate collection and landfill gas (LFG) generation, which give rise to groundwater contamination and air pollution. This paper recognizes the disadvantages of utilizing landfills as the main disposal method by focusing on these two primary effects that improper management of landfills has on the environment and human health. Many experts have also reported that communities within close proximity to improperly managed landfills have an increased risk of health issues. Apart from implementing proper landfill management practices, it is important to develop solutions to reduce waste generation altogether. This review discusses some of the innovative methods implemented by other countries to reduce landfill waste and the production of greenhouse gases as well as possible steps individuals can take to minimize their ecological footprints.

Role of Nutraceuticals in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: A Review in the Indian Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Sheena Chhabra ◽  
Apurva Bakshi ◽  
Ravineet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Specific Health

Nutraceuticals have been around for quite some time. As the nomenclature suggests, they are placed somewhere between food (nutra-) and medicine (-ceuticals) in terms of their impact on human health. Researches have focused on the impact of various types of nutraceuticals on health, their efficacy in health promotion and disease prevention, and often on suitable uses of certain categories of nutraceuticals for specific health issues. However, we are still far from utilizing the immense potential of nutraceuticals for benefiting human health in a substantial manner. We review the available scholarly literature regarding the role of nutraceuticals in health promotion, their efficacy in disease prevention and the perception of nutraceuticals' health benefits by consumers. Thereafter we analyze the need for regulation of nutraceuticals and various provisions regarding the same.

scholarly journals Cross sectional analysis of depression and stress in medical students

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Jones ◽  
Deborah Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Medical student wellbeing is a topic of growing concern. Medical students experience high levels of stress and burnout and are at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation compared to the general population. Even more concerning, medical students are disproportionately less likely to seek help for their mental health issues. Identifying and preventing these problems early can have lasting positive consequences over the course of a physician’s lifetime. We implemented a wellness program at our medical school in the spring of 2016 with the goals of decreasing burnout and depression, heightening awareness of mental health issues, and encouraging help-seeking behaviors. To analyze the impact of our program, we have implemented a quality assurance survey. Here we report lifestyle factors associated with positive screens for depression from that data and propose institutional initiatives that can be spearheaded by medical students for medical students to impact positive change.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Impact of Mobile Communication System on Social Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Ashraful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Mobile technology has a tremendous capacity to connect people. It also brought a revolutionary change in day-to-day activities and in various sectors such as entertainment, health, agriculture, employment, revenue earning and social change. It has also some negative impacts like cellphone addiction, wasting time, distraction and radiation-related health issues. This paper focuses on the impacts of mobile technology in Bangladesh perspective. Both secondary and primary data have been used to conduct this survey. The result shows that mobile phone technology and their providers make a significant contribution to GDP and directly and indirectly generated 0.80 million jobs in Bangladesh. The most important finding is young people prefer internet or social sites to television, and the duration of spending leisure in mobile phone is increased significantly whether spending time with family, reading newspaper-books decreased remarkably. Result also shows that the internet has more negative impacts on younger people than on older ones. The effect of radiation from mobile device and mobile tower, and ways to reduce its risk have been discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals The Influence of Human Interference on Zooplankton and Fungal Diversity in Poyang Lake Watershed in China

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Haiming Qin ◽  
Xinyi Cao ◽  
Lanyue Cui ◽  
Qian Lv ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beneficial Fungi

The Poyang water system in Jiangxi Province, China, is important for floodwater storage, diversity maintenance, and the economy of the Poyang Lake watershed. In recent years, pollution has destroyed the ecosystem and impacted human health and the related economy. The water quality of the Poyang Lake watershed and the impact of human interference must be assessed. Conventional analysis and high-throughput sequencing were used to evaluate the structure of both zooplankton and fungi in six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed under different anthropogenic influences. The sub-lakes included were Dahuchi Lake (in natural preserve, DHC), Shahu Lake (in natural reserve, SH), Nanhu Lake (out of natural preserve, NH), Zhelinhu Lake (artificial reservoir, ZLH), Sixiahu Lake (agricultural lake artificially isolated from Poyang Lake, SXH), and Qianhu Lake (urban lake, QH). The densities and biomass of the zooplankton in DHC, SH, NH were higher compared with those in SXH, ZLH and QH (p < 0.05). Zooplankton distribution of SXH was the most strongly associated with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), while QH was highly associated with pH, conductivity (Cond), and water temperature (WT). For fungal diversity, a large number of beneficial fungi, Basidiomycota (phylum level) and Massarina (genus level) were obtained from DHC (55.3% and 27.5%, respectively), SH (54.4% and 28.9%, respectively), and NH (48.6% and 1.4%, respectively), while a large number of pathogenic Chytridiomycota (at phylum level) were identified from SXH (21.0%), ZLH (5.5%), and QH (7.5%). Manmade pollutants have impacted the natural hydrology and water quality and promoted variation between the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes, reducing the relative abundance of beneficial fungi and increasing the number of pathogens in the environment, which threatens human health and economic production. Understanding the diversity among the zooplankton and fungi in the six sub-lakes of the Poyang Lake watershed may help guide future water management practices.

