scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Nosocomial Infection Rate: A Case of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maryam Jabarpour ◽  
Mahlagha Dehghan ◽  
Giti Afsharipour ◽  
Elham Hajipour Abaee ◽  
Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nosocomial Infection Rate ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
The Impact

Background. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a new type of coronavirus that has caused a global pandemic. The disease is highly contagious, and all people are susceptible to the disease. Therefore, extensive measures were taken to prevent the spread of the disease at the community and hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nosocomial infection rate. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in an educational hospital, southeast Iran. The nosocomial infection rates of critical/intensive care units (CCU/ICUs) and medical-surgical units were assessed during and before the COVID-19 outbreak. Results. There was a 19.75-point decrease in the total rate of nosocomial infection during the COVID-19 outbreak ( P  = 0.02). In addition, there was a 39.12-point decrease in the total rate of CCU/ICUs’ nosocomial infection during the COVID-19 outbreak ( P  < 0.001). A 19.23-point decrease was also observed in the total rate of medical-surgical units’ nosocomial infection during the COVID-19 outbreak ( P  = 0.13). All kinds of CCU/ICUs’ nosocomial infections had between 31.22- and 100-point decreases during the COVID-19 outbreak. Among medical-surgical units, 33.33- and 30.70-point decreases were observed only in UTI and SSI, respectively, during the COVID-19 outbreak, while BSI had a 40-point increase during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions. Proper implementation of infection control protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to reduce nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals 807. Effect of Inter-Hospital Transfer on Nosocomial Infection Rates in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S446-S447
Author(s):  
Joseph E Marcus ◽  
Jason Okulicz ◽  
Valerie Sams ◽  
Andriy Batchinsky ◽  
Alice Barsoumian
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Nosocomial Infection Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Transfer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Extracorporeal Oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly used as a life support modality for cardiac and pulmonary failure. Due to improved survival in patients treated in high volume ECMO centers, inter-hospital transport of these critically ill patients is on the rise. These patients may be transported via ambulance locally, or by aircraft over long distances. However, potential risks of nosocomial infectious complications associated with transfers has not been reported. We evaluated the impact of transfers on nosocomial infections for patients who received ECMO at Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC). Methods All patients who received ECMO for ≥48 hours at BAMC between May 2012 and October 2019 were included. Chart review was performed to determine transport status, infectious complications while on ECMO, and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated organisms. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, or Mann-Whitney U tests as appropriate. Factors associated with nosocomial infections were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. Results Compared to patients who were cannulated locally (n=33), patients who underwent cannulation at referral facility and inter-hospital transfer (n=76) had no difference in infections per 1000 ECMO days (33.1 vs. 30.5, p=0.74) or in infections with multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) (50% vs. 55%, p=1). Of transferred patients, those transferred by aircraft (n=11) had no difference in infection rate (22.4 vs. 31.8 per 1000 ECMO days, p= 0.39) or MDRO incidence (52% vs 75%, p=0.61) compared to those only transferred by ambulance (n=65). Multivariate analysis showed the greatest risk factor for nosocomial infection was time on ECMO (OR 12.2 for longest tertile time on ECMO vs. shortest tertile, p=0.0001); transport was not significantly associated with infection (OR 2.1, p=0.06). Nosocomial infection rate by site of ECMO cannulation Conclusion This study did not find a significant difference in nosocomial infection rate or recovery of MDROs between transported and non-transported patients on ECMO, regardless of transport modality. This study suggests that transportation is not the primary driver of nosocomial infections in this cohort. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units in Shahid Sayyad-E-Shirazi Hospital of Gorgan During 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Golsha ◽  
Nadia Ashoori ◽  
Mohammad Tajik ◽  
Ahmad Sohrabi ◽  
Maryam Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Understanding the pattern of infections in the intensive care unit and the correct pattern of antibiotic use is vital in reducing mortality. Identification of risk factors for nosocomial infection and preventive approaches can be effective in reducing the incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the intensive care unit (ICU) acquired infection. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients admitted to the ICU of Sayyad Shirazi Hospital during 2016-18. All patients' information recorded and analyzed by SPSS version 16. Results: In this study, the nosocomial infection rate was 3.5%, mostly in individuals over 60 years old. Most of the positive cultures were from two sources of urine and then blood. The organisms observed in nosocomial infections were Escherichia coli (16.9%), Staphylococcus epidermis (11.5%), Enterococci, and Enterobacter. The most commonly used antibiotics were vancomycin and then meropenem. Antibiogram results indicated the highest antibiotic resistance (100%) to cefazolin, piperacillin and clindamycin, and 96.8% to ceftriaxone. Vancomycin and amikacin had the lowest resistance. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the incidence of nosocomial infection is unavoidable, and its control is the most important health goals of medical centers. Proper treatment interventions are needed to reduce the impact of nosocomial infection.

