scholarly journals The Impact of Arid Climate on the Indoor Thermal Comfort in the South-East of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lamya Lairgi ◽  
Rachid Lagtayi ◽  
Abdelmajid Daya ◽  
Rabie Elotmani ◽  
Mohammed Touzani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Stationary Regime ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Transitional Regime ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rock Wool

The main objective of this work is to study the heat transfer through an administrative building’s envelope in Errachidia City in Morocco. A numerical simulation based on the finite element method was made to describe the effect of introducing several thermal insulators (air, hemp wool, glass wool, rock wool, and extruded polystyrene) of different thicknesses (5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm) on the heat transfer through the building’s envelope under different climatic conditions. For the stationary regime, the summer period was chosen on August 7th, 2019, at 17 h, while the winter period was opted on January 1st, 2020, at 7 h. Otherwise, for the transitional regime, the summer period was chosen from August 1st to 8th, 2019, and the winter period from January first to 8th, 2020. The physical model analyzes the temperature variation at the different layers of the wall. It depends on the indoor temperature, the instantaneous climatic conditions of the outdoor air, solar radiations, and the thermal properties of the building’s envelope. The results show that the air gap is a good thermal insulator; it acts as a damper of temperature and heat flux.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Deposition of Selected Elements in the Urban and Industrial Environment of Košice (Slovakia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012100
Author(s):  
Jozef Hančul’ák ◽  
Ol’ga Šestinová ◽  
Lenka Findoráková
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the impact of local emission sources on the environmental load through a detailed analysis of the atmospheric deposition (AD). The main sources of pollution are neighbouring iron and steelworks and typical urban sources, such as the heating plant, transport, construction, etc. Total atmospheric deposition, i.e. both wet and dry ones, were sampled from eleven sampling sites that have been placed on the roofs above the height of the surrounding buildings at a distance of 1 to 16 kilometers from the main source of pollution in the urban, suburban and rural areas. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of selected elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, As) were determined separately for “water-soluble” and “insoluble phase” (particulate matter - PM) as well as in terms of the heating season for summer and winter half-year. The results from 2009–2020 are introduced. The average Fe deposition at urban stations in Košice was 2-3 times higher, compared with other urban areas. The very high values of iron deposition (9,181) and manganese (348 mg.m-2.yr-1) were measured mainly at sites near the ironworks. The highest values of correlation coefficients were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis for the elements Fe, Mn and Cr but also for Al and PM. Higher values of correlation coefficients were calculated for the winter period. The monitored elements are bound to the insoluble component AD in the order of Fe, Al, Cr, Pb, Mn and As. Cadmium and zinc are preferably bound to the soluble phase for sites north of the ironworks. Significant differences for fluxes of AD of the most observed parameters were found between the summer and winter periods. In winter, higher values of AD were found for the elements Fe, Pb, Mn, Cr, and Cd. In the case of zinc and arsenic higher values were recorded in the summer period. The share of emission sources of iron and steelworks on the fluxes of iron at the urban sites in winter was more than doubled compared to the summer period. The smallest seasonal differences for all observed components were found at localities near the ironworks. Detailed analysis of AD showed that in addition to Fe, Mn, and Cr, the ironworks complex is also a source of dust particles, aluminum and other observed elements in descending order of lead, zinc, copper, arsenic and cadmium.

scholarly journals Regional assessment of climate risks using GIS technologies (on the example of the Belgorod Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Yuri Chendev ◽  
Maria Lebedeva ◽  
Olga Krymskaya ◽  
Maria Petina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing climate change requires a quantitative assessment of the impact of weather conditions on the nature and livelihoods of the population. However, to date, the concept of “climate risk” has not been finally defined, and the corresponding terminology is not universally recognized. One manifestation of climate change is an increase in climate variability and extremeness in many regions. At the same time, modern statistics indicate growing worldwide damage from dangerous weather and climate events. The most widely used in climate services is the concept of “Vulnerability index”, which reflects a combination (with or without weighing) of several indicators that indicate the potential damage that climate change can cause to a particular sector of the economy. development of adaptation measures to ensure sustainable development of territories. The main criterion for the vulnerability of the territory from the point of view of meteorological parameters is the extremeness of the basic values: daily air temperature, daily precipitation, maximum wind speed. To fully take into account the possible impacts of extreme climatic conditions on the region’s economy, it is necessary to detail the weather and climate risks taking into account the entire observation network, since significant differences in quantitative assessment are possible. The obtained average regional values of the climate vulnerability indices for the Belgorod Region of the Russian Federation provide 150 points for the winter period, 330 points for the summer season, which indicates the prevalence of extreme weather conditions in the warm season. Most of the territory has a relative influence on climatic phenomena, with the exception of the East and the Southeast Region. Moreover, the eastern part of the region is the most vulnerable in climatic terms.

