scholarly journals Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Associations with Molecular Subtypes: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Faustin Ntirenganya ◽  
Jean Damascene Twagirumukiza ◽  
Georges Bucyibaruta ◽  
Belson Rugwizangoga ◽  
Stephen Rulisa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Premenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women and the leading cause of women’s cancer-related deaths and morbidity worldwide. In Rwanda, BC incidence is increasing with an unacceptably high mortality rate in premenopausal women. Objectives. The purpose was to identify modifiable BC risk factors and assess associations between common breast cancer risks factors and molecular subtypes in premenopausal women in Rwanda. Methods. This was a case-control study. Premenopausal women with histological confirmation of BC and frequency-matched for age controls were recruited. A preestablished questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls for sociodemographics, BC probable risk factors, and clinical and pathological characteristics. BC was classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-type, basal-like (triple negative), and unclassified molecular subtypes by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. 340 participants were recruited into the study (170 cases vs. 170 controls). The median age was 39 years. The majority of cases presented at advanced stages of the disease (51.2% in stages III and IV) and had invasive ductal carcinoma (98.2%). 60.6% had subtypes of poor prognosis (HER2 enriched 14.7%, triple negative 12.9%, and unclassified 32.9%). Alcohol intake AOR = 3.73 , 95 % C I   2.19 − 6.32 , p < 0.001 , obesity/overweight in adolescence or early adulthood AOR = 10.86 , 95 % C I   4.82 − 24.4 , p < 0.001 , history of primary infertility AOR = 33.8 , 95 % C I   3.5 − 321.5 , p = 0.002 , nulliparity AOR = 3.75 , 95 % C I   1.61 − 8.75 , p = 0.002 , and a history of benign breast disease AOR = 6.06 , 95 % C I   1.19 − 30.73 , p = 0.03 were associated with the occurrence of premenopausal breast cancer. There was no significant difference between risk factor stratification per molecular subtype. Conclusion. Several reproductive, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors have been identified to be associated with premenopausal BC. Among them, alcohol intake and obesity/overweight during adolescence/early adulthood can be modified. Interventions targeting alcohol consumption and obesity/overweight in adolescents and young adults may decrease the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Tahmina Ferdousy ◽  
Rahela Dipi ◽  
Reza Salim ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Premenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Background. The incidence of premenopausal breast cancer is rising throughout South Asia. Our objective was to determine the role of risk factors associated with Westernization for premenopausal breast cancer in Bangladesh.Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, at four hospitals in Bangladesh. Cases were premenopausal women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Controls were premenopausal women with no personal history of breast cancer. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for breast cancer.Results. We identified 129 age-matched pairs. The mean age of breast cancer diagnosis was 37.5 years. Each year decrease in the age of menarche significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.09–2.56,P=0.02). The risk was also increased with a current body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2(OR = 5.24, 95% CI 1.10–24.9,P=0.04). Age at first childbirth, parity, and breastfeeding were not significantly associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk (P>0.05).Conclusions. Age at menarche and adult weight gain were associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk. Other factors associated with Westernization may not be relevant to premenopausal breast cancer risk in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Future Burden of Cancer Attributable to Current Modifiable Behaviours: A Pooled Study of Seven Australian Cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 5s-5s
Author(s):  
M.A. Laaksonen ◽  
M.E. Arriaga ◽  
K. Canfell ◽  
R.J. MacInnis ◽  
P. Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Premenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Burden