Nosocomial Infections in a Children's Hospital in Argentina: Impact of a Unique Infection Control Intervention Program

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 762-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela de Gentile ◽  
Noemi Rivas ◽  
Ronda L. Sinkowitz-Cochran ◽  
Teresa Momesso ◽  
Emilio Martinez Iriart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Parental Assistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infection Rate ◽  
Control Education

AbstractObjective:To assess the efficacy of parental education and use of parents as nursing assistants on reducing nosocomial infections.Design:Prospective study.Methods:Active surveillance for nosocomial infections was performed on two wards. On ward A, parents were educated about infection control practices and assisted nursing staff with routine tasks, so that nursing personnel could focus their efforts on procedures with higher risk of infection. Parental assistance was not sought on ward B, the comparison ward.Results:From October 1990 through September 1991, 1,081 patients were admitted to wards A (470) or B (611). The overall nosocomial infection rate was 7.1 per 100 admissions; the nosocomial infection rate was significantly higher on ward B than ward A (63/611 vs 14/470; P<.001). Multivariate analysis identified risk factors for nosocomial infection on the two wards as age <2 years (P=.01), malnutrition (P=.005), duration of hospitalization (P<.001), ward B hospitalization (P=.003), and ward cleanliness score (P=.009); the distribution of patients with these factors was similar on the two wards.Conclusions:Our data suggest that parental infection control education and recruitment to relieve nursing staff of routine low-risk procedures are economical and easily implemented measures to reduce nosocomial infections in hospitals with limited personnel resources in the developing world.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on Otolaryngology trainees: A comprehensive nationwide cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma S. Al Sharhan ◽  
Mohammed H. Al Bar ◽  
Abdulmalik S. AlSaied ◽  
Abdulaziz S. ALEnazi ◽  
Hussain J. Aljubran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: As a consequence of the COVID-19 global pandemic, otolaryngology residents are at high risk due to the nature of the specialty and long work hours. Moreover, COVID-19 could have a severe impact on residents from different frontline specialties, particularly otolaryngology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nationwide survey providing insights into the impact of COVID-19 on otolaryngology residents.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among all otolaryngology training centers of Saudi Arabia to investigate the extent of the impact of COVID-19 on otolaryngology residents and the learning process.Results: A total of 152 residents were contacted to participate in the study, and 101 participants were included after successfully completing the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 28.12 years (S.D. = 1.89, max = 36, min = 25). There has been a significant impact on outpatient clinics, elective operations, consultations, and working hours. Also, we evaluated the impact on academic training activities, the frequency of training activities per week, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on otolaryngology residents as well.Conclusion: COVID-19 has had a serious impact on residents both physically and mentally; otolaryngology residents have been hit especially hard by this emergency pandemic period. Trainees suffered from excessive worries regarding clinical training, specifically academic concerns for different training levels. Further studies need to be done here in Saudi Arabia to evaluate this impact in greater detail and to protect the residents.

P0593INCIDENCE AND IMPACT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) IN A THIRD LEVEL HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenceslao Aguilera Morales ◽  
Alfonso Lara Ruiz ◽  
Irene Díaz Díez ◽  
Marina Almenara Tejederas ◽  
Mercedes Salgueira Lazo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Units ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Hospital

Abstract Background and Aims The AKI index is increasing, reaching 22% in hospitalized patients. Despite the negative impact it implies, in daily practice its management remains suboptimal and there is little awareness of the problem. Aims: Know the incidence of AKI in a Third-level hospital; its impact on mortality, average stay and associated costs. Method Descriptive cross-sectional study of data extracted from CMBDA corresponding to a third level hospital during 2016-17. We analyze: hospitalization episodes, referral assistance units, AKI episodes at discharge, stays and exitus. To calculate associated costs, we use as reference the costs/day-hospitalization per Healthcare Unit in SAS according to BOJA-Number 218 (14nov2016). We compare groups according to presence/no AKI. Limitations: These data may be underestimated since the diagnosis of AKI may be present and not reported upon discharge; Nor do we include dialysis costs. Results 56,816 revenues were produced; 3,589 reported AKI (incidence: 6.31%). Patients with AKI add 42,801 stays; Average stay of 18.4 days in 2016, 16.4 in 2017, compared to 6.6 and 8.7 days respectively when FRA is not associated (p &lt;0.01). The estimated costs associated with the FRA were 22,815,558 euros, with a cost / episode of 6023 euros, compared to 3523 euros in patients without FRA. The overall associated mortality AKI was 23.2% vs 11% in the rest (p &lt;0.01). Average stay, costs and mortality vary widely according to the Assistance Units, the impact being especially worrying in Surgical Units (table). Conclusion The incidence of AKI in our hospital lower than that referred to in the literature probably responds to inadequate registration in discharge reports. Despite the limitations, our data demonstrate the impact of the diagnosis of AKI in hospitalized patients, doubling the average stay, costs and mortality. These differences are accentuated in some Assistance Units, being especially alarming in Surgical Units.

