scholarly journals L. Cucurbita pepo Alleviates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Modulation of Apoptosis, Neurogenesis, and Gliosis in Rat Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nasra Ayuob ◽  
Soad Ali Shaker ◽  
Etedal Hawuit ◽  
Nouf saeed Al-Abbas ◽  
Nehad A. Shaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Pumpkin has received significant attention due to its nutritional compounds that have antioxidant, antifatigue, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study is aimed at assessing the antidepressant-like effect of L. Cucurbita pepo, sweet pumpkin, in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and investigating its effect on the histological structure of hippocampus compared to fluoxetine. Forty male albino rats assigned into the negative control, positive control (CUMS), and Flu-treated and pumpkin-treated groups ( n = 10 ) were utilized in this study. Exposing rats to CUMS continued for 28 days, and treatments used were applied during the last 14 days of exposure. Behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological changes were assessed after 28 days. In this study, pumpkin significantly reduced the immobility time ( p = 0.02 ), corticosterone ( p < 0.001 ), TNF-α, IL-6 ( p < 0.001 ), and malondialdehyde ( p = 0.003 ), whereas it significantly increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the serum of rats exposed to CUMS. Pumpkin markedly relieved the degenerative and atrophic changes observed in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. It significantly reduced caspase-3 and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression in the CA3 and DG. In conclusion, administration of pumpkin extract improved the behavioral, biochemical, and hippocampal pathological alternations induced in rats after exposure to CUMS in a comparable pattern to fluoxetine. This study highlighted the potential efficacy of pumpkin in alleviating depression disorder either alone or in conjugation with conventional antidepressant therapy.

scholarly journals NLRP1-Mediated Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyza Aricioğlu ◽  
Canan Yalcinkaya ◽  
Ceren Sahin Ozkartal ◽  
Erdem Tuzun ◽  
Serap Sirvanci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preference Test ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Nlrp1 Inflammasome ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Objective NOD-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome complex has been recently associated with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression. Our aim was to investigate whether ketamine-induced antidepressant effect is associated with suppression of NLRP1.Methods Wistar albino rats were divided into control, CUMS, CUMS+acute ketamine (a single 10 mg/kg dose) and CUMS+chronic ketamine (daily 10 mg/kg injections for 3 weeks) groups (n=10 for each group). Sucrose preference test and forced swimming test were performed to assess anhedonia and immobility time respectively for the severety of depression symptoms. Brain tissues were dissected and prefrontal cortex and hippocampus regions were used for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis.Results CUMS procedure significantly induced depressive-like symptoms whereas both acute and chronic ketamine treatment ameliorated them. mRNA expression levels of NLRP1, caspase 1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), NF-κB, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, IL-6, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and purinergic 2×7 receptor (P2X7R) and numbers of Iba- 1+and GFAP+glial cells were reduced by acute and/or chronic ketamine treatment.Conclusion In the present study for the first time upstream and downstream elements of the NLRP1 inflammasome complex are shown to be suppressed by ketamine thus reinforcing the involvement of NLRP1 in the physiopathology of depression.

scholarly journals Combined Oral and Topical Application of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Alleviates Contact Dermatitis Associated With Depression Through Downregulation Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Jameal Balgoon ◽  
Maryam H. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Soad Al Jaouni ◽  
Nasra Ayuob
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Depression and contact dermatitis (CD) are considered relatively common health problems that are linked with psychological stress. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities of pumpkin were previously reported.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combined topical and oral application of pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita pepo L.) extract (PE) in relieving CD associated with chronic stress–induced depression and compare it to the topical pumpkin extract alone and to the standard treatment.Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks for induction of depression and then exposed to (1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB) for 2 weeks for induction of CD. Those rats were assigned into 4 groups (n = 10 each); untreated, betamethasone-treated, PE-treated and pumpkin extract cream, and oral-treated groups. Treatments were continued for 2 weeks. All groups were compared to the negative control group (n = 10). Depression was behaviorally and biochemically confirmed. Serum and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS, were assessed. Oxidant/antioxidant profile was assessed in the serum and skin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of affected skin samples were performed.Results: Pumpkin extract, used in this study, included a large amount of oleic acid (about 56%). The combined topical and oral administration of PE significantly reduced inflammatory and oxidative changes induced by CD and depression compared to the CD standard treatment and to the topical PE alone. PE significantly alleviated CD signs and the histopathological score (p &lt; 0.001) mostly through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the upregulation of antioxidants.Conclusion: Pumpkin extract, applied topically and orally, could be an alternative and/or complementary approach for treating contact dermatitis associated with depression. Further studies on volunteer patients of contact dermatitis are recommended.

