scholarly journals Comparison of Simulated and True Keratometry Measurements Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography and Dual Scheimpflug–Placido Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Urias ◽  
Efstathia Polychronopoulou ◽  
Rahul T. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Corneal Surgery ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iolmaster 700

Purpose. To compare simulated and total keratometry and corneal astigmatism values between the IOLMaster 700 and Galilei G4 devices. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients undergoing phacoemulsification by a single surgeon (RTP) from March through September 2020 and who underwent imaging with both the IOLMaster 700 and Galilei G4. Exclusion criteria were prior corneal surgery, keratectatic diseases and inability to obtain a reliable image during image acquisition. Mean, flat, and steep keratometry values as well as astigmatism magnitude were compared. Results. A total of 200 eyes of 100 patients were included. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were moderate or high for all variables. Mean difference ± SD in SimK and TrueK between devices (G4-IOLM) was 0.05 ± 0.318 diopters and −1.1156 ± 0.438 diopters, respectively ( p < 0.05 for both). The IOLM measured steeper TrueK value than the G4. For SimK, there was a statistically significant difference between devices only for mean keratometry (K), whereas for TrueK, there were significant differences in flat K, steep K, and mean K. Astigmatism analysis revealed a difference in mean (±SD) SimK of 0.07 (±0.57) D at 94 degrees and in mean TrueK of 0.04 (±0.85) D at 108 degrees. Conclusion. Though there is overall good correlation between the IOLMaster 700 and Galilei G4 in SimK and astigmatism measurements, there is a significant difference in TrueK measurements, with the IOLM measuring steeper values by about 1.0 diopter as compared to the G4.

An Evaluation of the Effects of Elevated Body Mass Index on Skeletal Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. French ◽  
Michael S. Kung ◽  
W. Nathan Holmes ◽  
Hossein Aziz ◽  
Evelyn S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hand Radiographs

Abstract BackgroundMany treatment decisions in children’s Orthopaedics are based on age. This study determined whether a discrepancy between chronological age (CA) and skeletal age (SA) is dependent on BMI and if overweight or obese children would have an advanced SA.Materials and Methods120 children between ages 8-17 with an adequate hand radiograph and a correlating BMI were enrolled by retrospective chart review. Stratification based on age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI percentile was performed. For each age group, 6 males and 6 females were selected with 50% of each group having an elevated BMI. Two blinded physicians independently evaluated hand radiographs and recorded the SA. Statistical analyses evaluated inter-rater reliability and any discrepancy between groups.ResultsThe final statistical analysis included 96 children. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for SA determined by the two reviewers was excellent at 0.95. A difference of 13 months was found between CA and SA in the elevated BMI cohort versus the non-elevated BMI cohort, (p<0.001). No significant difference was seen between CA and SA for the non-elevated cohort (p=0.72), while matching for age and sex. ConclusionChronological age and skeletal age are not always equivalent especially in pediatric patients who are overweight or obese.

Change in pelvic incidence between the supine and standing positions in patients with bilateral sacroiliac joint vacuum signs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Mikula ◽  
Jeremy L. Fogelson ◽  
Soliman Oushy ◽  
Zachariah W. Pinter ◽  
Pierce A. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spinopelvic Parameter ◽  
Fixed Parameter ◽  
Si Joint ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Supine Radiograph

OBJECTIVEPelvic incidence (PI) is a commonly utilized spinopelvic parameter in the evaluation and treatment of patients with spinal deformity and is believed to be a fixed parameter. However, a fixed PI assumes that there is no motion across the sacroiliac (SI) joint, which has been disputed in recent literature. The objective of this study was to determine if patients with SI joint vacuum sign have a change in PI between the supine and standing positions.METHODSA retrospective chart review identified patients with a standing radiograph, supine radiograph, and CT scan encompassing the SI joints within a 6-month period. Patients were grouped according to their SI joints having either no vacuum sign, unilateral vacuum sign, or bilateral vacuum sign. PI was measured by two independent reviewers.RESULTSSeventy-three patients were identified with an average age of 66 years and a BMI of 30 kg/m2. Patients with bilateral SI joint vacuum sign (n = 27) had an average absolute change in PI of 7.2° (p < 0.0001) between the standing and supine positions compared to patients with unilateral SI joint vacuum sign (n = 20) who had a change of 5.2° (p = 0.0008), and patients without an SI joint vacuum sign (n = 26) who experienced a change of 4.1° (p = 0.74). ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test showed a statistically significant difference in the change in PI between patients with the bilateral SI joint vacuum sign and those without an SI joint vacuum sign (p = 0.023). The intraclass correlation coefficient between the two reviewers was 0.97 for standing PI and 0.96 for supine PI (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSPatients with bilateral SI joint vacuum signs had a change in PI between the standing and supine positions, suggesting there may be increasing motion across the SI joint with significant joint degeneration.