scholarly journals The Percentage of Vaccine Hesitancy among Married Individuals in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Study in Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mahmoud ◽  
Maha M. Alanazi ◽  
Maha S. Albarrak ◽  
Najd K. Aljarba ◽  
Nehal G. Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Vaccines are largely regarded as one of medicine’s greatest breakthroughs, yet vaccination rates have been declining in many parts of the world in recent years. Although there are numerous contributing variables to decreased vaccination rates, it is critical to evaluate the impact of the relevant factors. Also, because we are in the midst of a sad epidemic and vaccination for COVID-19 is critical to maintaining public health and limiting the virus’s spread, there is a risk of vaccine rejection on the horizon. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Five hundred and fourteen married Riyadh inhabitants aged 18 years and over were issued an online Web-based survey. The research took place from June to October 2020. The study calculates the percentage of vaccination apprehension and analyzes immunization attitudes and knowledge. It also contrasts the participants’ attitudes regarding vaccines before and during the COVID-19 global pandemic, as well as the associated causes for vaccine reluctance and rejection. <b><i>Result:</i></b> The majority of the respondents (48.1%) were between 37–47 and 26–36 years of age (37.5%). Females (80%) made up the majority of the group. Around 66.3% of participants have a bachelor’s degree, and 80.8% have an average monthly income. During the pandemic, 38.5% of participants said they do not want to be vaccinated. When comparing vaccine-hesitant participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, it was discovered that the percentage of vaccine-hesitant participants was significantly higher in the younger age-group (&#x3c;36 years), those who had been married for more than 10 years, those with 1–3 children (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and those who did not work (<i>p</i> = 0.002). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The percentage of people who are hesitant to get vaccinated has grown by 5.2% from the previous level, and the level of reluctance has increased by 2.3%.

Assessment of the Value of Repeated Point-Prevalence Surveys for Analyzing the Trend in Nosocomial Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Sartor ◽  
Anne Delchambre ◽  
Laurence Pascal ◽  
Michel Drancourt ◽  
Philippe De Micco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Case Mix ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Nosocomial Infection Rate ◽  
Significant Downward Trend

AbstractObjective:To assess the value of repeated point-prevalence surveys in measuring the trend in nosocomial infections after adjustment for case mix.Setting:A 3,500-bed teaching facility composed of 4 acute care hospitals.Methods:From May 1992 to June 1996, eight point-prevalence surveys of nosocomial infections were performed in the hospitals using a sampling process. The trend of adjusted nosocomial infection rates was studied for the four surveys that collected data on indwelling catheters. Adjusted rates were calculated using a logistic regression model and a direct standardization method.Results:From 1992 to 1996, a total of 20,238 patients were included in the 8 point-prevalence surveys. The nosocomial infection rate decreased from 8.6% in 1992 to 5% in 1996 (P< .001). The analysis of adjusted nosocomial infection rates included 9,600 patients. Four independent risk factors were identified; length of stay greater than 12 days, hospitalization in an intensive care unit, presence of an indwelling urinary catheter, and history of a surgical procedure. After adjustment for case mix, the nosocomial infection rate still showed a downward trend (from 7.2% in 1993 to 5.1% in 1996;P= .02).Conclusion:Adjusted prevalence rates of nosocomial infections showed a significant downward trend during the period of this study.

scholarly journals Relationship of Nurse's Knowledge with Measures Nosocomial Infection Prevention in the Room Internal Care of a Regional General Hospital, Majene Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-319
Author(s):  
Munadiah Wahyuddin ◽  
Suaib. B ◽  
Muhammad Nuraditya
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired by the patient when the patient is in the nursing care process at the hospital that occurs at least after 3 x 24 hours since the patient started treatment in the hospital. The risk of nosocomial infection in addition to occurring in patients who are hospitalized, can also occur in hospital staff. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses' knowledge and prevention of nosocomial infections in the internal care room of the Majene Regency General Hospital. This research is an analytical survey research with a cross sectional study approach. The sample in this study were all nurses in the internal treatment room of the Majene Regency General Hospital as many as 30 people. Collecting data by using a questionnaire. The results showed that the level of knowledge of the majority of respondents about nosocomial infections was good, namely 27 people (90%) and the level of knowledge of respondents about prevention of nosocomial infections was good, namely 18 people (60%). Based on the results of the Fisher's exact test, the value of p = 0.054 which means it is greater than the value of = 0.05, which means that there is no relationship between the level of knowledge and the behavior of nurses on prevention of nosocomial infections. Keywords: Knowledge, Nosocomial Infections, Preventive Measures.

Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Thea Schwaneberg ◽  
Holger Diener ◽  
Ralf Hohnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

The impact of the use of a footrest on the quality of chest compressions. A prospective, randomized, cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Majer ◽  
Sandra Pyda ◽  
Jerzy Robert Ladny ◽  
Antonio Rodriguez-Nunez ◽  
Lukasz Szarpak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact
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