Background: The Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) quantifies the fraction of cancer cases attributable to specific exposures. PAF estimates for the future burden of cancer preventable through modifications to current exposure distributions are lacking. Previous PAF studies have also not compared population subgroup differences. Aim: To apply a novel PAF method and i) assess the future burden of cancer in Australia preventable through modifications to current behaviors, and ii) compare the distribution of the preventable cancer burden between population subgroups. Methods: We harmonized and pooled data from seven Australian cohort studies (N=367058) and linked them to national registries to identify cancers and deaths. We estimated the strength of the associations between behaviors and cancer incidence and death using a proportional hazards model, adjusting for age, sex, study and other risk factors. Exposure prevalence was estimated from contemporary national health surveys. We then combined these estimates to calculate PAFs and their 95% confidence intervals for both individual and joint behavior modifications using a novel method accounting for competing risk of death and risk factor interdependence. We also compared PAFs between population subgroups by calculating the 95% confidence interval of the difference in PAF estimates. Results: During the first 10 years of follow-up, there were 22078 deaths and 27483 incident cancers, including 2025 lung, 3471 colorectal, 640 premenopausal and 2632 postmenopausal breast cancers. The leading preventable cause for lung cancer is current smoking (PAF = 53.7%), for colorectal and postmenopausal breast cancer body fatness or BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (PAF = 11.1% and 10.9% respectively), and for premenopausal breast cancer regular alcohol intake (PAF = 12.3%). Three in five lung cancers, but only one in five colorectal and breast cancers, are jointly attributable to potentially modifiable exposures, which also included physical inactivity and inadequate fruit intake for lung, excessive alcohol intake and current smoking for colorectal, regular alcohol intake and current menopausal hormone therapy for 1 year or more for postmenopausal breast and current oral contraceptive use for 5 years or more for premenopausal breast cancer. The cancer burden attributable to modifiable factors is markedly higher in certain population subgroups, including men (lung, colorectal), people with risk factor clustering (lung, colorectal, breast), and individuals with low educational attainment (lung, breast). Conclusion: We provided up-to-date estimates of the future Australian cancer burden attributable to modifiable risk factors, and identified population subgroups that experience the highest preventable burden. Application of the novel PAF method can inform timely public health action to improve health and health equity, by identifying those with the most to gain from programs that support behavior change and early detection.

scholarly journals Predictors of mammographic density among women with a strong family history of breast cancer

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Moran ◽  
Andrea Eisen ◽  
Rochelle Demsky ◽  
Kristina Blackmore ◽  
Julia A. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Percent Density ◽  
Strong Family History ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. In the general population, mammographic density can be modified by various exposures; whether this is true for women a strong family history is not known. Thus, we evaluated the association between reproductive, hormonal, and lifestyle risk factors and mammographic density among women with a strong family history of breast cancer but no BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Methods We included 97 premenopausal and 59 postmenopausal women (age range: 27-68 years). Risk factor data was extracted from the research questionnaire closest in time to the mammogram performed nearest to enrollment. The Cumulus software was used to measure percent density, dense area, and non-dense area for each mammogram. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relationships between breast cancer risk factors and measures of mammographic density, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Among premenopausal women, those who had two live births had a mean percent density of 28.8% vs. 41.6% among women who had one live birth (P=0.04). Women with a high body weight had a lower mean percent density compared to women with a low body weight among premenopausal (17.6% vs. 33.2%; P=0.0006) and postmenopausal women (8.7% vs. 14.7%; P=0.04). Among premenopausal women, those who smoked for 14 years or longer had a lower mean dense area compared to women who smoked for a shorter duration (25.3cm2 vs. 53.1cm2; P=0.002). Among postmenopausal women, former smokers had a higher mean percent density (19.5% vs. 10.8%; P=0.003) and dense area (26.9% vs. 16.4%; P=0.01) compared to never smokers. After applying the Bonferroni correction, the association between body weight and percent density among premenopausal women remained statistically significant. Conclusions In this cohort of women with a strong family history of breast cancer, body weight was associated with mammographic density. These findings suggest that mammographic density may explain the underlying relationship between some of these risk factors and breast cancer risk, and lend support for the inclusion of mammographic density into risk prediction models.

scholarly journals Assessment of Breast Cancer Risk Based on Mammary Gland Volume Measured with CT

