scholarly journals Determining Optimal Cutoffs for Exhaled Carbon Monoxide and Salivary Cotinine to Identify Smokers among Korean Americans in a Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sun S. Kim ◽  
Seongho Kim ◽  
Philimon N. Gona
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Salivary Cotinine ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Complete Abstinence

Introduction. It is critical to accurately identify individuals who continue to smoke even after treatment, as this may prompt the use of more intensive and effective treatment strategies to help them attain complete abstinence. Aims. This study examined optimal cutoffs for exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and salivary cotinine to identify smokers among Korean Americans in a smoking cessation clinical trial. Methods. CO and cotinine were measured three to four times over 12 months from the quit day. Statistical analysis was conducted using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. A CO cutoff of 5 parts per million provided robust sensitivity (80.8-98.3%) and perfect specificity (100%), and a salivary cotinine cutoff of level 2 (30-100 ng/ml) provided the best sensitivity (91.2-95.6%) and perfect specificity (100%). Using these cutoffs, the agreement between self-reports and the two biomarkers ranged from 88.6% to 97.7%. The areas under ROC curves (AUCs) of exhaled CO ranged from 0.90 to 0.99, all of which were significant (all p values < 0.001), and the AUCs of salivary cotinine ranged from 0.96 to 0.98 (all p values < 0.001). Conclusion. Exhaled CO and salivary cotinine are complementary, and they should be used together to verify smoking abstinence for smokers in a clinical trial.

scholarly journals Clinical trial on the efficacy of exhaled carbon monoxide measurement in smoking cessation in primary health care

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Ripoll ◽  
Helena Girauta ◽  
Maria Ramos ◽  
David Medina-Bombardó ◽  
Agnès Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Nicotine and Tobacco

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-182
Author(s):  
Shadi Nahvi ◽  
Darius A. Rastegar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Nicotine is responsible for the psychoactive and habit-forming effects of tobacco. Approximately 30% of Americans use tobacco products; half of them are nicotine-dependent. Nicotine has mild stimulant effects. Overdose is rare in experienced users. Some may develop nausea, vomiting, weakness, and dizziness. Withdrawal symptoms include craving, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, and increased appetite. Smokers have elevated exhaled carbon monoxide and serum carboxyhemoglobin levels. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, can be detected in blood and urine. Many medical conditions are associated with tobacco use (particularly smoking), including cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and a variety of malignancies. A number of interventions can help increase smoking cessation rates, including physician advice, counseling, nicotine replacement, varenicline, and bupropion. Electronic cigarettes may help smokers quit or reduce their smoking.

scholarly journals Cannabis and Alcohol Co-Use in a Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Trial for Adolescents and Emerging Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin A McClure ◽  
Nathaniel L Baker ◽  
Caitlyn O Hood ◽  
Rachel L Tomko ◽  
Lindsay M Squeglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Tobacco Treatment ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The co-use of cannabis and alcohol among tobacco-using youth is common. Alcohol co-use is associated with worse tobacco cessation outcomes, but results are mixed regarding the impact of cannabis on tobacco outcomes and if co-use leads to increased use of non-treated substances. This secondary analysis from a youth smoking cessation trial aimed to (1) evaluate the impact of cannabis or alcohol co-use on smoking cessation, (2) examine changes in co-use during the trial, and (3) explore secondary effects of varenicline on co-use. Methods The parent study was a 12-week, randomized clinical trial of varenicline for smoking cessation among youth (ages 14–21, N = 157; Mage = 19, 40% female; 76% White). Daily cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol use data were collected via daily diaries during treatment and Timeline Follow-back for 14 weeks post-treatment. Results Baseline cannabis co-users (68%) had double the odds of continued cigarette smoking throughout the trial compared with noncannabis users, which was pronounced in males and frequent cannabis users. Continued smoking during treatment was associated with higher probability of concurrent cannabis use. Baseline alcohol co-users (80%) did not have worse smoking outcomes compared with nonalcohol users, but continued smoking was associated with higher probability of concurrent drinking. Varenicline did not affect co-use. Conclusions Inconsistent with prior literature, results showed that alcohol co-users did not differ in smoking cessation, whereas cannabis co-users had poorer cessation outcomes. Youth tobacco treatment would benefit from added focus on substance co-use, particularly cannabis, but may need to be tailored appropriately to promote cessation. Implications Among youth cigarette smokers enrolled in a pharmacotherapy evaluation clinical trial, alcohol and/or cannabis co-use was prevalent. The co-use of cannabis affected smoking cessation outcomes, but more so for males and frequent cannabis users, whereas alcohol co-use did not affect smoking cessation. Reductions in smoking were accompanied by concurrent reductions in alcohol or cannabis use. Substance co-use does not appear to affect all youth smokers in the same manner and treatment strategies may need to be tailored appropriately for those with lower odds of smoking cessation.

Utilizing exhaled carbon monoxide measurement with self-declared smoking cessation: enhancing abstinence effectiveness in Taiwanese outpatients

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Chu Chen ◽  
Chiu-Hsia Chang ◽  
Yuh-Chyn Tsai ◽  
Ching-Wan Tseng ◽  
Mei-Lien Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Smoking Cessation for Male College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinae Lee ◽  
Hyojung Park
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Auricular Acupressure ◽  
Male College ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Male College Students

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of auricular acupressure for smoking cessation on male college students. The experimental group ( n = 27) received auricular acupressure on specific acupoints for smoking cessation, whereas the control group ( n = 26) received sham auricular acupressure on nonspecific acupoints. Participants received 6 weeks of auricular acupressure intervention. For the experimental group, auricular acupressure was applied to the shenmen, lung, subcortex, hunger, stomach, and mouth. The data of nicotine dependence, self-efficacy for smoking cessation, and exhaled carbon monoxide were collected for both group 3 times: before intervention, after 3 weeks of the intervention, and after 6 weeks of the intervention. Statistical differences between the two groups from pretest to posttest emerged in self-efficacy for smoking cessation ( p = .048) and exhaled carbon monoxide ( p < .001), but not for nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals SAS4P: Providing automatic smoking detection for a persuasive smoking cessation application

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771988816
Author(s):  
Pedro O Rossel ◽  
Lorenzo Paredes ◽  
Antonio Bascur ◽  
Claudia Martínez-Carrasco ◽  
Valeria Herskovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation ◽  
Mobile Phone Applications

Smoking is the biggest avoidable health risk, causing millions of deaths per year worldwide. Persuasive applications are those designed to change a person’s behavior, usually in a specific way. Several mobile phone applications and messaging systems have been used to promote smoking cessation. However, most interventions use participants’ self-reports to track cigarette consumption and avoidance, which may not be accurate or objective. Previous proposals have used sensors to track hand movements and other contextual data to detect smoking or have used devices to detect smoke or breath carbon monoxide. This article proposes a low-cost wearable device that may be worn in a front shirt pocket or clipped to clothing to detect smoke and secondhand smoke. Furthermore, the device is integrated into a persuasive application to promote smoking cessation. The device was evaluated through an experiment to detect whether it may detect direct, passive, and no smoking conditions. The results are promising and may help improve tracking of cigarettes in persuasive applications.

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