scholarly journals Fundus Examination of 23,861 Newborns by Digital Imaging in Ningbo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Delin Liu ◽  
Jiao Zheng ◽  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Term Newborns

Purpose. To perform fundus examinations of full-term and premature infants to identify common congenital ocular diseases and determine the incidence and additional risk factors in Ningbo, China. Methods. Fundus examinations were performed on newborns between January 2017 and July 2020 in Ningbo using a RetCam3 or PanoCam LT wide-field digital imaging system. The neonates’ birth weight, gestational age, gender, delivery mode, oxygen intake, and other conditions were recorded. We compared the incidence of ocular abnormalities in both full-term newborns and premature infants. Results. There were 23,861 newborns in this study comprising 12,605 (52.8%) male and 11,256 (47.2%) female infants, 20,938 full-term babies, and 2,923 premature babies. The average gestational age was 37.9 ± 5.6 weeks, and the average birth weight was 3,189 ± 417 g. Overall, we found ocular abnormalities in 6,645 (27.8%). The most common abnormality in full-term newborns was retinal hemorrhage (RH), which we found in 3,827 (18.3%) cases. Other diseases identified included familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), retinoblastoma (RB), and congenital cataracts. The delivery method had a significant impact on the incidence of neonatal RH ( P < 0.001 ). Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was observed in 617 newborns accounting for 21.1% of all screened premature infants. Logistic analysis showed that gestational age and birth weight were important risk factors for ROP ( P < 0.001 ). For treatable diseases, such as ROP, FEVR, congenital cataract, glaucoma, and RB, early identification allows for active treatment or referral to a specialized hospital for further treatment. Conclusion. Early examination and prompt treatment of ocular disorders in newborns are important to avoid lifelong visual impairment. Eye examinations should be performed during the neonatal period and at regular follow-up visits.

Vaginal Delivery and Low Gestational Age are Key Risk Factors for Hypernatremia in Neonates < 32 Weeks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia S. Eugster ◽  
Florence Corminboeuf ◽  
Gilbert Koch ◽  
Julia E. Vogt ◽  
Thomas Sutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Clinical Complications

Abstract Background Preterm neonates frequently experience hypernatremia (plasma sodium concentrations >145 mmol/l), which is associated with clinical complications, such as intraventricular hemorrhage. Study design In this single center retrospective observational study, the following 7 risk factors for hypernatremia were analyzed in very low gestational age (VLGA, below 32 weeks) neonates: gestational age (GA), delivery mode (DM; vaginal or caesarian section), sex, birth weight, small for GA, multiple birth, and antenatal corticosteroids. Machine learning (ML) approaches were applied to obtain probabilities for hypernatremia. Results 824 VLGA neonates were included (median GA 29.4 weeks, median birth weight 1170 g, caesarean section 83%). 38% of neonates experienced hypernatremia. Maximal sodium concentration of 144 mmol/l (interquartile range 142–147) was observed 52 hours (41–65) after birth. ML identified vaginal delivery and GA as key risk factors for hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia increased with lower GA from 22% for GA ≥ 31–32 weeks to 46% for GA < 31 weeks and 60% for GA < 27 weeks. A linear relationship between maximal sodium concentrations and GA was found, showing decreases of 0.29 mmol/l per increasing week GA in neonates with vaginal delivery and 0.49 mmol/l/week after cesarean section. Sex, multiple birth and antenatal corticosteroids were not associated hypernatremia. Conclusion VLGA neonates with vaginal delivery and low GA have the highest risk for hypernatremia. Early identification of neonates at risk and early intervention may prevent extreme sodium excursions and associated clinical complications.

Shunt infection in the first year of life

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam A. Kebriaei ◽  
Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽  
Steven M. Salinas ◽  
Kristina L. Falkenstrom ◽  
Eric A. Sribnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Average Birth Weight