scholarly journals Design and monitoring of energy-active facade module

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 24005
Author(s):  
Nikola Pokorny ◽  
Tomas Matuska ◽  
Vladimir Jirka ◽  
Borivoj Sourek
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Testing of two facade modules under outdoor climatic conditions of Central Europe has been performed for more than two years. The paper analyses the results of long-term monitoring and shows potential benefits of prismatic glazing and photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors integrated into one component. The prismatic glazing reflects beam radiation during summer period and transmits it during the winter period. During summer month solar irradiation transmitted through the prismatic glazing can be about 44 % lower compared to conventional triple glazing. Glazed PVT collector generates heat and electricity simultaneously. PVT collector integrated in the façade module can achieve solar yield during summer 58 kWh/m2.month in heat and 6,3 kWh/m2.month in electricity.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Mobile Shading System and a Phase-Change Heat Store on the Thermal Functioning of a Transparent Building Partition

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2512
Author(s):  
Michał Musiał ◽  
Lech Lichołai
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Heat Accumulator ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change Material

The article presents the results of multi-month field tests and numerical analyses describing the thermal functioning of mobile shading systems for building windows containing a phase-change heat accumulator. The experiments were conducted in the summer period with temperate climate conditions in Rzeszów (Poland). The tested shading system was dedicated to the daily life cycle of residents, taking into account both the need to illuminate the rooms with natural light and reducing the undesirable overheating of the rooms in the summer. The obtained empirical results showed a reduction in room overheating in the summer period by 29.4% from composite windows with a phase-change heat accumulator and a mobile shading system as compared to the reference composite window with an analogous mobile shading system. The database of empirical results allowed for the creation and verification of a numerical model of heat conversion, storage and distribution within the composite window containing phase change material and a mobile shading system. The verified model made it possible to analyse the thermal functioning of the modified transparent partitions in cool temperate, temperate and subtropical climates. The article is a solution to the problem of undesirable overheating of transparent building partitions by efficient storage and distribution of solar radiation energy thanks to the use of a mobile shading system and a phase change material, while presenting a useful tool enabling the prediction of energy gains in different climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of formation and preservation of Ningwu ice cave, Shanxi, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1983-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yang ◽  
Y. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Tourism Resource ◽  
Colored Lights ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract. Ice caves exist in locations where annual average air temperature is higher than 0 °C. An example is Ningwu ice cave, Shanxi Province, the largest ice cave in China. In order to quantitatively investigate the mechanism of formation and preservation of the ice cave, we use the finite-element method to simulate the heat transfer process at this ice cave. There are two major control factors. First, there is the seasonal asymmetric heat transfer. Heat is transferred into the ice cave from outside very inefficiently by conduction in spring, summer and fall. In winter, thermal convection occurs that transfers heat very efficiently out of the ice cave, thus cooling it down. Secondly, ice–water phase change provides a heat barrier for heat transfer into the cave in summer. The calculation also helps to evaluate effects of global warming, tourists, colored lights, climatic conditions, etc. for sustainable development of the ice cave as a tourism resource. In some other ice caves in China, managers have installed airtight doors at these ice caves' entrances with the intention of "protecting" these caves, but this in fact prevents cooling in winter and these cave ices will entirely melt within tens of years.

scholarly journals The quality of surface waters of the dam reservoir Mexa, Northeast of Algeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Bahroun ◽  
Warda Chaib
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this work, we have conducted a physicochemical study that assesses the impact of agricultural activities and urban domestic wastewater on the surface water quality of the dam reservoir Mexa in the area of El-Taref, which is located in the eastern coastal basin of Constantine. 36 samplings have been conducted for three years (2010, 2011 and 2012), at the rate of one sampling per month on the dam reservoir water; 36 samples have been analysed. The samples taken have been subjected to an in situ measurement of physicochemical parameters (temperature, hydrogen potential, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen) and laboratory analysis (anions, cations, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, organic matter, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium). Concentrations of various organic and inorganic pollutants varied from one month to another and from one year to another. From a temporal point of view, the contamination of water of the dam reservoir Mexa varies according to climatic conditions, being generally low during the winter period and high during the low-flow periods. The results obtained reveal that water of the dam reservoir Mexa is fairly contaminated. It is certain that the dam reservoir is subject to pollution of agricultural and urban origin.

scholarly journals Multi Frequency Isotopes Survey to Improve Transit Time Estimation in a Situation of River-Aquifer Interaction

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2695
Author(s):  
Angélique Poulain ◽  
Vincent Marc ◽  
Marina Gillon ◽  
Anne-Laure Cognard-Plancq ◽  
Roland Simler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Estimation ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Transfer Time ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transfer Times