scholarly journals An Ethanolic Extract of Cucurbita pepo L. Seeds Modifies Neuroendocrine Disruption in Chronic Stressed Rats and Adrenal Expression of Inflammatory Markers and HSP70

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailah M. Almohaimeed ◽  
Shereen Hamed ◽  
Hanan S. Seleem ◽  
Ashwaq H. Batawi ◽  
Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.) were described to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and antidepressant-like effect. The adrenal gland is an important stress-responsive organ that maintains homeostasis during stress.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the administration of Cucurbita pepo L. (CP) extract in relieving behavioral, biochemical, and structural changes in the adrenal gland induced by exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and to explore the mechanism behind this impact.Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control, CUMS, fluoxetine-treated, and CP-treated groups. Behavioral changes, corticosterone level, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and oxidant/antioxidant profile were assessed in the serum at the end of the experiment. Adrenal glands were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. Gene expression of caspase-3 and Ki67 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were assessed in adrenal glands using RT-PCR.Results: The CP extract significantly reduced the corticosterone level (p &lt; 0.001), immobility time (p &lt; 0.001), and inflammatory and oxidative changes associated with CUMS-induced depression compared to the untreated group. The CP extract alleviated CUMS-induced adrenal histopathological changes and significantly reduced apoptosis (p &lt; 0.001) and significantly upregulated antioxidant levels in the serum.Conclusion:Cucurbita pepo L. effectively ameliorated the chronic stress-induced behavioral, biochemical, and adrenal structural changes mostly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Potential of Ethanol Extract of Sonchus Arvensis L. Leaves on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Neng Fisheri Kurniati ◽  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽  
Rian Pardilah ◽  
Nova Suliska ◽  
Dhyan Kusuma Ayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Sonchus arvensis L. leaves have been used traditionally to treat various disease conditions. This study is designed to evaluate cardioprotective potential of ethanol extract of S. arvensis leaves on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rat. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups: negative control (saline only), positive control (isoproterenol only), and S. arvensis extract treated groups. S. arvensis extract was administered in three doses; 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. p.o for 14 days. On day 13 and 14, isoproterenol (85 mg/kg bw) was given intraperitoneally to positive control and extract treated groups. The parameters studied were cardiac biomarker enzymes which were Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). The results showed that S. arvensis at dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the level of CK, CK-MB, AST, ALT, and LDH in myocardial infarcted rats compared to positive control. The increase of the dose of S. arvensis extract was not followed by an increase of its cardioprotective activity. In conclusion, Sonchus arvensis L. leaves extract at dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. has potential to be developed as cardioprotective drug.

Oral supplementation with geranium oil or anise oil ameliorates depressed rat-related symptoms through oils antioxidant effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima A. El-Shamy ◽  
Khaled M. M. Koriem ◽  
Nevein N. Fadl ◽  
Marwa H. A. El-Azma ◽  
Mahmoud S. S. Arbid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a psychiatric disease condition and the chronic mild stress (CMS) model is a well-known and valuable animal model of depression. Geranium oil and anise oil were chosen for such a study. The aim of this research was to establish the geranium oil and anise oil effect to ameliorate CMS-related symptoms.MethodsThis research included 80 male albino rats each group of 10 rats and the animals were divided into two major groups: normal and CMS. The normal group was subdivided into four (control, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with saline, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks. The CMS group was subdivided into four (CMS without any treatment, CMS + geranium oil, CMS + anise oil and CMS + venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks.ResultsThe sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test, the distance traveled test and center square entries test were decreased, while center square duration test, immobility time in tail suspension test and floating time in forced swimming test were increased in CMS. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels decreased but malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas in CMS. The oral intake of geranium oil and anise oil pushes all these parameters to approach the control levels. These results were supported by histopathological investigations of both brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues.ConclusionsGeranium oil and anise oil ameliorate CMS-related symptoms and this effect were related to the antioxidant effects of oils.

scholarly journals Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽  
Eka B. Essien ◽  
Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

scholarly journals Liver Histopathological Change and Malondialdehyde Level of Rattus Norvegicus on Administration of Curcuma Zedoaria and Paracetamol Toxic Dose

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Putu Oky Ari Tania ◽  
Puja Ayu Misuari ◽  
Satya Yudhayana ◽  
Ketut Ayesha Edelwise Prayoga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Toxic Dose