scholarly journals 23 Dietary management of the transition animal: Perspectives from dairy cows to sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Robert Van Saun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Transition Cow ◽  
Nutrition Environment ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Since the 1990s, the impact of late gestational nutrition and management on lactation and reproduction has become the focus of dairy management. Transition cow management has been credited with having greater influence on herd performance as compared to previous focus on lactation nutrition. Several seminal papers published in 1990s and early 2000s directed management practices of dry cows, rightly or wrongly, toward critical factors impacting calving and lactation. Dairy cow gestational protein requirements cited a 1956 study on Red Danish cows until Bell (1995) characterized the modern Holstein fetus’ chemical composition over the last 70 days of gestation. Recognized health effects of “fat cow syndrome”, similarly described for pigs, focuses late pregnant dairy cow management on body condition management starting in late lactation. Optimum condition was emphasized, recognizing negative impacts of excessive limited BC on lactation and reproduction. Maximizing dry matter intake was a nutritional goal for preventing energy-based metabolic challenges, until research indicated excessive energy during early, non-lactating period was more critical to managing postpartum metabolic derangements than the weeks prior to calving; which is like controlling energy intake of sows. Delivery of amino acids, estimated by metabolizable protein intake, has recently earned focus of research, relative to immune function, metabolic stability and reproductive success during early lactation. Identifying amino acids as critical fetal metabolic fuel, and consequences of excessive maternal protein mobilization, has become a focal point of swine and dairy transition nutrition. Although management of the transition cow has been greatly refined through nutritional research, improved cow performance has not yet been realized in the field. Recognition of the interplay between nutrition, environment and management relative to enhancing cow behavior has provided insight to the challenges of managing the transition cow. Metabolic, environmental and management challenges facing the physiologic transition from pregnancy into lactation occur in all production species. Although cows and sows procure essential nutrients by different digestive modes, cross-species applications can provide new or reinforcing perspectives on collective management approaches.

Animal and Human Health Implications of Avian Influenza Infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Capua ◽  
Dennis J. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Human Health ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Hpai H5n1 ◽  
The Impact

Avian influenza (AI) is a listed disease of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) that has become a disease of great importance both for animal and human health. Until recent times, AI was considered a disease of birds with zoonotic implications of limited significance. The emergence and spread of the Asian lineage highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) H5N1 virus has dramatically changed this perspective; not only has it been responsible of the death or culling of millions of birds, but this virus has also been able to infect a variety of non-avian hosts including human beings. The implications of such a panzootic reflect themselves in animal health issues, notably in the reduction of a protein source for developing countries and in the management of the pandemic potential. Retrospective studies have shown that avian progenitors play an important role in the generation of pandemic viruses for humans, and therefore these infections in the avian reservoir should be subjected to control measures aiming at eradication of the Asian H5N1 virus from all sectors rather than just eliminating or reducing the impact of the disease in poultry.

