scholarly journals Identifying Factors Contributing to the Motorcycle Crash Severity in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amjad Pervez ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee ◽  
Helai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Motorcycle Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes

Motorcycle is a popular mode of transportation in many developing countries, including Pakistan. Since the last decade, the registered number of motorcycles in Pakistan has increased by six times, constituting 74% of the total registered vehicles. However, limited research efforts have been made to investigate motorcycle-related safety issues in Pakistan. Thus, the relationship between potential risk factors and injury outcomes of motorcycle crashes is still unclear in the country. This study, therefore, established a random parameter logit model to examine the factors associated with the motorcycle injury severity. The analysis is based on two years (2014–2015) of data collected through the road traffic injuries surveillance system from Karachi city, Pakistan. The results indicate that the summer season, weekends, nighttime, elderly riders, heavy vehicle, and single-vehicle collisions are positively associated with fatalities, while the presence of pillion passengers and motorcycle-to-motorcycle crashes are negatively associated with fatalities. More importantly, in the specific context of Pakistan, morning hours, young riders, and female pillion passengers whose clothes stuck in the wheel significantly increase the fatal injury outcomes. Based on the findings, potential countermeasures to improve motorcycle safety are discussed, such as strict enforcement to control motorcyclists' risky behavior and speeding, provision of exclusive motorcycles lanes, and education of female pillion passengers. The findings from this study would increase awareness of motorcycle safety and can be used by the policymakers to enhance road safety in Pakistan, as well as in other developing countries with similar situations.

SOME TRAFFIC SAFETY ISSUES AT UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN THE CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12(81)) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
V. Volkov ◽  
E. Nabatnikova ◽  
E. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Hourly Interval ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Speed Mode

The groups of participants of the pedestrian and automobile flows, whose actions cause the greatest danger to the occurrence of conflict situations in the zone of unregulated transition, are identified. The factors determining the likelihood of a traffic accident at an unregulated transition are systematized, for which probability estimates of the occurrence of road traffic accidents are calculated. As an estimated parameter, the hazard coefficient of a conflict point of an unregulated transition is proposed, which is determined by the ratio of the probability of a traffic accident in the real-time hourly interval to the average annual probability of a traffic accident reduced to the hourly interval. The dependences of the hazard ratio of an unregulated transition are established on the most significant factors: the speed mode of transport in the area before the transition and the state of the road surface.

scholarly journals Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6439
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Febres ◽  
Miguel Ángel Mariscal ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
Susana García-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Unsafe Behavior ◽  
Health Organization

Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.

Understanding Emerging Motorcyclist Segments in Crashes using Florida Crash Data and Statewide Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (34) ◽  
pp. 106-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanyoung Lee ◽  
Behzad Karimi ◽  
Siwon Jang ◽  
Victoria Salow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Motorcycle Safety ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Injury Models ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes

The United States experienced a continued sharp increase in motorcycle fatalities between 1997 and 2008, with a 9% average annual increase, which resulted in a rapid doubling of motorcycle fatalities within a decade. After a major decline in both the number of fatalities and the fatality rate between 2008 and 2009, motorcycle fatalities and fatality rates have been fluctuating. It was discovered that the demographics of motorcyclists involved in fatal motorcycle crashes have changed because of an increase in the number of motorcyclists under age 30 and over age 50 during the past 10 years. As a result, motorcyclists in the United States can be clustered into three distinct segments by age in crash experiences. This study used motorcycle crash data in Florida that observed similar demographic changes and explored characteristics of the three segments. Descriptive analyses including Chi-square tests showed that each segment had different crash outcomes and different levels of exposure to common risk factors. Crash injury models were developed to understand variables that increase the level of injury severity in each segment. A statewide survey was completed to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of the three motorcyclist segments in Florida, which often are not available through crash data. Overall, the three motorcycle segments identified in this study have unique riding characteristics and crash outcomes. This is essential information for developing and managing motorcycle safety programs in an effective and efficient manner.

scholarly journals Motorcycle Conspicuity Issues and Intervention: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Syukri ABDUL KHALID ◽  
Nor Kamaliana KHAMIS ◽  
Mohd Radzi ABU MANSOR ◽  
Azhar HAMZAH
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Brake Light ◽  
The World ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes

Background: Conspicuity has been one of the key factors in motorcycle road crashes around the world. The inability and difficulty of other road users in detecting motorcycles either at day or at night have contributed to conspicuity related motorcycle crashes. This literature review attempts to understand the motorcycle conspicuity issues in road traffic. The review also analyses relevant types of conspicuity intervention in terms of its effectiveness in enhancing motorcycle conspicuity that had been discussed in past studies. Methods: Using specific keywords and search terms, relevant articles were screened, identified and analyzed systematically using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Twenty-seven final articles were reviewed and found that almost every part of motorcycle and motorcyclist’s conspicuity intervention have been covered in past studies. In terms of conspicuity aids, the majority of past studies discussed conspicuity enhancement in the frontal area, particularly on motorcycle daytime running headlight (DRH) color and configurations. Few other studies have discussed in other areas, particularly on rear running and brake light and motorcycle color. There were also numerous studies looking at motorcyclists’ appearances in terms of their attire and helmet color. Conclusion: Motorcycle and motorcyclist’s appearances are highly associated with the risk of motorcycle crashes. The most important part of enhancing motorcycle conspicuity is to ensure motorcycle appearance is always in contrast with the road traffic environment.

