Utilizing exhaled carbon monoxide measurement with self-declared smoking cessation: enhancing abstinence effectiveness in Taiwanese outpatients

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Chu Chen ◽  
Chiu-Hsia Chang ◽  
Yuh-Chyn Tsai ◽  
Ching-Wan Tseng ◽  
Mei-Lien Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Nicotine and Tobacco

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-182
Author(s):  
Shadi Nahvi ◽  
Darius A. Rastegar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Nicotine is responsible for the psychoactive and habit-forming effects of tobacco. Approximately 30% of Americans use tobacco products; half of them are nicotine-dependent. Nicotine has mild stimulant effects. Overdose is rare in experienced users. Some may develop nausea, vomiting, weakness, and dizziness. Withdrawal symptoms include craving, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, and increased appetite. Smokers have elevated exhaled carbon monoxide and serum carboxyhemoglobin levels. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, can be detected in blood and urine. Many medical conditions are associated with tobacco use (particularly smoking), including cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and a variety of malignancies. A number of interventions can help increase smoking cessation rates, including physician advice, counseling, nicotine replacement, varenicline, and bupropion. Electronic cigarettes may help smokers quit or reduce their smoking.

scholarly journals Clinical trial on the efficacy of exhaled carbon monoxide measurement in smoking cessation in primary health care

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Ripoll ◽  
Helena Girauta ◽  
Maria Ramos ◽  
David Medina-Bombardó ◽  
Agnès Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

scholarly journals Determining Optimal Cutoffs for Exhaled Carbon Monoxide and Salivary Cotinine to Identify Smokers among Korean Americans in a Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sun S. Kim ◽  
Seongho Kim ◽  
Philimon N. Gona
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Salivary Cotinine ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Complete Abstinence

Introduction. It is critical to accurately identify individuals who continue to smoke even after treatment, as this may prompt the use of more intensive and effective treatment strategies to help them attain complete abstinence. Aims. This study examined optimal cutoffs for exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and salivary cotinine to identify smokers among Korean Americans in a smoking cessation clinical trial. Methods. CO and cotinine were measured three to four times over 12 months from the quit day. Statistical analysis was conducted using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. A CO cutoff of 5 parts per million provided robust sensitivity (80.8-98.3%) and perfect specificity (100%), and a salivary cotinine cutoff of level 2 (30-100 ng/ml) provided the best sensitivity (91.2-95.6%) and perfect specificity (100%). Using these cutoffs, the agreement between self-reports and the two biomarkers ranged from 88.6% to 97.7%. The areas under ROC curves (AUCs) of exhaled CO ranged from 0.90 to 0.99, all of which were significant (all p values < 0.001), and the AUCs of salivary cotinine ranged from 0.96 to 0.98 (all p values < 0.001). Conclusion. Exhaled CO and salivary cotinine are complementary, and they should be used together to verify smoking abstinence for smokers in a clinical trial.

The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Smoking Cessation for Male College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinae Lee ◽  
Hyojung Park
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Auricular Acupressure ◽  
Male College ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Male College Students

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of auricular acupressure for smoking cessation on male college students. The experimental group ( n = 27) received auricular acupressure on specific acupoints for smoking cessation, whereas the control group ( n = 26) received sham auricular acupressure on nonspecific acupoints. Participants received 6 weeks of auricular acupressure intervention. For the experimental group, auricular acupressure was applied to the shenmen, lung, subcortex, hunger, stomach, and mouth. The data of nicotine dependence, self-efficacy for smoking cessation, and exhaled carbon monoxide were collected for both group 3 times: before intervention, after 3 weeks of the intervention, and after 6 weeks of the intervention. Statistical differences between the two groups from pretest to posttest emerged in self-efficacy for smoking cessation ( p = .048) and exhaled carbon monoxide ( p < .001), but not for nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals An exhaled carbon monoxide self-monitoring device linked to social media to support smoking cessation: A proof of concept pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Ngiap Chuan Tan ◽  
Zulidiah bte Mohd Mohtar ◽  
Eileen Yi Ling Koh ◽  
Usha Sankari ◽  
David Hong Chuan Tay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Background: A recent systematic review alludes to the effectiveness of social media in facilitating smoking cessation. However, most interventions center on mobile applications in engaging smokers. A novel portable exhaled-carbon-monoxide self-monitoring device, the Smoke-analyzer to Track and Expedite Actions and Decisions to Eliminate Smoking (STEADES) linked to a specially-designed mobile phone application has been developed, which relays exhaled carbon monoxide-related data from the smokers to their selected quit supporters via social media. Aim: The study aimed to determine the precision and feasibility of using the STEADES device among smokers in primary care. Method: This pilot study recruited 15 Asian adult smokers from a primary care polyclinic in Singapore. Their exhaled carbon monoxide measurements were measured serially using STEADES, compared to a commercial smokerlyzer as reference. The subjects could use the device to transmit their exhaled carbon monoxide measurements via mobile application and social media to their acquaintances in the next two weeks. Data on the subjects’ demographic and clinical characteristics, their views on STEADES (from a questionnaire), and its utility (from the application) were collated on enrolment and at the end of study. Results: Measurements using STEADES were significantly correlated with those from a commercial smokerlyzer (Pearson correlation=0.882, p<0.01). The majority of the subjects perceived that the exhaled carbon monoxide data would allow them to track progress of their quit attempts, perceived recipients of these data would support their smoking cessation (92.3%), and reported willingness to use it with improved accuracy. Conclusion: The STEADES prototype had shown feasibility in this proof of concept study. Most subjects were in favor of using it to support their smoking cessation but its accuracy required enhancement.

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