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S5248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Kuchiki ◽  
Takaaki Hosoya ◽  
Akira Fukao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between mammary gland volume (MGV) of the breast as measured with three-dimensional chest computed tomography (CT) and breast cancer risk. Univariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between MGV and known risk factors in 427 healthy women. A case control study (97 cases and 194 controls) was conducted to assess breast cancer risk. MGV was significantly smaller for postmenopausal women than for premenopausal women, and was significantly larger for women with a family history of breast cancer than for women without. MGV, body mass index (BMI), and rate of family history of breast cancer were significantly higher among breast cancer patients than among healthy women, and number of deliveries was significantly lower among breast cancer patients. In postmenopausal women, age at menarche was significantly younger for breast cancer patients. MGV correlated well with breast cancer risk factors. The highest odds ratio was 4.9 for premenopausal women with the largest MGV. Regardless of menopausal status, the greater the MGV, the higher the odds ratio. Our results constitute the first reliable data on the relationship between MGV and breast cancer obtained through exact volume analysis.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the risk factors of breast cancer in women in Ilam Province: a case–control study based on hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. BMT49
Author(s):  
Shoboo Rahmati ◽  
Milad Azami ◽  
Zahra Jaafari ◽  
Nasrin Pouratar ◽  
Khairollah Asodollahi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Aims: The present study aimed to identify the most associated risk factors of breast cancer in Ilam province in 2015–2016. Materials & methods: In this case–control study, the case group consisted of 50 women with breast cancer with a definitive diagnosis from date 23 September 2015 to 22 September 2016. The two groups were group matched in terms of age. Data were collected through interviews and medical records. Results: According to the results, there was a significant relationship between the disease status and variables of family history, history of irregular menstrual cycles, history of breastfeeding, menopausal status, history of oral contraceptive pill consumption, BMI, menarche and number of pregnancies (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding decisive risk factors of breast cancer, more studies with larger sample sizes that take into account more risk factors are necessary.

Clinical significance of pathogenic variants in germline BRCA wild type patients at risk for hereditary breast cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13127-e13127
Author(s):  
Xiaying Kuang ◽  
Ying Lin ◽  
Nan Shao ◽  
Liang Yu ◽  
Zhen Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Splice Mutation ◽  
Panel Testing ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multigene Panel

e13127 Background: Approximately, 10% of breast cancer (BC) are related to inherited germline mutations. BRCA1/2, the most recognized and tested genes, are responsible for 50% of hereditary BC. Genetic testing for hereditary BC has changed significantly. Increasing evidence suggests parallel multigene testing. Methods: NGS-based germline BRCA status assessment was performed on 209 high risk BC patients with at least one of the following risk factors: triple negative BC, early onset ( < -45), with a family history of BC, bilateral BC and male BC. Multigene-panel testing was subsequently offered to patients with at least 2 of the risk factors and WT germline BRCA. Capture-base targeted sequencing was performed on white blood cells using a panel consisting of 53 hereditary cancer-related genes, spanning 229kb of human genome. Results: Among the 209 patients screened, only 12 patients had pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutation. Next, we investigated the prevalence of non- BRCA pathogenic germline pathogenic mutations in patients with at least 2 risk factors. Thirty-seven patients met the criteria and only 23 patients had sufficient WBC DNA for sequencing. This cohort had a median age of 42, with a majority carrying infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Except for one bilateral BC patient who had stage IV disease, all other patients had early stage disease. We identified 5 pathogenic mutations from 5 patients spanning 4 genes: PALB2, PTEN, ATM and WRN, resulting in a prevalence rate of 20% for pathogenic germline mutations in high risk germline BRCA WT BC patients. Two patients carried mutations in PALB2, one with a frameshift and another with a splice mutation. Mutation types for PTEN, ATM and WRN were splice mutation, stop gain mutation and frameshift mutation, respectively. All 5 patients were diagnosed with BC before the age of 40. Three of them had bilateral BC; one had triple negative BC and another patient had a family history of BC. Conclusions: Our study confirms the clinical significance of testing non- BRCA genes, and suggests multigene panel testing for patients at risk for hereditary BC. Such approach increases the identification of hereditary BC, thus impacting clinical decision-making.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Premenopausal Breast Cancer: A Case-control Study in Uruguay

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2879-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro L. Ronco ◽  
Eduardo De Stefani ◽  
Hugo Deneo-Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Premenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Control Study

Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Italian Women: A Multicentric Case-Control Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Toti ◽  
Silvio Agugiaro ◽  
Dino Amadori ◽  
Gianfranco Buzzi ◽  
Paolo Bruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Female Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