scholarly journals Vehicle Alerting and Accident Detection System at Hairpin Bend Curves Using IOT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 2235-2241
Author(s):  
Puneeth S P
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Led Light ◽  
The Road ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Accident Detection

In the developing countries accident is the major cause of death. “Speed Kills”, but still people don’t care enough to act safe while driving on road. Road traffic accidents and deaths caused by them are most critical issues now days. It is also impacting the country’s economy. According to Million Death Study (MDS) about 2.3 million people die in India per year. In that 137 thousand is because of road accidents. That is about 377 people per day. In that 3.7% because of failed to look the road. We can see that many of them are curve roads. In the mountain roads there will be tight curves and the roads will be narrow. In these kinds of situations the driver of a vehicle cannot see vehicles coming from opposite side on the roads. Thousands of people lose their lives each year because of this problem. Since we are talking about mountain roads here other side might lead to a cliff and heavy bends. The solution for this problem is alerting the driver about the vehicles coming from opposite side in Ghats sections. This is done by keeping an ULTRASONIC SENSOR on one side of the road before the curve and keeping a LED light after the curve, so that if a vehicle comes from one end of the curve, sensor senses and LED light glows at the opposite side. By looking at the LED light on/off criteria driver can be alert and can slow down the speed of the vehicle.

Exploratory Research of Driving Fault-Tolerance of Road Traffic Devices: A New Traffic Safety Concept

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Li Wei Hu ◽  
Yu Long Pei ◽  
Mei Ru Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Tolerance Theory

This paper analyses the source and development of fault tolerance theory, and discusses the working process of fault tolerance, and illustrates the workflow and dependability of fault tolerance. So there is a widespread belief that this is feasible that fault tolerance theory is used in the traffic safety study. Base on summarizing fault tolerance factors, the paper gives fault tolerance conceptual model primarily which could be used in the road traffic safety research. Above all, the paper presents a new idea which study traffic safety issues from the perspective of fault-tolerant , and this is important core content of the paper, and is the purpose of writing this article too.

Delay Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm at the Road Intersection

2021 ◽  
pp. 762-772
Author(s):  
Bharti Sharma ◽  
Sachin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Real Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Delay Optimization ◽  
The City

Metropolitan road traffic mechanisms in developing countries are a critical problem due to fast motorization. The optimization of traffic control is one method to decrease this problem. In this study, a genetic algorithm was implemented to minimize delay at an intersection by finding red and green cycle intervals at an intersection. The objective function minimizes the delay at an intersection and increases progressive flows of traffic on roads. The study was done on real data collected from three t- intersections in the city of Hardwar, India. Traffic data for traffic flows, queue sizes, and traffic speed are collected using video detection systems in the study area. The digital images from the camera were analyzed in real time. The results show that the traffic control performance is improved up to 85% over existing algorithms proposed by the same author.

Road Traffic Accident Characteristics in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishtiaque Ahmed ◽  
Bayes Ahmed ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Metropolitan Police ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Data

Over the next decade, developing countries like Bangladesh will experience an alarming increase in road accidents and this will continue to remain as a serious challenge. Developing countries are experiencing a very high growth rate of vehicles, which is doubling the vehicle fleet in some countries in even five years. The complexity of the road environment with mixed traffic is another reality of road transportation in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where road planning and designs are not appropriate for mixed traffic conditions. Of particular concern are the urban intersections where differential approach speed is a major problem. The heterogeneity of traffic exceeding the capacity, plying of modes with varying speed and maneuvering time make the road links as well as intersections of Dhaka even more complex. The objectives of the study are to determine the characteristics of the road traffic accidents of Dhaka city for the following parameters: a) Traffic accident trend b) Traffic Control Parameters c) Traffic Accident at Junctions d) Traffic Control and Road Dividers e) Traffic Accidents and Road Geometry. Traffic accident data for the period of year 2007-2011 were collected from the Police Stations of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) area. The data were compiled from the Police Reports accident by accident and analyzed using an MS Access based database and additionally an ArcGIS software for the selected variables. All the roadway sections and intersections of Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) were considered in the study. A total number of two thousand seven hundred twenty (2720) accidents that were recorded by police during the period of year 2007-2011 were analyzed. The study revealed that a) number of accidents in Dhaka is reducing by more than ten (10) percent every year b) Sixty three percent (63%) of the accidents took place where there was no traffic control  c) Only twenty nine percent (29%) of the accidents took place at intersection areas and T-junctions were found to be the most vulnerable junction type d) Seventy three percent (73%) accidents occurred on divided roadways or where only one-way traffic movement existed e) Ninety seven percent (97%) of the accidents occurred on straight road sections. Improvement of the traffic accident data collection system in Dhaka is necessary.  Detailed study on under-reporting of traffic accident is also recommended.

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