scholarly journals Bioethanol Production from Stalk Residues of Chiquere and Gebabe Varieties of Sweet Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nitin Mahendra Chauhan ◽  
Sunil Tulshiram Hajare ◽  
Buzuayehu Mamo ◽  
Abreham Assefa Madebo
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Materials

Bioethanol produced from renewable resource has potential to solve environmental pollution and to satisfy the need of demand and supply. It favours the use of nonfood lignocellulosic materials. Ethanol produced from plant materials can sustain the economy by reducing cost of imported petroleum, emitting neutral CO2. Moreover, it enhances the economy by providing value added market opportunities for transportation and agricultural sector. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate bioethanol production from stalk residues of Chiquere and Gebabe varieties of sweet sorghum collected from West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Response surface methods with a three factor (inoculum size, pH, and dilution rate) with triplicate run by using the Box–Behnken method was referred. The experiment employed dilute acid hydrolysis, because it is an easy and productive process by treating the stalks with 4% of sulfuric acid for effective hydrolysis of substrate. Finally, the fermentation was carried out at 30°C for 72 hours on a shaker at 180 rpm by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The significance of the result was evaluated by using ANOVA, where P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. In the process, maximum yield of ethanol was obtained at an inoculum size of 5% (22.40%), pH level of 4.0 (21%), and dilution rate at 10 ml (21.46%). Very low yeast inoculum size and dilution factor have positive effect on the yield of ethanol, whereas very high dilution rate produced negative impact on ethanol production. FTIR spectroscopy peaks associated with O-H, C-O, and C-H stretching vibrations confirmed the presence of ethanol obtained from sweet sorghum stalks. The results of our study indicated that, being available in bulky amounts and nonedible material, sweet sorghum stalks can serve as potential feedstock for bioethanol production in developing countries such as Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Production of Itaconic Acid from Jatropha curcas Seed Cake by Aspergillus terreus

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina M. AHMED EL-IMAM ◽  
Muinat O. KAZEEM ◽  
Mutiat B. ODEBISI ◽  
Mushaffa A. OKE ◽  
Azeezat O. ABIDOYE
Keyword(s):  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Jatropha Seed

Submerged substrate fermentation of Jatropha seed cake, a by-product of oil extraction from Jatropha curcas seed was carried out using Aspergillus terreus for the production of itaconic acid. The Jatropha seed cake was initially converted into fermentable sugars by dilute acid hydrolysis using 50% sulphuric acid. The rate of hydrolysis was 1.04 gL-1. The fermentation process was carried out at room temperature, agitation of 400 rpm and three physico-chemical parameters (pH, inoculum size and substrate concentration) were varied. Itaconic acid and glucose assays were carried out by spectrophotometry and Dinitrosalicylic acid methods respectively daily. Maximum yield of itaconic acid was 48.70 gL-1 at 5 ml of inoculum size, 50 g substrate concentration and pH 1.5. The residual glucose concentration increased for the first two days of fermentation after which it began to decrease as the itaconic acid concentration increased. The least concentration of itaconic acid observed was 6.00 gL-1, obtained after 24 hours of fermentation with 4 ml inoculum size, 50 g substrate concentration and at pH 1.5. The findings of this work indicate that Jatropha curcas seed cake is a suitable substrate for itaconic acid production.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact assessment of agricultural sector on economic development as a basis for the country’s investment potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Alina Bukhtiarova ◽  
Arsen Hayriyan ◽  
Victor Chentsov ◽  
Sergii Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In the context of countries integration into the world economic space, agricultural sector is one of the priorities and strategically important sectors of the national economy. Development of instruments aimed to increase investment potential of this sector is therefore an important component of the country’s economy growth. The article proposes a science-based model of the impact of the agricultural sector on the economic development level of countries trying to move towards European integration.It was found that the employment rate (+58.4) has the largest influence on the rate of GDP change in the studied group of countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia). The impact of the gross value added of the manufacturing sector on its economic growth is positive (+44.6). The negative foreign direct investment ratio in the model (–40.3) may be due to the fact that the indicator in the studied countries is still largely influenced by the intervention of the state mechanism, significant uncertainty and risk, which is a deterrent to the overall economic development. An important result of the study was that foreign direct investment had a negative impact on economic growth in developing countries. Further development of the investment potential of a country’s agricultural sector provides for a radical acceleration of scientific and technological progress and, on this basis, a reduction in the cost of a unit of agricultural products and food and an increase in their competitiveness in the domestic and world markets.