scholarly journals Comparison of Anterior Ocular Biometric Measurements Using Swept-Source and Time-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sisi Chen ◽  
Rongrong Gao ◽  
Colm McAlinden ◽  
Junming Ye ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose. To compare central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements using the swept-source (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey, Japan) and time-domain (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) anterior segment optical coherence tomographers (OCT) in normal eyes. Methods. Sixty-eight eyes of 68 subjects were included. Three consecutive scans of each subject were obtained using both devices in a random order by one experienced operator. Standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of repeatability (CoR), coefficients of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to evaluate the intraoperator repeatability. Agreement was assessed using the Bland–Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Results. All measurements of the swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) and time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) showed high repeatability with low CoR (CCT: 2.34 μm and 6.16 μm; AQD: 0.05 mm and 0.09 mm; ACD: 0.06 mm and 0.09 mm), low CoV (CCT: 0.16% and 0.42%; AQD: 0.61% and 0.97%; ACD: 0.53% and 0.83%), and high ICC (>0.98). The mean CCT with SS-OCT was slightly thicker than the results with TD-OCT (difference = 4.55 ± 2.62 μm, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in AQD or ACD measurements between the two devices (0.01 ± 0.05 mm, P=0.111; 0.02 ± 0.05 mm, P=0.022, respectively). The 95% LoA between the SS-OCT and TD-OCT were −0.59 to 9.69 μm for CCT, −0.10 to 0.12 mm for AQD, and −0.09 to 0.12 mm for ACD. Conclusions. High levels of repeatability and agreement were found between the two devices for all three parameters, suggesting interchangeability. SS-OCT demonstrated superior repeatability compared with TD-OCT.

Using Pedometers to Estimate Ambulatory Physical Activity in Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Au Bich Thuy ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Costan Magnussen ◽  
Emily Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background:Pedometer measurement of physical activity (PA) has been shown to be reliable and valid in industrialized populations, but its applicability in economically developing Vietnam remains untested. This study assessed the feasibility, stability and validity of pedometer estimates of PA in Vietnam.Methods:250 adults from a population-based survey were randomly selected to wear Yamax pedometers and record activities for 7 consecutive days. Stability and concurrent validity were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Spearman correlation coefficients.Results:Overall, 97.6% of participants provided at least 1 day of usable recordings, and 76.2% wore pedometers for all 7 days. Only 5.2% of the sample participants were involved in work activities not measurable by pedometer. The number of steps increased with hours of wear. There was no significant difference between weekday and weekend in number of steps, and at least 3 days of recordings were required (ICC of the 3 days of recordings: men 0.96, women 0.97). Steps per hour were moderately correlated (men r = .42, women r = .26) with record estimates of total PA.Conclusions:It is feasible to use pedometers to estimate PA in Vietnam. The measure should involve at least 3 days of recording irrespective of day of the week.