Object Children younger than 1 year of age are unique in their physiology and comorbidities. Reports in the literature suggest that the risk factors for shunt infection may be different in this population compared with older children. Importantly, these infants often have other congenital malformations requiring various surgical interventions, which impose an additional risk of infection. Methods In the 3-year period between 2008 and 2010, 270 patients underwent initial CSF shunt placement during the 1st year of life. Clinical characteristics, hospital course, and shunt infections were prospectively recorded in the practice and hospital electronic medical record. Special attention was given to types and timing of other invasive procedures and their relationship with shunt infection. Results The average gestational age was 33.6 weeks, and the average birth weight was 2333 g. The average weight at the time of shunt insertion was 4281 g. Prior to shunt insertion, 120 patients underwent 148 surgical procedures, including ventricular access device insertion (n = 63), myelomeningocele closure (n = 37), and cardiac procedures (n = 11), among others. In the 12-month period after shunt insertion, 121 of the 270 patients underwent 135 surgical procedures, which included 79 CSF shunt revisions. Shunt infection occurred in 22 patients, and organisms were identified in 20 cases. Univariate analysis showed that of the very prematurely born infants (gestational age < 30 weeks), those who underwent preshunt cardiac surgery and any surgical procedures within 30 days after the shunt insertion were at a greater risk of shunt infection. In multivariate analysis, preshunt cardiac surgery and surgical procedures within 30 days postshunt placement were significant risk factors independent of gestational age, birth weight, and history of shunt revisions. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that surgical procedures within 30 days after shunt insertion and preshunt cardiac surgery are associated with a greater risk of shunt infection in children in whom these devices were inserted during the 1st year of life.

scholarly journals Maternal risk factors in full-term newborns with early onset sepsis related with Interleukin-6 in umbilical blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio González Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: to determine the relationship and association of early sepsis with interleukin-6 measured in umbilical blood, as well as gestational age and birth weight, prenatal history of the mother pathologies during pregnancy, in full-term newborns at the Neonatology Service of Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital (Quito). Subjects and methods: epidemiological, observational, analytical, cross-sectional. 200 newborns were analyzed. IL-6 was determined by Elisa. Results: newborn mean gestational age 38.4±2 weeks, mean weight 2871±532.4 grams,  cutoff point interleukin 6 ≤14pg/uL; mean of IL6. 58±99,1 pg/uL; male sex was 43.9%, female sex 56.1%; preeclampsia of the mother 22.4%, prenatal infection of the urinary tract 20.4%; vaginitis/vaginosis 19.4%; IL6 values ≤ 14 pg/uL in 63.3% of patients; IL6 values of >14 pg/uL 36.7%; relationship with sepsis in all, p<0.05; relationship of prenatal pre-maternity of the mother and neonatal sepsis. p<0.05; relationship between vaginitis/vaginosis of the mother with neonatal sepsis; p<0.05; OR: 38.88 IC95% (4.912-307.728); association between sepsis and risk factors, IL6, gestational age in weeks, weight, prenatal preeclampsia, prenatal urinary tract infection, vaginitis/vaginosis, p<0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a relationship of risk factors, such as, gestational age in weeks, weight, prenatal preeclampsia, prenatal UTI, vaginitis/vaginosis and values of interleukin 6 ≤ 14 pg/uL. The mean gestational age was 38.4 weeks, and average weight 2871 grams in the newborns analyzed.

scholarly journals The influence of birth weight and gestational age on kidney function in premature infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
Bella D. Tsintsadze ◽  
Klavdiya A. Kazakova ◽  
Vladislav V. Chernikov ◽  
Andrey P. Fisenko ◽  
Aleksey N. Tsygin
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Introduction. The impact of prematurity on the functional state of the kidneys in infants has not yet been sufficiently studied. Aim. To determine the influence of birth weight and gestational age on the creatinine level in the blood and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in early childhood. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records of 316 children aged from 1 month to 1.5 years, hospitalized at the Department of Early Childhood Pathology (National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow) from 2012 to 2020 due to consequences of perinatal CNS damage. Children without congenital kidney diseases, with normal urine values in medical history, without structural abnormalities on ultrasound were included in this study. Serum creatinine was determined by the enzymatic method, GFR - by the Schwartz’s formula using a coefficient of 0.413, as well as, previously proposed coefficients of 0.33 for premature and 0.44 for full-term infants. Results. In premature infants, notably born with extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight, at the age of 1 year, serum creatinine is reduced compared to full-term infants, GFR in deep-premature infants exceeds the level of GFR in full-term infants by the year. The results allow concluding the method of calculating GFR by formulas based on serum creatinine to be invalid. Due to possible hyperfiltration in preterm infants, they need regular monitoring urine tests, blood pressure, due to the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conclusions. It is necessary to search for other methods for determining GFR in extremely premature infants. The established indices of the blood creatinine content can be used as reference values for different periods of gestation and body weight at birth in institutions using the enzymatic method for determining blood creatinine. The obtained GFR indices as a reference can be recommended for full-term and premature babies born after 32 weeks of gestation and with a birth weight of more than 1500 g.