scholarly journals Financial Impact of Digital Technologies as a Promising Element of Import Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Elvira Ildarovna Bulatova ◽  
Elmira Faylovna Amirova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Digital Architecture ◽  
Complex Development

This article examines the financial elements of agricultural production digital architecture in Russia during the transition to the fourth technological stage in order to compete and import substitution in the agro-industrial market of the country. The pandemic and its consequences have had a negative impact on the Russian economy, in the context of the country's insufficient food security and the inevitable increase in prices for imported goods, due to rising prices for hydrocarbons and the predominance of low-value-added food products in exports. Due to the weakening of the ruble against the falling oil prices, the economy may face the need for a new wave of import substitution. This study identifies the problems of the agricultural sector and the reasons for Russia’s high dependence on imports justify the need to develop high-tech technologies. Authors determined the development directions of agricultural production digitalization in Russia through innovative agricultural technologies based on the Internet of things, distributed computing, and artificial intelligence technologies. Increasing the level of the agro-industrial complex development, bringing it to a new independent stage, is vital. However, it is impossible without state support and the digitalization of technological processes.

scholarly journals Advisory support for organizational components of production management and bioethanol use

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Anatolii Ivanko ◽  
Yurii Bakun ◽  
Olha Khaietska ◽  
Mykhailo Ksenofontov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Business Conditions

The purpose of the article is to consider of organizational components of management production and bioethanol use and peculiarities of advisory support of indicated processes. Research methods - the theoretical basis of the article was the dialectical method of cognition and systematic method for advisory support of production management and bioethanol use processes. The results of research have been obtained via use such main methods as analysis and generalization. Using the analyses method a comparison of individual organizational components of process of production management and bioethanol use was made. Based on the method of generalization, four more significant groups of organizational components of management are identified and the features of information and consulting support for their implementation are identified. Research results. The expediency of deepening the coordination at different levels of government in Ukraine of the processes development of bioethanol production and use is proved, which is due to such main factors: the preservation of crop production as a traditional type of economic activity, the intensification of efforts to ensure state energy independence by increasing the production of alternative renewable fuels and increase the level of value-added in the agricultural sector. The set of organizational components of management along the chains of bioethanol production and use with the allocation of four basic ones is summarized. The importance of information and consulting support for the organizational components of the bioethanol production and use was emphasized, which will become a prerequisite for increasing the production of this type of alternative renewable fuel. Scientific novelty. As a results of the generalization, four groups of basic organizational components for managing of the processes of bioethanol production and use have been distinguished: institutional, organizational and economic, organizational and technical, organizational and structural. The grounding and implementation of management decisions on the bioethanol production and use is proposed to be carried out on the basis of an alternative approach with the choice of individual organizational components of management, which are more appropriate in specific business conditions. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to formulate strategic and program documents for managing the processes of bioethanol production and use. The effect of their implementation can be assessed by multilevel indicators. At the business level, the effect can be determined by: assessing the volume of bioethanol production and saving costs from the use of bioethanol in performing of economic operations. At the macroeconomic level, the effect can be determined by the level of decrease in dependence on imported energy supplies, by the increase in the level of added value in the agrarian sector and so on. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 4. Refs.: 23.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ON POVERTY IN ACEH PROVINCE

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Reovasimulo Anakusara ◽  
Abd Jamal ◽  
Chenny Seftarita ◽  
Indra Maipita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This empirical study aims to analyze the impact of economic growth and employment in the agricultural sector on poverty in Aceh Province. The study is conducted on annual time series data for the period of 1995-2017 while to explain the research objectives used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger Causality. The results found, in the short term, only employment in the agricultural sector has a significant effect on poverty. Meanwhile, in the long term, economic growth has a profound and negative impact on poverty. On the contrary, the absorption of labor in the agricultural sector tends to increase poverty. In addition, the results obtained that economic growth has a unidirectional relationship with employment in the agricultural sector. It was, therefore, suggested that the government should prioritize economic development in regions that have relatively high poverty rate and build an agro-industry in Aceh to increase agricultural value added and also absorb more labor so it can enable to reduce the poverty rate.

