scholarly journals Atg16L1 as a Novel Biomarker and Autophagy Gene for Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinxiao Gao ◽  
Yunhui Du ◽  
Wayne Bond Lau ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Siquan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Microarray Analyses

Objective. Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the current study, we aim to identify autophagy genes involved in DR via microarray analyses. Methods. Gene microarrays were performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs/mRNAs between normal and DR retinas. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of lncRNA-coexpressed mRNAs were used to determine the related pathological pathways and biological modules. Real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted to validate the microarray analyses. Results. A total of 2474 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and 959 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the retina of DR. Based upon Signalnet analysis, Bcl2, Gabarapl2, Atg4c, and Atg16L1 participated the process of cell death in DR. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed significant upregulation of Atg16L1. Conclusion. This study indicated the importance and potential role of Atg16L1, one of the autophagy genes, as a biomarker in DR development and progression.

Molecular evidence of vector-borne pathogens coinfecting dogs from Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rymaszewska ◽  
Małgorzata Adamska
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Ticks of the genusIxodesare vectors for many pathogens, includingBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato,Anaplasma phagocytophilumandRickettsiaspp., and may also serve as vectors forBartonellaspp. However, the role of ticks inBartonellatransmission requires additional studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether coinfection with two or more vector-borne pathogens can occur in the following three groups of dogs: I — dogs with suspected borreliosis (N = 92), II — dogs considered healthy (N = 100), and III — dogs with diagnosed babesiosis (N = 50). Polymerase chain reactions were performed to detect DNA ofAnaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsiaspp. andBartonellaspp. in the blood of dogs. In dogs of Group I, the DNA of bothA. phagocytophilumandBartonellasp. was detected (14% and 1%, respectively). In eight dogs, coinfection was indicated:A. phagocytophilumorBartonellasp. withB. burgdorferis.l. (the presence of antibodies against and/or DNAB. burgdorferis.l.). In the case of five dogs positive forA. phagocytophilumDNA, no coinfection withB. burgdorferis.l. was shown. In Group II, the DNA ofA. phagocytophilumwas detected in four dogs. In Group III, no pathogenic agents possibly transmitted by ticks were confirmed. No DNA ofR. helveticawas detected in any of the groups studied.

scholarly journals Suitability of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for cry9C Detection in Mexican Corn Tortillas: Fate of DNA and Protein After Alkaline Cooking

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricarmen Quirasco ◽  
Bernd Schoel ◽  
Javier Plasencia ◽  
John Fagan ◽  
Amanda Galvez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Transgenic Corn ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Corn Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Corn Kernels

Abstract Alkaline-cooked corn, called nixtamal, is the basis for many traditional corn products such as tortillas, chips, and taco shells that are used widely in Mexico and Central America and in the preparation of snack foods that are consumed globally. To assess the effects of alkaline and thermal treatments on the detectability of DNA and protein for the presence of genetically modified sequences, various nixtamalized products were prepared from blends of conventional white corn containing 0.1, 1.0, and 10% transgenic corn (event CBH 351, StarLink™). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RTQ–PCR) and immunoassays were used to determine the cry9C gene and protein, respectively, in unprocessed corn kernels, freshly prepared alkaline-cooked and ground corn (masa), masa flour, tortillas prepared from masa by heat treatment, chips prepared from damp masa dough by deep frying, and from tortillas processed at high (200°C) and low temperatures (70°C). In spite of progressive degradation of genomic DNA during processing, RTQ–PCR genetic analysis allowed detection and quantification of the cry9C gene in all products prepared from 10, 1, and 0.1% StarLink corn, except deep-fried chips containing 0.1% StarLink. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays readily detected <1ppm cry9C protein in all blends of unprocessed corn (10, 1, and 0.1% StarLink) as well as in nonfried tortilla and masa products. This technique was not suitable for thermally treated nixtamalized products containing <1% transgenic corn.

scholarly journals SIRT1 deacetylates mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme α subunit to inhibit ubiquitylation and decrease insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Mei Wang ◽  
Ting-Lei Huang ◽  
Chao Meng ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Ning-Yuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Reduce Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Dysregulation of free acid metabolism is a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme subunit (MTPα) has a critical role in fatty acid β-oxidation. However, the association between MTPα and insulin resistance is not definitively known. Here, we aimed to determine how MTPα affects insulin resistance. We tested how MTPα affected glucose uptake in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT) of db/db diabetic mice. We also measured how acetylation and ubiquitylation modifications regulated MTPα activation and stability, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation. We found that MTPα overexpression promoted glucose uptake via Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, MTPα upregulation decreased glycemia in db/db mice. Deacetylation increased MTPα protein stability and its ability to reduce insulin resistance. The activation of SIRT1, a major deacetylase, prevented MTPα degradation by decreasing its acetylation in adipocytes. Our study demonstrates a new role for MTPα in reducing insulin resistance. Acetylation and ubiquitylation modifications of MTPα were crucial to regulating its function in glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals High number of asymptomatic dogs as leptospiral carriers in an endemic area indicates a serious public health concern

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1852-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANT'ANNA ◽  
A. S. VIEIRA ◽  
J. GRAPIGLIA ◽  
W. LILENBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYAsymptomatic dogs can be potential hosts of leptospirosis. However, the extension of this phenomenon in endemic areas has not yet been clearly defined. This study is aimed at evaluating the role of asymptomatic dogs as carriers of Leptospira in an endemic area of Brazil. A total of 131 male dogs without apparent leptospirosis symptoms were included in the study based on clinical and hematologic exams. Serum and urine samples were collected for microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeted the LipL32 gene, respectively. Forty-two dogs (32·1%) presented seroreactivity (titres ⩾100). The serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was predominant, representing 92·7% of the seropositive samples. Overall, leptospiral DNA was detected on 26 urine samples (19·8%). PCR positivity was more common (28·6%) on seropositive dogs than on seronegative (15·7%) ones. Nevertheless, MAT was not correlated to PCR (P > 0·05). Age was not associated with seroreactivity, but dogs older than 5 years of age had 4·07 more chances (odds ratio) of being carriers (PCR positive) than younger ones. Although the fact of knowing that asymptomatic dogs can act as leptospiral carriers is not new, the extension of this fact is impressive in an endemic region, and its role and impact on public health cannot be neglected.

Parallel detection of five human herpes virus DNAs by a set of real-time polymerase chain reactions in a single run

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Stöcher ◽  
Victoria Leb ◽  
Michael Bozic ◽  
Harald H Kessler ◽  
Gabriele Halwachs-Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Herpès Virus
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