scholarly journals Two-Phase Optimization Models for Liner Shipping Network Based on Hub Ports Cooperation: From the Perspective of Supply-Side Reform in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jingmiao Zhou ◽  
Yuzhe Zhao ◽  
Xingwen Niu
Keyword(s):  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Optimization Models ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Phase Models ◽  
Phase Optimization ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Liner Service

From the perspective of supply-side reform in China, it is hard for COSCO Shipping, a merged company with a strong shipping capacity, to abandon the container shipping market. Meanwhile, the new company could cooperate with new strategic ports along the Maritime Silk Road in liner service. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to optimize the liner shipping network (LSN) from strategic, tactical, and operational levels and help the merged shipping company adjust its operational measures according to market changes. The optimization towards different levels of decision-making process is a new research of highly practical values. Specifically, this paper created two-phase optimization models for LSN based on the selection of hub ports. In Network Assessment (NA) phase, the LSNs of two types of hub ports selected are designed and assessed on strategic and tactical levels, and the primary and secondary routes are identified; in Network Operation (NO) phase, the “path-based flow” formulations are proposed from the operational level, considering operational measures including demand rejection and flow integration. The models in both phases are mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), but are solved by different tools: CPLEX for the NA phase models and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for the NO phase models due to the computational complexity of the latter problem. Then, a computational experiment is performed on the LSN of COSCO Shipping on the Persian Gulf trade lane. The results have proved the effectiveness of the methodology and inspired important countermeasures for the merged shipping company.

Network Design for Shipping Service of Large-Scale Intermodal Liners

2012 ◽  
Vol 2269 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Meng ◽  
Shuaian Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Proposed Model

A model was developed for network design of a shipping service for large-scale intermodal liners that captured essential practical issues, including consistency with current services, slot purchasing, inland and maritime transportation, multiple-type containers, and origin-to-destination transit time. The model used a liner shipping hub-and-spoke network to facilitate laden container routing from one port to another. Laden container routing in the inland transportation network was combined with the maritime network by defining a set of candidate export and import ports. Empty container flow is described on the basis of path flow and leg flow in the inland and maritime networks, respectively. The problem of network design for shipping service of an intermodal liner was formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model. The proposed model was used to design the shipping services for a global liner shipping company.

scholarly journals Advantages and disadvantages from enforcing emission restrictions within emission control areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Dulebenets
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Approximation Procedure ◽  
Service Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mathematical Programs ◽  
Linearization Techniques

Purpose Emissions produced by oceangoing vessels not only negatively affect the environment but also may deteriorate health of living organisms. Several regulations were released by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to alleviate negative externalities from maritime transportation. Certain polluted areas were designated as “Emission Control Areas” (ECAs). However, IMO did not enforce any restrictions on the actual quantity of emissions that could be produced within ECAs. This paper aims to perform a comprehensive assessment of advantages and disadvantages from introducing restrictions on the emissions produced within ECAs. Two mixed-integer non-linear mathematical programs are presented to model the existing IMO regulations and an alternative policy, which along with the established IMO requirements also enforces restrictions on the quantity of emissions produced within ECAs. A set of linearization techniques are applied to linearize both models, which are further solved using the dynamic secant approximation procedure. Numerical experiments demonstrate that introduction of emission restrictions within ECAs can significantly reduce pollution levels but may incur increasing route service cost for the liner shipping company. Design/methodology/approach Two mixed-integer non-linear mathematical programs are presented to model the existing IMO regulations and an alternative policy, which along with the established IMO requirements also enforces restrictions on the quantity of emissions produced within ECAs. A set of linearization techniques are applied to linearize both models, which are further solved using the dynamic secant approximation procedure. Findings Numerical experiments were conducted for the French Asia Line 3 route, served by CMA CGM liner shipping company and passing through ECAs with sulfur oxide control. It was found that introduction of emission restrictions reduced the quantity of sulfur dioxide emissions produced by 40.4 per cent. In the meantime, emission restrictions required the liner shipping company to decrease the vessel sailing speed not only at voyage legs within ECAs but also at the adjacent voyage legs, which increased the total vessel turnaround time and in turn increased the total route service cost by 7.8 per cent. Research limitations/implications This study does not capture uncertainty in liner shipping operations. Practical implications The developed mathematical model can serve as an efficient practical tool for liner shipping companies in developing green vessel schedules, enhancing energy efficiency and improving environmental sustainability. Originality/value Researchers and practitioners seek for new mathematical models and environmental policies that may alleviate pollution from oceangoing vessels and improve energy efficiency. This study proposes two novel mathematical models for the green vessel scheduling problem in a liner shipping route with ECAs. The first model is based on the existing IMO regulations, whereas the second one along with the established IMO requirements enforces emission restrictions within ECAs. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to assess advantages and disadvantages from introducing emission restrictions within ECAs.

scholarly journals Location of regional and international hub ports in liner shipping

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zheng ◽  
Cong Fu ◽  
Haibo Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Location Problem ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Hub Location ◽  
Hub Location Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Western Asia

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the location of regional and international hub ports in liner shipping by proposing a hierarchical hub location problem. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming model for the authors’ proposed problem. Numerical experiments based on a realistic Asia-Europe-Oceania liner shipping network are carried out to account for the effectiveness of this model. Findings The results show that one international hub port (i.e. Rotterdam) and one regional hub port (i.e. Zeebrugge) are opened in Europe. Two international hub ports (i.e. Sokhna and Salalah) are located in Western Asia, where no regional hub port is established. One international hub port (i.e. Colombo) and one regional hub port (i.e. Cochin) are opened in Southern Asia. One international hub port (i.e. Singapore) and one regional hub port (i.e. Jakarta) are opened in Southeastern Asia and Australia. Three international hub ports (i.e. Hong Kong, Shanghai and Yokohama) and two regional hub ports (i.e. Qingdao and Kwangyang) are opened in Eastern Asia. Originality/value This paper proposes a hierarchical hub location problem, in which the authors distinguish between regional and international hub ports in liner shipping. Moreover, scale economies in ship size are considered. Furthermore, the proposed problem introduces the main ports.

scholarly journals An inland-depots-for-empty-containers-model for the hinterland

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Finke ◽  
Herbert Kotzab
Keyword(s):  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Total System ◽  
Empty Container ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Linear Optimization Model ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Optimization ◽  
Empty Containers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to figure out in which way a hinterland-based inland depot model can help a shipping company in solving the empty container problem at a regional level. The repositioning of empty containers is a very expensive operation that does not generate profits. Consequently, it is very important to provide an efficient empty container management. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the empty container problem is discussed at a regional repositioning level. For solving this problem, a mixed-integer linear optimization model is developed and validated by using the German hinterland as a case. Findings The findings show that the hinterland-based solution is able to reduce the total system costs by 40 per cent. In addition, total of truck kilometres could be reduced by more than 30 per cent too. Research limitations/implications This research is based on German data only. Originality/value This paper closes the gap in empty container repositioning research by looking at the hinterland dimension from a single shipping company point of view.

Two-phase and single phase models of flow of nanofluid in a square cavity: Comparison with experimental results

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ziad Saghir ◽  
Amirhossein Ahadi ◽  
Tooraj Yousefi ◽  
Bahram Farahbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Square Cavity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Phase Models

Some aspects of testing of two-phase models in the RELAP-5/2 code

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-772
Author(s):  
M. I. Marinov ◽  
B. D. Dimitrov ◽  
E. L. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase ◽  
Phase Models
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document