The Barthelasse alluvial aquifer is used to supply water to 180,000 inhabitants. The pumping field is located less than 200 m from the Rhône and is 100% fed by water from the Rhône, which makes it particularly vulnerable to any pollution from the Rhône. Between the Rhône and the pumping field is a Girardon unit, an arrangement that can be found regularly along the banks of the lower and middle reaches of the Rhône, and whose role is to stabilise the banks (alluvial deposits) and to facilitate river navigation. In order to know the transfer times between the Rhône and the pumping field, fortnightly monitoring was carried out over a hydrological year, as well as hourly monitoring during a flood in the winter of 2019. The Rhône shows a cyclicality in its isotopic signature with enrichment in heavy isotopes during the winter period, particularly during floods, and a depletion during the summer period. This variation is found well within the associated alluvial aquifer. The application of LPMs models showed that the average transfer time between the Rhône and the Girardon unit was 20 days and 50 days between the Rhône and the Barthelasse pumping. This study highlighted the importance of using several sampling frequencies to consider the diversity of hydrological situations. For the Rhône, event-based monitoring (flooding) proved to be relevant to account for isotopic variability throughout the year. This work also highlighted the impact of the disruption of hydraulic exchanges between the river and the water table caused by the presence of the Girardon unit in terms of the propagation of contaminants.

scholarly journals Impact of Barn Orientation on Insolation and Temperature of Stalls Surface

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Angrecka ◽  
Piotr Herbut
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of free-stall barn orientation relative to cardinal points on the insolation area and on the surface temperature of selected stalls in the summer period. The results of the experimental research were subjected to model analysis of the distribution of area of insolation into a barn. The studies showed that the surface of insolated stalls is heated to a temperature of 40°C, and in extreme cases up to 58°C. Taking into account the body temperature of cows (38–39°C), it can be concluded that the heat transfer from animals’ body to the environment, and thus the possibility of their cooling, were difficult. This is confirmed by observations of the behaviour of cows obtained from the video monitoring. Large differences were found in thermal conditions in the southern and northern stall areas, which in the midday hours were up to 10°C. The impact of clouds occurring during observations, included in the studies, contributed to the reduction of temperature of the stalls surface. During hot weather, short, ten-minute appearance of clouds, caused a decrease of the temperature of stalls surface by approx. 2.5°C. On this basis, it can be concluded that the use of shadings in building environment in the noon hours could limit the heating up of stalls and thus contribute to improving the living conditions of cows in barn.

scholarly journals Сезонна динаміка капіляріозу гусей

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
В. О. Євстаф’єва ◽  
В. І. Єресько
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Intensity Of Invasion

У статті представлені результати досліджень показників інвазованості гусей збудником капіляріозу залежно від пори року в кліматичних умовах Полтавської області. Копроовоскопічно встановлено, що сезонна динаміка капіляріозу гусей характеризується підвищенням екстенсивності та інтенсивності інвазії у весняно-літній період року (до 54,55 % та 80,67 яєць/г) та їх зниженням у зимовий період (12,73 %, 28,57 яєць/г). Водночас за результатами гельмінтологічного розтину гусей максимальну кількість статевозрілих капілярій виявляли взимку та навесні (до 72,22 % та 37,48 екз./гол.), найменшу – влітку (39,62 %, 11,86 екз./гол.). The article presents the results of studies of indicators of invasion of geese by the causative agent of capillariasis, depending on the season in the climatic conditions of Poltava region. The seasonal dynamics of capillariasis in geese is characterized by the increase in the extensiveness and intensity of invasion in the spring-summer period of the year (up to 54.55 % and 80.67 eggs/g) and their decrease during the winter period (12.73 %, 28.57 eggs/g). At the same time, according to the results of helminthological opening of geese, the maximum number of sexually mature capillaries was detected in winter and spring (up to 72.22 % and 37.48 specimens/head), the smallest – in summer (39.62 %, 11.86 specimens/head).

scholarly journals Effects of 2,4-D Herbicide on Species of the Digitaria Genus

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. GAZOLA ◽  
M.F. DIAS ◽  
R.C. DIAS ◽  
C.A. CARBONARI ◽  
E.D. VELINI
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the 2,4-D herbicide on the growth and development of Digitaria insularis and Digitaria horizontalis plants under different climatic conditions. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with 11 treatments (rates of the herbicide) and four replications. Rate-response curves were determined for the 2,4-D rates of 0, 50.37, 100.75, 201.5, 403, 806, 1,612, 3,224, 6,448, 12,896, and 25,792 g a.i. ha-1. The plants presented growth stimulus with low rates of 2,4-D in the autumn-winter period, but this stimulus was not found in the spring-summer period. The plants subjected to application of high rates of 2,4-D had significantly lower growth and development than the control, regardless of the climatic conditions. Therefore, auxin herbicides must be used with caution, mainly in periods of low temperatures, because any problems related to the application technology - which may cause the contact of plants with low rates of this herbicide - will promote the growth of plants of these species, hindering the control and favoring the dispersion of these plants.

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