Edible plant tissue and soil calcium:magnesium ratios: data too sparse to assess implications for human health

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rosanoff ◽  
Elizabeth Capron ◽  
Phillip Barak ◽  
Bruce Mathews ◽  
Forrest Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
The Impact

Unlike yield, the plant calcium (Ca) : magnesium (Mg) ratio increases at higher soil Ca : Mg and decreases at lower soil Ca : Mg. Edible plant tissue Ca : Mg at various soil ratios has not been robustly studied. Such studies are appropriate because high Ca : Mg dietary ratios may be associated with increased risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and human dietary Ca : Mg ratio is rising as populations integrate more processed foods into traditional diets. This review explores whether increasing the soil Ca : Mg ratio is likely to increase edible plant tissue Ca : Mg ratio, a result that could, if substantial, affect human health. A literature search gathered published articles reporting Ca and Mg values for plants grown in soils or nutrient solutions with various Ca : Mg ratios. For each study, soil or solution ratio was plotted against plant ratio, and Pearson’s r and 2-tailed P values were calculated. Findings reveal that reporting Ca and Mg content of edible plant tissues is rare in studies assessing the impact of soil Ca : Mg on crop yields, nutrient uptake or crop quality; Ca : Mg of whole plants and most shoots increases as soil Ca : Mg rises; leaf Ca : Mg of some but not all crops increases as soil Ca : Mg rises; Ca : Mg ratios of edible grain, fruit and root tissues are smaller than those of leaves or shoots of the same crop; and Ca : Mg of grain, bean and fruit tissue may not respond to changes in soil Ca : Mg as much as Ca : Mg of plants, shoots and leaves. However, the data are too sparse for conclusions or even speculation. Further measurements of Ca and Mg in edible tissues destined for human consumption are necessary to asses any impact of soil Ca : Mg on the rising dietary Ca : Mg of humans and its health consequences.

scholarly journals The Variability of Nitrogen Forms in Soils Due to Traditional and Precision Agriculture: Case Studies in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Anna Podlasek ◽  
Eugeniusz Koda ◽  
Magdalena Daria Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact

The soil and human health issues are closely linked. Properly managed nitrogen (N) does not endanger human health and increases crop production, nevertheless when overused and uncontrolled, can contribute to side effects. This research was intended to highlight that there is a need for carrying out monitoring studies in agricultural areas in order to expand the available knowledge on the content of N forms in agricultural lands and proper management in farming practice. The impact of two types of fertilization, concerning spatially variable (VRA) and uniform (UNI) N dose, on the distribution of N forms in soils was analyzed. The analysis was performed on the basis of soil monitoring data from agricultural fields located in three different experimental sites in Poland. The analyses performed at selected sites were supported by statistical evaluation and recognition of spatial diversification of N forms in soil. It was revealed that the movement of unused N forms to deeper parts of the soil, and therefore to the groundwater system, is more limited due to VRA fertilization. Finally, it was also concluded that the management in agricultural practice should be based on the prediction of spatial variability of soil properties that allow to ensure proper application of N fertilizers, resulting in the reduction of possible N losses.

scholarly journals The Human Resource (HR) Factor and the Impact of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste on Environment: An Integrated Remedial Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 535-538
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Environmental Deprivation ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The Impact

Around the globe, all the quarters are seriously concerned about the environment. The construction sector in particular, whilst contributing to largely socio-economic advancement of a country has become a foremost exploiter of natural non-renewable resources and a polluter of the atmosphere, contributing to environmental deprivation and waste generation in the process of acquirement of raw material and its deployment. Therefore, to combat the situation of regulating construction and demolition wastes a strong and stringent organizational and governmental policy is necessitated. But for implementation of the policy, enlightening the persons involved a sound and efficient HR is essential which only can implement waste management practices successfully aligning concerned departments for environmental sustainability are discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Influence of pasture feeding on milk and meat products in terms of human health and product quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stanton ◽  
S. Mills ◽  
A. Ryan ◽  
D. Di Gioia ◽  
R.P. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feeding Systems

Cows are fed either indoors on a diet of mixed ration or in areas with temperate climates, such as Ireland and New Zealand, the feeding regime of dairy and beef herds is almost entirely pasture-based. Animal feeding regimes and herd management practices are linked to differences in organoleptic and nutritional quality attributes of milk, dairy and meat/beef products, with pasture-based feeding systems being associated with superior quality produce. Consumers generally perceive that milk and meat products produced from outdoor grazing pastures are “healthier” than produce derived from indoor feeding systems, based on animals fed typical indoor rations and concentrates. However, while research has demonstrated differences in milk and meat quality, especially in terms of fatty acids, based on different feeding systems, data are limited on the impact of dairy and meat products produced from different feeding systems on human health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document