Inter- and Intratester Reliability of Lower Extremity Circumference Measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Harrelson ◽  
Deidre Leaver-Dunn ◽  
A. Louise Fincher ◽  
James D. Leeper
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Joint Line ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male High School

The purpose of this study was to examine the inter- and intratester reliability of lower extremity circumference measurements obtained by two testers using the same tape measure and two different tape measures. Twenty-one male high school student-athletes participated in this study. Two testers measured lower extremity circumference at three sites using a standard flexible tape measure and a Lufkin tape measure with a Gulick spring-loaded handle attachment. Measurement sites were medial joint line, 20 cm above medial joint line, and 15 cm below medial joint line. Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed for inter- and intratester comparisons for each measuring device and each measurement site. Results indicated high reliability but a significant difference between the two tape measures. These findings indicate that the reliability of lower extremity circumference measurements is not influenced by tester experience and that the Lufkin tape measure with the Gulick handle attachment is the more accurate of the two tape measures.

scholarly journals Assessment of a generalizable methodology to assess learning from manikin-based simulation technology*

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic A. Giuliano ◽  
Marion McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Objective This study combined a learning outcomes-based checklist and salient characteristics derived from wisdom-of-crowds theory to test whether differing groups of judges (diversity maximized versus expertise maximized) would be able to appropriately assess videotaped, manikin-based simulation scenarios. Methods Two groups of 3 judges scored 9 videos of interns managing a simulated cardiac event. The first group had a diverse range of knowledge of simulation procedures, while the second group was more homogeneous in their knowledge and had greater simulation expertise. All judges viewed 3 types of videos (predebriefing, postdebriefing, and 6 month follow-up) in a blinded fashion and provided their scores independently. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of judges as related to group membership. Scores from each group of judges were averaged to determine the impact of group on scores. Results Results revealed strong ICCs for both groups of judges (diverse, 0.89; expert, 0.97), with the diverse group of judges having a much wider 95% confidence interval for the ICC. Analysis of variance of the average checklist scores indicated no significant difference between the 2 groups of judges for any of the types of videotapes assessed (F = 0.72, p = .4094). There was, however, a statistically significant difference between the types of videos (F = 14.39, p = .0004), with higher scores at the postdebrief and 6-month follow-up time periods. Conclusions Results obtained in this study provide optimism for assessment procedures in simulation using learning outcomes-based checklists and a small panel of judges.

Reliability of Intratester and Intertester Measurements Derived from an Instrumented Ankle Arthrometer

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia J. Hubbard ◽  
John E. Kovaleski ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Ankle Arthrometer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Context:Measurement reliability is critical when new sports-medicine devices or techniques are developed.Objective:To determine the reliability of laxity measurements obtained from an instrumented ankle arthrometer.Design:Intratester reliability was examined using a test–retest design, and intertester reliability was assessed using the measurements recorded by 2 different examiners on a separate group of participants.Setting:Sports-medicine research laboratory.Participants:40 participants with no history of ankle injury, equally divided across the 2 studies.Measurements:Laxity measurements included anteroposterior (AP) displacement during loading to 125 N. Inversion–eversion (I–E) rotation was tested during loading to 4000 N-mm. The measures were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and dependentttests.Results:Good to excellent ICCs (.80–.99) for intratester and intertester reliability. A significant difference in measures was observed between testers for both AP displacement and I–E rotation.Conclusions:Laxity measurements from an instrumented ankle arthrometer are reliable across test days and examiners

scholarly journals Effect of IV Acetaminophen Usage on Opioid Requirements, Outcomes and Costs of Care for Postoperative Children in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
Brock M. Taylor ◽  
Shawn R. Chakraborty ◽  
Aaron A. Harthan ◽  
Sandeep Tripathi ◽  
Huaping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE Children admitted to the ICU are commonly treated with opioids for postoperative pain. We hypothesized that administration of IV acetaminophen in the immediate postoperative period is effective in lowering cumulative opioid use leading to other benefits. METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the PICU between December 2016 and April 2019. For each patient, data including demographics, cumulative opioid usage per kilogram, oral or rectal acetaminophen, x-ray findings, hospital costs, and surgical procedure were collected. Cumulative opioid usage was determined by converting all opioids to morphine equivalents (MEs) per kg. Standard descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC). RESULTS A total of 200 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria (N = 92 in IV acetaminophen group and N = 108 in no IV acetaminophen group). There was no significant difference in ME per kilogram between the groups (0.3 ME/kg in IV acetaminophen group, IQR 0.5 ME/kg versus 0.4 ME/kg in no IV acetaminophen group, IQR 0.5 ME/kg, adjusted p = 0.38). Rate of atelectasis was not significant between the groups (47.8% in IV acetaminophen versus 45.4% in no acetaminophen group, p = 0.28). There was a significant difference in median total hospital costs between the groups ($22,456 in IV acetaminophen group, IQR $18,650 versus $18,552 in no IV acetaminophen group, IQR $13,361, adjusted p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS IV acetaminophen in the immediate postoperative period did not lead to a decrease in cumulative opioid usage or rate of atelectasis. IV acetaminophen usage was associated with increase in overall hospital costs per patient.

