scholarly journals Recent Advances in Enzymes for the Bioremediation of Pollutants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi ◽  
Seyyed Alireza Hashemi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi ◽  
Navid Ravan ◽  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biological Methods

Nowadays, pollution of the environment is a huge problem for humans and other organisms’ health. Conventional methods of pollutant removal like membrane filtration or ion exchange are not efficient enough to lower the number of pollutants to standard levels. Biological methods, because of their higher efficiency and biocompatibility, are preferred for the remediation of pollutants. These cost-effective and environment-friendly methods of reducing pollutants are called bioremediation. In bioremediation methods, enzymes play the most crucial role. Enzymes can remedy different types of organic and inorganic pollutants, including PAHs, azo dyes, polymers, organocyanides, lead, chromium, and mercury. Different enzymes isolated from various species have been used for the bioremediation of pollutants. Discovering new enzymes and new subtypes with specific physicochemical characteristics would be a promising way to find more efficient and cost-effective tools for the remediation of pollutants.

scholarly journals Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using algae and microalgae

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-670
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Positively Charged

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered to be an environment-friendly and cost-effective process. Ions (typically positively charged/anionic moieties) are absorbed to the surface of microorganisms due to the presence of negative charge on the cell wall resulting in the formation of metal particles (usually nanoparticles) on the surface of these cells. In this entry, some important aspects of nanoparticle formation by the employment of microalgae and cyanobacteria have been reviewed. After a short definition of nanoparticles and their biosynthesis, different types of nanoparticles produced by cyanobacteria and microalgae are presented. The ability of the marine microorganisms to form nanoparticles with favorable physicochemical and morphological properties in ideal sizes has opened up a novel approach to nanoparticle synthesis.

scholarly journals Automatic Cold Drink Vending Machine with Reverse Vending System for Empty Bottles and Monitoring System using VLSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4182-4184 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Plastic Bottle ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cold Drink

now days the Plastic is one of the most versatile material. These days the waste generated by humans. In this paper we develop the VM and RVM . A VM is an automated machine that provides three different types of items such as coca cola, sprite and thumbs-up etc. the money is inserted to consumers in to the machine. The reverse vending machine is the machine that accepts empty plastic bottles and credits discount offer. The collected empty plastic bottles are sent for further recycling which is environment friendly. Operation of the machine exhibited accuracy in recognizing barcode data, distinguishing between vend plastic bottle and other plastic bottles, storage update. The machine is able to run on commercial power. All the mentioned process will be controlled by a PIC microcontroller. Throughout the process barcode sensor is responsible to Identify vend plastic bottles. The developed project is environment friendly and cost effective

ODOUR EMISSIONS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS – RECENT GERMAN EXPERIENCES

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Bernd Frechen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Waste Air ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Plant Process

Odorous emissions from wastewater treatment plants can cause serious annoyance in the vicinity. According to recently issued federal regulations. when designing new WWTPs or expanding existing ones, expert opinion has to be taken into account. Also problems arise with existing plants that have to be solved. It is necessary to understand the basics of odour and odour-related annoyance as well as the use of appropriate measurement technique in order to describe the problem correctly. Then problems can be detected and solved properly by using appropriate measures. There are many measures to be taken against odour emissions, depending upon the type of plant, process design, way of operation and others. If, however, these measures are not able to guarantee a sufficient emission level, then collection of waste air and subsequent deodorization must be chosen to solve the problem. Different technologies for deodorization are known today, and available data concerning these techniques at Germany's wastewater treatment planlts are shown later. Among the possible technologies developed in recent years biological methods are gaining more and more attention. as they are efficient. cost-effective and environment-friendly.

