scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of Immunological Properties of Haemophilus influenzae Enolase

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yesenia Osorio-Aguilar ◽  
Maria Cristina Gonzalez-Vazquez ◽  
Patricia Lozano-Zarain ◽  
Ygnacio Martinez-Laguna ◽  
Alejandro Carabarin-Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Different Strains

Haemophilus influenzae is a common organism of the human upper respiratory tract; this bacterium is responsible of a wide spectrum for respiratory infections and can generate invasive diseases such as meningitis and septicemia. These infections are associated with H. influenzae encapsulated serotype b. However, the incidence of invasive disease caused by nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) has increased in the post-H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine era. Currently, an effective vaccine against NTHi is not available; due to this, it is important to find an antigen capable to confer protection against NTHi infection. In this study, 10 linear B cell epitopes and 13 CTL epitopes and a putative plasminogen-binding motif (252FYNKENGMY260) and the presence of enolase on the surface of different strains of H. influenzae were identified in the enolase sequence of H. influenzae. Both in silico and experimental results showed that recombinant enolase from H. influenzae is immunogenic that could induce a humoral immune response; this was observed mediating the generation of specific polyclonal antibodies anti-rNTHiENO that recognize typeable and nontypeable H. influenzae strains. The immunogenic properties and the superficial localization of enolase in H. influenzae, important characteristics to be considered as a new candidate for the development of a vaccine, were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Silent Mastoiditis Associated with Pneumococcal Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ashikin Mohd Nordin ◽  
Jean Jun Ong ◽  
Juriza Ismail ◽  
Norazlin Kamal Nor ◽  
Sau Wei Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Acute Mastoiditis ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S pneumoniae) can cause a wide spectrum of diseases which includes upper respiratory tract infection as well as more severe invasive disease such as meningitis. Meningitis may be caused by invasion of the organism through the blood brain barrier, either via haematological spread or from an adjacent focus of infection such as the ears. We describe two infants with pneumococcal meningitis and silent mastoiditis. They both presented with a classical history to suggest meningitis with no apparent focus of infection. A brain imaging was done in the first infant to look for the underlying cause of his focal seizure and in the second infant, to assess for complications of meningitis, as he had a slow recovery. While they did not have any clinical signs to point towards the diagnosis, they were both diagnosed to have acute mastoiditis from brain imaging. We would like to highlight the importance of brain imaging in excluding silent mastoiditis in infants with meningitis, particularly in those whose clinical course appears atypical.

scholarly journals Fatal, Fulminant and Invasive Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection in a Preterm Infant: A Re-Emerging Cause of Neonatal Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Srabani Bharadwaj ◽  
Suresh Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Group B

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is a major cause of neonatal death and long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities among survivors. The common pathogens causing EOS are group B streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli. Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that can cause severe invasive disease and can be divided into either typeable or non-typeable strains. H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) is the most virulent and the major cause of bacterial meningitis in young children prior to routine immunization against Hib. Hib infection rates have dramatically reduced since then. However, a number of studies have reported an increasing incidence of non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) sepsis in neonates worldwide and concluded that pregnant women may have an increased risk to invasive NTHi disease with poor pregnancy outcomes. We present a case of fulminant neonatal sepsis caused by NTHi in an extremely preterm infant and discuss potential preventative measures to reduce its re-emergence.

scholarly journals Emergence of Non-Serotype b EncapsulatedHaemophilus influenzaeas a Cause of Pediatric Meningitis in Northwestern Ontario

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Sadeghi-Aval ◽  
Raymond SW Tsang ◽  
Frances B Jamieson ◽  
Marina Ulanova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Clonal Nature ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Meningitis In Children

Before the introduction of the conjugate vaccine,Haemophilus influenzaeserotype b (Hib) was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children. Although successful in reducing Hib cases, the vaccine confers no protection against other serotypes ofH influenzae, such as a (Hia), or f (Hif). The emergence of invasive disease caused by non-Hib in northwestern Ontario (38 cases between 2002 and 2008) with predominance of Hia was previously reported by the authors. At that time, no cases of pediatric meningitis caused byH influenzaewere recorded in the region. Continued surveillance identified 12 new cases of invasive non-Hib between January 2009 and July 2011. Among these cases, three young children developed meningitis with severe complications caused by Hia or Hif. The present article describes these cases along with the characteristics of recentH influenzaeisolates from the region, (ie, their genetic background and antibiotic sensitivity). The findings point to the clonal nature of circulating Hia strains as well as to an increase in frequency and severity of pediatric invasiveH influenzaeinfections in northwestern Ontario.

scholarly journals Subtyping of Haemophilus influenzaeStrains by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2142-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsumasa Saito ◽  
Akiko Umeda ◽  
Shin-ichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Serotype B

A total of 200 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were analyzed by serotyping, biotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 178 epidemiologically unrelated strains of H. influenzae demonstrated a variety of genome patterns by PFGE, and 165 genotypes were thus obtained in this study. PFGE typing proved to have a much stronger discriminatory power than either serotyping or biotyping. Six serotype b strains were all classified into discrete genotypes. A PFGE analysis of 18 strains obtained from the nasopharynx, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis also supported the hypothesis that invasive H. influenzaedisseminates from the nasopharynx to the bloodstream and then subsequently to other body sites. PFGE typing of 10 other strains isolated from household contacts of patients with H. influenzae infection revealed that the strain that caused theH. influenzae infection often colonized the nasopharynges of household contacts. Our findings suggest that PFGE analysis is useful for the epidemiological study of H. influenzaeinfection, even when the invasive disease is caused by serotype b strains.