scholarly journals The Transaxial Orientation Is Superior to Both the Short Axis and Horizontal Long Axis Orientations for Determining Right Ventricular Volume and Ejection Fraction Using Simpson's Method with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Atalay ◽  
Kevin J. Chang ◽  
David J. Grand ◽  
Shawn Haji-Momenian ◽  
Jason T. Machan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Difference

We sought to determine which of the three orientations is the most reliable and accurate for quantifying right ventricular (RV) volume and ejection fraction (EF) by cardiac magnetic resonance using Simpson’s method. We studied 20 patients using short axis (SA), transaxial (TA), and horizontal long axis (HLA) orientations. Three readers independently traced RV endocardial contours at end-diastole and end-systole for each orientation. End-diastolic volumes (EDVs), end-systolic volumes (ESVs), and EF were calculated and compared with the 3D piecewise smooth subdivision surface (PSSS) method. The intraclass correlation coefficients among the 3 readers for EDV, ESV, and EF were 0.92, 0.82, and 0.42, respectively, for SA, 0.95, 0.92, and 0.67 for TA, and 0.85, 0.93, and 0.69 for HLA. For mean data there was no significant difference between TA and PSSS for EDV (−2.6%, 95% CI: −8.2 to 3.3%), ESV (−5.9%, −15.2 to 4.5%), and EF (1.7%, −1.5 to 4.9%). HLA was accurate for ESV (−8.9%, −18.5 to 1.8%) and EF (−0.7%, −3.8 to 2.5%) but significantly underestimated EDV (−9.8, −16.6 to −2.4%). SA was accurate for EDV (0.5%, −6.0 to 7.5%) but overestimated ESV (10.5%, 0.1 to 21.9%) and had poor interrater reliability for EF. Conclusions. The TA orientation provides the most reliable and accurate measures of EDV, ESV, and EF.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Electro-Goniometric Range of Motion Measurements in Patients with Hand and Wrist Limitations

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Bashardoust Tajali ◽  
Joy C. MacDermid ◽  
Ruby Grewal ◽  
Chris Young
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Passive Flexion ◽  
Quick Dash ◽  
And Function ◽  
Limited Motion

Study Design: Cross-sectional reliability and validity study. Purpose: 1. To determine intrarater, interrater and inter instrument reliabilities and validity of two digital electro goniometry to measure active wrist/finger range of motions (ROMs) in patients with limited motion. 2. To determine intrarater and interrater reliabilities of digital goniometry to measure torques of PIP passive flexion of the index finger in patients with limited motion. Methods: The study was designed in a randomized block plan on 44 patients (24 women, 20 men) with limited wrist or hand motions. Two experienced raters measured active wrist ROMs, and active and passive index PIP flexion using two digital goniometers. All measures were repeated by one rater 2-5 days after the initial measurements. The reliability measures were analyzed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) and the construct validity was determined by correlation coefficients analysis between sub measures of scores; patient rated pain and function (PRWE) and quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (quick DASH) scores. Results: The intrarater, interrater and inter instrument reliabilities were high in most ROM measures (range 0.64-0.97) for both types of electro-goniometers. The 95% limit of agreements and Bland and Altman plots did not show progressive changes. There was a significant difference in force application between the raters when performing passive ROM measures for PIP index, but the same rater produced consistent force. Most of the NK and J-Tech ROM measures were moderately correlated with the patient rated pain and function scores (range 0.32-0.63).

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