Screening Studies of Retinopathy of Prematurity and Its Prospects for Ophthalmology

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
E.I. Sidorenko ◽  
◽  
G.V. Nikolaeva ◽  
E.E. Sidorenko ◽  
S.A. Obrubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Pathological Angiogenesis ◽  
Preclinical Phase ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation ◽  
Screening Systems

The leading risk factors development of ROP are presented: low gestational age, low birth weight, weight dynamics of a newborn in the first 6 weeks after birth (Winrop algorithm), oxygen inhalation for more than 20–50 days, artificial ventilation for more than 5–7 days, stay in the couvette for more than 4 weeks. Screening prognostic scales in premature infants and laboratory methods for studying a system that fights circulatory hypoxia, the failure of which causes pathological angiogenesis, have been shown. It has been proposed to identify the first preclinical phase in ROP classification, where its pathogenesis is formed, and to develop domestic screening systems for ROP prognosis. Key words: retinopathy of premature, pathogenesis, autoregulation of blood vessels, preclinical phase of retinopathy of premature, screening systems for ROP prognosis.

ABSENCE OF TRANSIENT SUPPRESSION OF SEX CHROMATIN IN FEMALE PREMATURE NEWBORNS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
Takemi Homma ◽  
Tadashi Kajii
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
The Other ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sex Chromatin ◽  
Term Newborns

The frequency of sex chromatin-positive nuclei during the first 7 days of life was determined in oral mucosa smears stained with lactic acetic orcein in three groups of newborn female infants: 28 cases of full-term newborns, 17 cases of infants with low birth weight (less than 2,000 gm) and high gestational age (more than 32 weeks), and 11 cases of infants with low birth weight and low gestational age (32 weeks or less). A transient suppression of sex chromatin frequency was observed for the first 3 days of life in the full-term females, as has been reported by previous workers. The infants with low birth weight and high gestational age likewise showed transient suppression. The infants with low birth weight and low gestational age, on the other hand, exhibited no comparable suppression of sex chromatin. The findings suggest that the mechanism responsible for sex chromatin suppression is related to a physiologic process that develops in the last 8 weeks of gestation.

scholarly journals Fatores de Risco para Sépsis Associada aos Cuidados de Saúde em Recém-nascidos de Muito Baixo Peso

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Pereira ◽  
Ema Grilo ◽  
Patrícia Cardoso ◽  
Natália Noronha ◽  
Cristina Resende
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Healthcare Associated

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Healthcare associated infections in very low birth weight infants are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and are also a cause of increased length of stay and hospital costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of healthcare-associated sepsis and associated risk factors in very low birth weight infants.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Retrospective observational study including very low birth weight infants hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during ten years (2005-2014). We evaluated the association between several risk factors and healthcare-associated sepsis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> 461 very low birth weight infants were admitted. There were 110 episodes of HS in 104 very low birth weight infants and 53 episodes of sepsis associated with central vascular catheter. The density of the sepsis was 7.5/1 000 days of hospitalization and the density of central vascular catheter - associated sepsis was 22.6/1 000 days of use. The infants with HS had lower average birth weight and gestational age (959 ± 228 g vs 1191 ± 249 g and 27.6 ± 2 vs 29.8 ± 2.2 weeks), p &lt; 0.001. After adjusting for birth weight and gestational age we verified an association between healthcare-associated sepsis and antibiotic therapy in D1, the duration of parenteral nutrition and central vascular catheter. After logistic regression only the gestational age and duration of parenteral nutrition remained as independent significant risk factors for healthcare-associated sepsis. <br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The independent factors for healthcare-associated sepsis are gestational age and duration of parenteral nutrition.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> For each extra week on gestational age the risk declined in 20% and for each day of NP the risk increased 22%.</p>

scholarly journals Perinatal Femoral Fracture: A Ten-Year Observational Case Series Study

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Vito Pavone ◽  
Andrea Vescio ◽  
Marco Montemagno ◽  
Claudia de Cristo ◽  
Ludovico Lucenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Skin Traction