Technological Innovation and the Agricultural Sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rachida Khaled ◽  
Lamine Hammas
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Impact

The diffusion of the technological innovation can affect the agricultural sector in the three-sided (social, economic and environmental), a hand, it can contribute to solve problems of the agricultural sector: the effects of the climatic changes, the farming exodus and the migration and the problems of poverty and it can improve the agricultural productivity. But on the other hand, he can lead to new problems, such as depletion of energy resources caused by excessive use of energizing technologies, pollution of air and water and the destruction of soil by industrial waste. This paper aims to theoretically and empirically analyze the role of technological innovation in improving agricultural sustainability through the impact of mechanization on agricultural productivity, energy production and net income per capita for a panel of three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the period 1997-2012. By using simultaneous equations, the authors' finding that technological innovation cannot achieve the purpose of sustainable development in the agriculture sector in the Maghreb countries through the negative impact of mechanization and research and development on agricultural productivity.

scholarly journals Optimization of a pretreatment and hydrolysis process for the efficient recovery of recycled sugars and unknown compounds from agricultural sweet sorghum bagasse stem pith solid waste

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Jiang ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Zi-Wei Shi ◽  
Zhi-Jun Xin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Value Added Products

Background Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), comprising both a dermal layer and pith, is a solid waste generated by agricultural activities. Open burning was previously used to treat agricultural solid waste but is harmful to the environment and human health. Recent reports showed that certain techniques can convert this agricultural waste into valuable products. While SSB has been considered an attractive raw material for sugar extraction and the production of value-added products, the pith root in the SSB can be difficult to process. Therefore, it is necessary to pretreat bagasse before conventional hydrolysis. Methods A thorough analysis and comparison of various pretreatment methods were conducted based on physicochemical and microscopic approaches. The responses of agricultural SSB stem pith with different particle sizes to pretreatment temperature, acid and alkali concentration and enzyme dosage were investigated to determine the optimal pretreatment. The integrated methods are beneficial to the utilization of carbohydrate-based and unknown compounds in agricultural solid waste. Results Acid (1.5−4.5%, v/v) and alkali (5−8%, w/v) reagents were used to collect cellulose from different meshes of pith at 25–100 °C. The results showed that the use of 100 mesh pith soaked in 8% (w/v) NaOH solution at 100 °C resulted in 32.47% ± 0.01% solid recovery. Follow-up fermentation with 3% (v/v) acid and 6.5% (w/v) alkali at 50 °C for enzymolysis was performed with the optimal enzyme ratio. An analysis of the surface topography and porosity before and after pretreatment showed that both the pore size of the pith and the amount of exposed cellulose increased as the mesh size increased. Interestingly, various compounds, including 42 compounds previously known to be present and 13 compounds not previously known to be present, were detected in the pretreatment liquid, while 10 types of monosaccharides, including D-glucose, D-xylose and D-arabinose, were found in the enzymatic solution. The total monosaccharide content of the pith was 149.48 ± 0.3 mg/g dry matter. Discussion An integrated technique for obtaining value-added products from sweet sorghum pith is presented in this work. Based on this technique, lignin and hemicellulose were effectively broken down, amorphous cellulose was obtained and all sugars in the sweet sorghum pith were hydrolysed into monosaccharides. A total of 42 compounds previously found in these materials, including alcohol, ester, acid, alkene, aldehyde ketone, alkene, phenolic and benzene ring compounds, were detected in the pretreatment pith. In addition, several compounds that had not been previously observed in these materials were found in the pretreatment solution. These findings will improve the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into sugar to create a high-value-added coproduct during the integrated process and to maximize the potential utilization of agricultural waste in current biorefinery processing.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Newly Developed Extruded Products Supplemented with Plants in a Form of Microwave-Expanded Snacks

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2791
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lisiecka ◽  
Agnieszka Wójtowicz ◽  
Marek Gancarz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extrusion Cooking ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Extruded Products

The following research focuses on the possibility of applying fresh plant material as a carrot pulp to supplement newly developed extruded products in the form of pellets and microwave-expanded snacks. Fresh carrot pulp, as a valuable vegetable ingredient, was used in the amount of 2.5 g/100 g to 30.0 g/100 g in a potato-based recipe. The snack pellets were processed via extrusion-cooking, using a single-screw extruder with a plasticizing unit L/D = 18, and the use of variable screw speeds. The produced pellets underwent microwave expansion to limit the fat content, so as to produce ready-to-eat (RTE) snacks. The pellets and snacks were tested for nutritional value, as well as for selected quality features: physical properties, structure, pasting characteristics, and texture profile, and PCA analysis and a correlation matrix were performed on the obtained results. Microwave expansion of pellets increased the total phenolic content, the antioxidant activity, water absorption index and lightness of snacks, but decreased the bulk density and setback values of the expanded products when compared to pellets. Generally, we found that it was possible to use up to 30.0 g/100 g of fresh carrot pulp with a positive effect on nutritional value, and without negative effects on the physical properties of extruded products. Both the extrusion-cooking and microwave expansion can minimize the negative impact on plant materials, due to the short processing time.