To evaluate the importance of several risk factors for breast cancer in the Italian female population, a large multicentric case-control study was conducted in 10 breast clinics in Italy. The study included 1,556 women affected by breast cancer, histologically and/or cytologically confirmed. Controls were 1,505 women admitted to a hospital in the same town, matched with cases for residence and with the same age distribution of the Italian female population. The risk factors considered in this study were family history of breast cancer, reproductive history, height and weight, use of oral contraceptives, other hormonal therapies and smoking history. The results of this study confirm the significant role of a positive family history of breast cancer (RR = 2.37); the relative risk was even higher when a first-degree relative was affected or the breast cancer was bilateral. The analysis of the reproductive history showed a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing age at first birth and, although less evident, with increasing number of children. Quetelet's index (kg/m–2) was positively correlated with breast cancer risk, mostly in postmenopausal women. Among other studied factors, only late age at menopause confirmed an increased risk for breast cancer, whereas age at menarche, use of oral contraceptives and smoking histories did not show any significant correlation with breast cancer risk. These results are in substantial agreement with other international studies, but represent an interesting contribution to studies about the Italian female population.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors associated with breast cancer: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Ashok R. Jadhao ◽  
B. K. Sharma ◽  
Sanjivani A. Jadhao ◽  
Hitesh C. Tayade
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Developing countries are facing double burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Omran gave epidemiological transition theory, which can be seen in India also. Lifestyle changes made Indian prone to non-communicable diseases. Cancer is among the most common non communicable diseases in India. Breast cancer contributes one fourth of all cancer burden in India. It is noted that more number of cases are being seen in 25 to 40 years age group. Objective of the study was to study risk factor associated with breast cancer.Methods: Hospital based case control study was conducted in tertiary cancer centre from July 2017 to December 2019. Sample size of 96 cases was calculated, though 100 cases was interviewed and similar number of age group matched controls was selected. Sociodemographic, past history of benign breast lesion, family history of breast cancer, body mass index, waist to hip ratio and reproductive risk factors was assessed.Results: The significant risk factors on multiple logistic regression were (adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI) age at menarche ≤11 years (1.16, 1.025–1.451), waist to hip ratio more than 0.85 (1.61, 1.473–1.963) and history of abortion (1.14, 1.006–1.366).Conclusions: Women with early age of menarche, higher waist to hip ratio and history of abortion were found to be at higher risk of developing breast cancer. Annual screening of high risk women, teaching self-breast examination to all women and promoting physical activity to maintain waist to hip ratio less than 0.85 should be done.

scholarly journals Risk factors of breast cancer among patients in a tertiary care hospitals in Afghanistan: a case control study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekrullah Baset ◽  
Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar ◽  
Yasmin Nadeem Parpio ◽  
Ahmed Maseh Haidary
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the second most common causes of women’s death, worldwide. Data on risk factors associated with female breast cancer in the Afghan population is very limited. The aim of our study was to identifying risk factor associated with female breast cancer in Afghanistan. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted with inclusion of 201 cases and 201 controls. Patient information was collected by interviewing the patient through a structured questionnaire. Histopathological information was collected from the hospital integrated laboratory management system. The data was analyzed by using logistic regression with univariate and multivariable analyses to determine the association between breast cancer and predictors. Results The results of the current study showed that factors such as: age (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 0.99–1.04; p-0.148); age at menarche (OR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.72–0.92; p-0.008); age at first baby (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.07–1.20; p- < 0.001); illiteracy (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.16–3.22; p-0.011); smoking (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.01–3.99; p-0.04) and family history of cancer (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.18–3.32; p-0.009) were significantly associated with breast cancer. However, our study did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation between breast cancer and some of the predictors that were previously highlighted in literature, such as: marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), use of hormonal contraceptive, breastfeeding and exercise. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that age at menarche, and age at first baby birth, illiteracy, smoking and family history of cancer were significant risk factors associated with development of breast cancer among women in Afghanistan. Health education of women regarding aforementioned predisposing factors are therefore, expected to be valuable in decreasing the burden of breast cancer with reduction of its burden on the healthcare system in Afghanistan.

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