An efficient biotreatment process for polyvinyl alcohol containing textile wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip S. Magdum ◽  
Gauri P. Minde ◽  
Upendra S. Adhyapak ◽  
V. Kalyanraman
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

The aim of this work was to optimize the biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing actual textile wastewater for a sustainable treatment solution. The isolated microbial consortia of effective PVA degrader namely Candida Sp. and Pseudomonas Sp., which were responsible for symbiotic degradation of chemical oxidation demand (COD) and PVA from desizing wastewater. In the process optimization, the maximum aeration was essential to achieve a high degradation rate, where as stirring enhances further degradation and foam control. Batch experiments concluded with the need of 16 lpm/l and 150 rpm of air and stirring speed respectively for high rate of COD and PVA degradation. Optimized process leads to 2 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) with 85–90% PVA degradation. Continuous study also confirmed above treatment process optimization with 85.02% of COD and 90.3% of PVA degradation of effluent with 2 days HRT. This study gives environment friendly and cost effective solution for PVA containing textile wastewater treatment.

The CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 Ratio Offers a Good Accuracy “In Vivo” in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Santangelo ◽  
Alessandro Dell'Edera ◽  
Arianna Sala ◽  
Giordano Cecchetti ◽  
Federico Masserini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Csf Findings

Background: The incoming disease-modifying therapies against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) require reliable diagnostic markers to correctly enroll patients all over the world. CSF AD biomarkers, namely amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181), showed good diagnostic accuracy in detecting AD pathology, but their real usefulness in daily clinical practice is still a matter of debate. Therefore, further validation in complex clinical settings, that is patients with different types of dementia, is needed to uphold their future worldwide adoption. Methods: We measured CSF AD biomarkers’ concentrations in a sample of 526 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia (277 with AD and 249 with Other Type of Dementia, OTD). Brain FDG-PET was also considered in a subsample of 54 patients with a mismatch between the clinical diagnosis and the CSF findings. Results: A p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio higher than 0.13 showed the best diagnostic performance in differentiating AD from OTD (86% accuracy index, 74% sensitivity, 81% specificity). In cases with a mismatch between clinical diagnosis and CSF findings, brain FDG-PET partially agreed with the p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio, thus determining an increase in CSF accuracy. Conclusions: The p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio alone might reliably detect AD pathology in heterogeneous samples of patients suffering from different types of dementia. It might constitute a simple, cost-effective and reproducible in vivo proxy of AD suitable to be adopted worldwide not only in daily clinical practice but also in future experimental trials, to avoid the enrolment of misdiagnosed AD patients.

Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

scholarly journals Optimising the performance of a lab-scale tidal flow reed bed system treating agricultural wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Q. Zhao ◽  
G. Sun ◽  
C. Lafferty ◽  
S.J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Flow ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen Removal

A gravel-based tidal flow reed bed system was operated with three different strategies in order to investigate its optimal performance for the treatment of a high strength agricultural wastewater. According to the three strategies, individual reed beds were saturated and unsaturated with the wastewater for different periods while reasonably stable hydraulic and organic loadings were maintained. Experimental results demonstrated that the system produced the highest pollutant removal efficiencies with a relatively short saturated period and long unsaturated period, highlighting the importance of oxygen transfer into reed bed matrices during the treatment. Significant removals of some major organic and inorganic pollutants were achieved under all three operational conditions. Nitrification was not the major route of ammoniacal-nitrogen removal when the system was under high organic loading. Due to the filtration of suspended solids and the accumulation of biomass, gradual clogging of the reed bed matrices took place, which caused concerns over the long-term efficiency of the tidal flow system.

scholarly journals Insight into Invasive Species (Mikania micrantha), Its Control Measures and Programmes in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan P Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Methods Of Control

Invasive species adversely affects the ecology and habitat of the species existing in a particular region. They are one of the top threats to the biodiversity of life on Earth. Mikania micrantha is spreading like a wildfire in Nepal whose effect on Rhino habitat is being studied in Chitwan National Park. Various mechanical, chemical and biological methods of control for Mikania are available. It's likely to be more cost effective to prevent the spread of invasive species in the first place than to tackle the biodiversity crisis once they have become established.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5544The Initiation Vol.4 2011 115-119

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