scholarly journals Chemical Contamination Pathways and the Food Safety Implications along the Various Stages of Food Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5795
Author(s):  
Kgomotso Lebelo ◽  
Ntsoaki Malebo ◽  
Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane ◽  
Muthoni Masinde
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Substances

Historically, chemicals exceeding maximum allowable exposure levels have been disastrous to underdeveloped countries. The global food industry is primarily affected by toxic chemical substances because of natural and anthropogenic factors. Food safety is therefore threatened due to contamination by chemicals throughout the various stages of food production. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the form of pesticides and other chemical substances such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have a widely documented negative impact due to their long-lasting effect on the environment. This present review focuses on the chemical contamination pathways along the various stages of food production until the food reaches the consumer. The contamination of food can stem from various sources such as the agricultural sector and pollution from industrialized regions through the air, water, and soil. Therefore, it is imperative to control the application of chemicals during food packaging, the application of pesticides, and antibiotics in the food industry to prevent undesired residues on foodstuffs. Ultimately, the protection of consumers from food-related chemical toxicity depends on stringent efforts from regulatory authorities both in developed and underdeveloped nations.

scholarly journals Ectopic overexpression of a type-II DGAT (CeDGAT2-2) derived from oil-rich tuber of Cyperus esculentus enhances accumulation of oil and oleic acid in tobacco leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gao ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Huiling Gao ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xiaoqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Tag Biosynthesis

Abstract Background Engineering triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in vegetative tissues of non-food crops has become a promising way to meet our increasing demand for plant oils, especially the renewable production of biofuels. The most important target modified in this regard is diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme responsible for the final rate-limiting step in TAG biosynthesis. Cyperus esculentus is a unique plant largely accumulating oleic acid-enriched oil in its underground tubers. We speculated that DGAT derived from such oil-rich tubers could function more efficiently than that from oleaginous seeds in enhancing oil storage in vegetative tissues of tobacco, a high-yielding biomass crops. Results Three CeDGAT genes namely CeDGAT1, CeDGAT2-1 and CeDGAT2-2 were identified in C. esculentus by mining transcriptome of developing tubers. These CeDGATs were expressed in tissues tested, with CeDGAT1 highly in roots, CeDGAT2-1 abundantly in leaves, and CeDGAT2-2 predominantly in tubers. Notably, CeDGAT2-2 expression pattern was in accordance with oil dynamic accumulation during tuber development. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 functionally restored TAG biosynthesis in TAG-deficient yeast mutant H1246. Oleic acid level was significantly increased in CeDGAT2-2 transgenic yeast compared to the wild-type yeast and ScDGA1-expressed control under culture with and without feeding of exogenous fatty acids. Overexpressing CeDGAT2-2 in tobacco led to dramatic enhancements of leafy oil by 7.15- and 1.7-fold more compared to the wild-type control and plants expressing Arabidopsis seed-derived AtDGAT1. A substantial change in fatty acid composition was detected in leaves, with increase of oleic acid from 5.1% in the wild type to 31.33% in CeDGAT2-2-expressed tobacco and accompanied reduction of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, the elevated accumulation of oleic acid-enriched TAG in transgenic tobacco exhibited no significantly negative impact on other agronomic traits such as photosynthesis, growth rates and seed germination except for small decline of starch content. Conclusions The present data indicate that CeDGAT2-2 has a high enzyme activity to catalyze formation of TAG and a strong specificity for oleic acid-containing substrates, providing new insights into understanding oil biosynthesis mechanism in plant vegetative tissues. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 alone can significantly increase oleic acid-enriched oil accumulation in tobacco leaves without negative impact on other agronomy traits, showing CeDGAT2-2 as the desirable target gene in metabolic engineering to enrich oil and value-added lipids in high-biomass plants for commercial production of biofuel oils.

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