scholarly journals Spontaneous capsule loss in Haemophilus influenzae serotype b associated with Hib conjugate vaccine failure and invasive disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meyler ◽  
M. Meehan ◽  
D. Bennett ◽  
R. Mulhall ◽  
O. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Serotype B

Haemophilus influenzae serotype b and a capsule-deficient type mutant (b−) invasive disease in a partially vaccinated child in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia G. S. Caldeira ◽  
Ivano de Filippis ◽  
Tânia Catão Arruda ◽  
Maria Eulália Côrte Real ◽  
Alice Batalha de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Type Mutant ◽  
Serotype B

scholarly journals Invasive Disease Due to Haemophilus influenzae Serotype f: Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics in the H. influenzae Serotype b Vaccine Era

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Urwin ◽  
J. A. Krohn ◽  
K. D. Robinson ◽  
J. D. Wenger ◽  
M. M. Farley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics

scholarly journals Identification of Haemophilus influenzae Clones Associated with Invasive Disease a Decade after Introduction of H. influenzae Serotype b Vaccination in Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giufrè ◽  
Rita Cardines ◽  
Marisa Accogli ◽  
Manuela Pardini ◽  
Marina Cerquetti
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iga1 Protease ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTThe introduction ofHaemophilus influenzaeserotype b (Hib) conjugate vaccines has changed the epidemiology of invasiveH. influenzaedisease, with a shift in the predominant serotype from Hib to nonencapsulatedH. influenzae(ncHi). The objective of this study was to identify the genotypes/clones associated with invasiveH. influenzaedisease in Italy. Eighty-sevenH. influenzaestrains isolated in the years 2009 to 2011 within the National Surveillance of Invasive Bacterial Disease program were analyzed. Strains were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Genetic polymorphisms in theblaTEMgene promoter region as well as the occurrence of both adhesin genes (hmwAandhia) and the IgA1 protease-encoding gene (igaB) were also investigated. Of 87 strains, 67 were ncHi and 20 were encapsulated. Eleven strains were β-lactamase positive, harboring theblaTEMgene. MostblaTEMgenes (10/11) were associated with a Pdel promoter region exhibiting a 135-bp deletion; the remaining strain possessed the Pa/Pb overlapping promoter. MLST analysis showed that encapsulated isolates were clonal, with each serotype sharing a few related sequence types (STs). Forty-six different STs were identified among the 67 ncHi strains. Despite this heterogeneity, a group of closely related STs (ST103, ST139, and ST145) encompassed almost 25% of all ncHi strains and 45.5% of the β-lactamase producers carrying the Pdel promoter. These major ST clones were found to be associated with thehmwAgene but not with theigaBgene. To conclude, although the heterogeneity of the ncHi population was confirmed, diffusion of major successful ST clones was documented.

scholarly journals Vaccinomics driven proteome-wide screening of Haemophilus influenzae for the prediction of common putative vaccine candidates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseeha Bibi ◽  
Najam-us-Sahar Sadaf Zaidi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Different Strains

Haemophilus influenzae colonizes the respiratory tract and is associated with life-threatening invasive infections. The recent rise in its global prevalence, even in the presence of multiple vaccines, indicate an urgent need for developing cross-strain effective vaccine strategies. Our work focused on identifying the universally conserved antigenic regions of H. influenzae that can be used for developing new vaccines. A variety of bioinformatics tools were applied for the comprehensive geno-proteomic analysis of H. influenzae type “a” strain, as reference serotype, through which subcellular localization, essentiality, virulence, and non-host homology were determined. B and T-Cell epitope mapping of 3D protein structures were performed. Thereafter, molecular docking with HLA DRB1*0101 and comparative genome analysis established the candidature of identified regions. Based on the established vaccinomics criteria, five target proteins were predicted as novel vaccine candidates. Among these, 9 epitopic regions were identified that could regulate the lymphocyte activity through strong protein-protein interactions. Comparative genomic analysis exhibited that the identified regions were highly conserved among the different strains of H. influenzae. Based on multiple immunogenic factors, the five prioritized proteins and their predicted epitopes were identified as the ideal common putative vaccine candidate against typeable strains.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Haemophilus influenzae Enolase and Its Interaction with Human Plasminogen by In Silico and In Vitro Assays

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Yesenia Osorio-Aguilar ◽  
Maria Cristina Gonzalez-Vazquez ◽  
Diana Elizabeth Hernandez-Ceron ◽  
Patricia Lozano-Zarain ◽  
Ygnacio Martinez-Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Kringle Domains ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Pediatric Diseases ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Serotype B

Haemophilus influenzae is the causal agent of invasive pediatric diseases, such as meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, pericarditis, cellulitis, and bacteremia (serotype b). Non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) strains are associated with localized infections, such as otitis media, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia, and can cause invasive diseases, such as as meningitis and sepsis in immunocompromised hosts. Enolase is a multifunctional protein and can act as a receptor for plasminogen, promoting its activation to plasmin, which leads to the degradation of components of the extracellular matrix, favoring host tissue invasion. In this study, using molecular docking, three important residues involved in plasminogen interaction through the plasminogen-binding motif (251EFYNKENGMYE262) were identified in non-typeable H. influenzae enolase (NTHiENO). Interaction with the human plasminogen kringle domains is conformationally stable due to the formation of four hydrogen bonds corresponding to enoTYR253-plgGLU1 (K2), enoTYR253-plgGLY310 (K3), and enoLYS255-plgARG471/enoGLU251-plgLYS468 (K5). On the other hand, in vitro assays, such as ELISA and far-western blot, showed that NTHiENO is a plasminogen-binding protein. The inhibition of this interaction using polyclonal anti-NTHiENO antibodies was significant. With these results, we can propose that NTHiENO–plasminogen interaction could be one of the mechanisms used by H. influenzae to adhere to and invade host cells.

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