Background: perinatal femoral fractures (PFF) are relative rare birth-related fractures. Among treatment options, Bryant traction reported satisfactory outcomes in PFF of children under 3 years of age. The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors, diagnosis, management, and outcome in the 10-year multicentric experiences of all newborns treated for PFF in Catania city hospitals. Methods: 15,628 children, hospitalized in four neonatal units, were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were collected: gender, birth weight, gestational age, presentation, mode delivery, and fracture type according to AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long Bone Fractures (PCCF). In each case, diagnosis was achieved after the clinical examination and X-Ray exam. Each patient underwent Bryant’s skin traction of the affected limb, and was clinically followed for at least two years. Results: eight newborns were included in the study (five males). The average birth weight was 2.656 kg with a gestational age of 37.5 weeks; 4 cases were preterm birth; 5 patients had a cephalic presentation. According to the AO PCCF classification, three fractures were ranked 32-D/4.1 and five were 32-D/5.1. The entire cohort had an excellent outcome. Conclusions: prematurity, low birth weight, and caesarean section could be PFF risk factors. Bryant’s skin traction is an effective option to achieve an excellent outcome.

scholarly journals The Severity of Retinopathy in the Extremely Premature Infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Trivli ◽  
Maria Polychronaki ◽  
Charoula Matalliotaki ◽  
Michail Papadimas ◽  
Athina E. Patelarou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Oxygen Supplementation ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. We aimed to investigate the incidence and the severity of retinopathy of extremely premature infants and to evaluate the risk factors and outcome of the cases. Materials and Methods. Out of 200 premature births, we retrospectively reviewed 9 cases that developed ROP. We excluded cases where ROP developed in newborns > 30 weeks of gestational age and cases where medical notes were unavailable or incomplete. Topical drops of cyclopentolate 1% and phenylephrine 5% were instilled and fundoscopy was performed using a direct ophthalmoscope. Results. The incidence of ROP was 4.5% in the 9-year period. The infants were divided into two groups. Group 1 included premature infants ≤27 weeks of age and Group 2 included those >27 weeks but ≤ 30 weeks of age. We found that the infants of Group 1 showed advanced stages of ROP in comparison to Group 2. Out of 18 eyes, 11 eyes had stage 3 ROP and they were all found in Group 1 (100% of cases). Conclusion. The severity of ROP was associated with earlier gestational age, lower birth weight, and oxygen supplementation. Constant cooperation between physicians and nursing staff is necessary to avoid undetected cases and further prevent ROP related blindness.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Ardebil (North West of Iran): Prevalence and Risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557-1563
Author(s):  
H. Ojaghi ◽  
Y. Fekri ◽  
N. Momeni ◽  
F. Amani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Parental Consanguinity ◽  
Blood Exchange ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which affects the retina of premature infants, is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity infants referred to Alavi hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. Methods: In the present study, 400 infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks and or birth weight of 2000 g or less were enrolled in the study. Required information including sex, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight, type of delivery, oxygen therapy, septicemia, multiple gestations, family marriage, respiratory problem, and blood exchange were extracted from their hospital records and then included in the data collection form. These infants were also examined for ROP, stage and area of involvement by an experienced ophthalmologist and then classified into two groups including retinopathy and healthy group. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 25 software using chi-square, fisher exact test, t-test, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Results: Of the 400 preterm infants studied (57.2% male and 42.8% female), 107 (26.8%) infants had ROP of whom 23 (21.5%) needed treatment (i.e. 5.8% of all infants need treatment). There were 4 (3.7%), 29 (27.1%), and 74 (69.2%) infants with zone I, II, and III, respectively. There were 91 (85%), 11 (10.3%), and 5 (4.7%) infants with stage I, II, and III, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental consanguinity (OR=2.263, 95%CI: 1.240-4.130, P=0.008), gestational age less than 32.5 weeks (OR=4.067, 95%CI: 2.340- 7.069, P<0.001), and birth weight less than 1725 g (OR=4.522, 95%CI: 2.677-7.637, P<0.001) were associated with a 2.3-fold, 4.1-fold, and 4.5-fold increased risk of ROP, respectively. ROP had no significant relationship with other variables. Conclusion: In summary, the findings of the present study showed that one quarter of the premature infants had ROP. Furthermore, birth weight less than 1725 g, gestational age less than 32.5 weeks, and parental consanguinity were risk factors for ROP, in addition, one-fifth of the infants with ROP needed treatment. Key Words: Retinopathy, Prematurity, ROP, Newborn.

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