High doses of paracetamol create necrosis in the liver and produce free radicals. When liver function decreased in a long time, it will lead to severe liver damage and it will be irreversible. Rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria has the potential effect as an antioxidant, it is assumed that  its properties inhibit the formation of free radicals which formed from toxic doses of paracetamol. The aim of this study was to examine the histological structure of the liver and to determine MDA levels in the administration of C. zedoaria toxic dose and paracetamol on the Rattus norvegicus. The study was used twenty-four rats divided into four groups (positive control: CMC 0.5%; negative control: paracetamol 1.35g/kg body weight; treatment group 1 (T1): C. zedoaria 105 mg/200g and paracetamol 1.35g/kg Body weight 2 hours later, and treatment group 2 (T2): paracetamol 1.35g/ kg Body weight and C. zedoaria 105 mg/200g 2 hours later).  The Kruskall-Wallis test results showed MDA level did not significantly different between groups (p = 0.087). Hepatocellular changes were observed descriptively with Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Positive control showed greater hepatocellular changes rather than other groups, hepatocyte cells were enlarged with cytoplasm showing eosinophilic granules infiltrates, enlarged irregular nuclei, nucleolus prominent, there are many necrosis cells.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nephroprotective Potential of Ethanolic Extract Premna Tomentosa (Ept) in Alcohol Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3099-3103
Author(s):  
Gomathi Priyadharsini T ◽  
Kavimani M ◽  
Sathiya Narayana Murthy S ◽  
Prabhu K ◽  
Arudyuti Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Changes

The nephroprotective prospective of Premna tomentosa extract against Alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats was investigated in the present study. The characterization of ethanol extract of Premna tomentosa (EPT) was performed using standard phytochemical analysis. Male albino wistar rats 36 in numbers were divided into 6 groups including control, negative control, positive control and various doses of EPT Treated groups; Nephrotoxicity was induced by alcohol (1ml/100gm b.wt) in animals. Rats intoxicated with Alcohol were fed with 500, 750 mg/kg dose of EPT and Liv 52 (1ml/100gm b.wt) for 60 days. Results show that EPT (500mg/kg b.wt) had a significant effect against alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats than EPT (750mg/kg b.wt) in blood parameters and consonantly good histopathological changes in kidney. The deleterious histopathological alterations in kidney associated with glomerular and tubular changes in alcohol intoxicated rats was evident. This result shows Premna tomentosa may be used as supplementary drug for alcoholics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Carrot Pomace (Daucus carota L.) as Hypocholesterolemic and Hypolipidemic Agent on Albino Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Moneim M.R. AFIFY ◽  
Ramy R.M ROMEILAH ◽  
Mahmoud M.H. OSFOR ◽  
Amir S.M. ELBAHNASAWY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet

The current study examined the attenuating influence of dietary carrot pomace powder (CaPP) on hypercholesterolemia and various oxidative stress-associated with biochemical parameters in hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty two male albino rats weighing 110±10 g were divided into four groups, the first group received the basal diet only and served as (negative control), the second group received the hypercholesterolemic diet and served as positive control, the other groups received hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 10%, 20% CaPP for six weeks. The obtained results revealed that groups supplemented with 10% and 20% CaPP significantly decrease total lipid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase compared to positive and negative groups. Organs weight, body weight gain significantly decreased compared with positive control. Moreover dietary carrot pomace powder can used to reduce the body weight and reducing hypercholesterolemic complications. In addition, dietary carrot pomace powder serves to improve the blood picture and to reduce the blood glucose level in hypercholesterolemic rats and could use in obese people for body loss. Data of kidney function (Urea) record an increase in CaPP 20% level (26.9±2.96) but this increase was non significant with the negative control group (26.6±3.1).

scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats Depression-Like Behavior and Expression of p-ERK/ERK and p-P38/P38

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Yanling She ◽  
Ning Su ◽  
Ruixin Zhang ◽  
Lixing Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test

We investigate the antidepressant-like effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on a chronic unpredictable mild stress rats depression-like behavior. In our study, depression in rats was induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and isolation for four weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal, Model, EA, and Sham EA. EA treatment was administered for two weeks, once a day for five days a week. Two acupoints, Yintang (EX-HN3) and Baihui (GV20), were selected. For sham EA, acupuncture needles were inserted shallowly into the acupoints: EX-HN3 and GV20. No electrostimulator was connected. The antidepressant-like effect of the electroacupuncture treatment was measured by sucrose intake test, open field test, and forced swimming test in rats. The protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2)/ERK1/2 and p-P38/P38 in the hippocampus (HP) were examined by Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrate that EA treatment decreased the immobility time of forced swimming test and improved the sucrose solution intake in comparison to unpredictable chronic mild stress and placebo sham control. Electroacupuncture may act on depression by enhancing p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in the hippocampus.

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