scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Fraction from the Leaves of Pyrus pyrifolia on LPS-Stimulated THP-1 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gilhye Lee ◽  
Jung-Hee Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jae Jang ◽  
Ji-Won Park ◽  
Jae-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia Nakai ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Bioactive Fraction ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai (P. pyrifolia) has been traditionally used in East Asia to treat diseases such as phlegm, cough, hangover, and fever. However, there is no investigation that evaluates the biological activities of the leaves of P. pyrifolia. This study aims at describing the anti-inflammatory effects of PP, a bioactive fraction from the leaves of P. pyrifolia, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells. Initially, PP decreased the protein and RNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 induced by LPS. Moreover, PP attenuated the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK. In addition, after stimulation with LPS, the degradation of IκB-α was suppressed by PP, and the phosphorylation of IκB-α and p65 was suppressed by PP. Additionally, PP increased HO-1, which controls the production of inflammatory molecules, by activating Nrf2. These results indicated that PP could be used as an anti-inflammatory drug to promote wellness.

scholarly journals Bioactivity-Guided Extract Optimization of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus Leaves and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phillyrin

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Song ◽  
Da-Eun Jeong ◽  
Mina Lee
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Extracellular Regulated Kinase

The aim of this study was to identify the optimal extraction conditions for leaves of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus. Inhibitory effects of various extracts on NO production were compared. Antioxidant evaluations for total phenol and flavonoid contents were carried out using various extracts of O. fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves obtained under optimal extraction conditions that showed the greatest effect on NO production. The optimal method for extracting O. fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves resulted in an extract named OP OFLE. OP OFLE showed DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Phillyrin (PH) was isolated as a major compound from OP OFLE by HPLC/DAD analysis. OP OFLE and PH reduced inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and HT-29 cells. To determine the signal pathway involved in the inhibition of NO production, a Western blot analysis was performed. Results showed that OP OFLE decreased phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) 1/2 and the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Our results suggest that extracts of O. fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves and its major components have biological activities such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpene Lactones: Promising Natural Compounds to Fight Inflammation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Matos ◽  
José D. Anastácio ◽  
Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Inflammation is a crucial and complex process that reestablishes the physiological state after a noxious stimulus. In pathological conditions the inflammatory state may persist, leading to chronic inflammation and causing tissue damage. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are composed of a large and diverse group of highly bioactive plant secondary metabolites, characterized by a 15-carbon backbone structure. In recent years, the interest in SLs has risen due to their vast array of biological activities beneficial for human health. The anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds results from their ability to target and inhibit various key pro-inflammatory molecules enrolled in diverse inflammatory pathways, and prevent or reduce the inflammatory damage on tissues. Research on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SLs has thrived over the last years, and numerous compounds from diverse plants have been studied, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Besides their anti-inflammatory potential, their cytotoxicity, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics have been investigated. This review aims to gather the most relevant results and insights concerning the anti-inflammatory potential of SL-rich extracts and pure SLs, focusing on their effects in different inflammatory pathways and on different molecular players.

Preparation and characterization of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory hyaluronic acid-chitosan-dexamethasone hydrogels for peri-implantitis repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110479
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhou ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yamin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Composite Hydrogels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Nih 3T3

Numerous treatment methods for peri-implantitis have been widely used including oral cleaning, traditional metal scraping means, or local antibiotic application. However, to continuously release antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drug in location in situ for effective peri-implantitis repair is still challenging. Herein, an anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DE)–incorporated hyaluronic acid (HA)-chitosan (CT) composite hydrogels system was developed to repair peri-implantitis. The physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility of the hydrogel were evaluated in vitro. The in vivo hydrogels degradation and peri-implantitis repair were assessed in mice. The results showed that the prepared multifunctional hydrogels achieved sustained release, with an equilibrium swelling of 18, and promoted the growth against NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. The in vitro antibacterial tests showed HA-CT-DE hydrogels can inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It down-regulated the expression levels of inflammation factor IL-1β, IL-6 and, TNF-α in peri-implantitis. The prepared HA-CT-DE composite hydrogels with integrated function is promising for the treatment of peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Mahanintangtong and its constituent herbs, a formula used in Thai traditional medicine for treating pharyngitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanuz Dechayont ◽  
Pathompong Phuaklee ◽  
Jitpisute Chunthorng-Orn ◽  
Thana Juckmeta ◽  
Onmanee Prajuabjinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Mahanintangtong is listed in the Thailand’s National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). It is used to treat non-specific fevers and illnesses such as pharyngitis and chickenpox. In this study, we investigated the biological activities of the different medicinal plants used in the Mahanintangtong formula. Methods The plant materials were extracted by maceration and decoction. Antimicrobial activity, assessed by disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were compared with commercially available standard antibiotics. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production was tested by Griess and ELISA techniques. Antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS and DPPH scavenging assays. Results The extracts with the best antimicrobial activities were carbonized Tectona grandis showing against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanol extract of Dracaena loureiroi wood exhibited the highest NO and IL-6 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.42 ± 1.81 and 12.02 ± 0.30 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract of Pogostemon cablin had the highest TNF-α inhibitory with IC50 values of 10.68 ± 0.02 μg/mL. In anti-free radical testing, the ethanol extract of D. loureiroi displayed high antioxidant activity by both ABTS and DPPH assays. Conclusion The ethanol extracts from carbonized T. grandis and Mahanintangtong showed good antimicrobial activity, especially against S. pyogenes, and good anti-inflammatory activity. These findings are relevant to the pathogenesis of pharyngitis and justify additional studies to see if Mahanintangtong could have clinical utility.

scholarly journals Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Luciana Rossi ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The objectives of the study were to test the biological activities of peppermint and spearmint oils via (i) measuring in vitro anti-inflammatory effects with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), (ii) determining the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 by analyzing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), (iii) testing their antioxidant activities, and (iv) investigating the antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18+. Briefly, (i) macrophages were seeded at 106 cells/mL and treated (24 h) with mint oils and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The treatments were 2 (0 or 1 μg/mL of LPS) × 5 (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL of mint oils). The supernatants were collected for TNF-α and IL-1β measurement by ELISA; (ii) IPEC-J2 cells were seeded at 5 × 105 cells/mL and treated with mint oils (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). TEER (Ωcm2) was measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h; (iii) the antioxidant activity was assessed (0, 1, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 600 mg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays; (iv) overnight-grown ETEC F18+ were quantified (CFU/mL) after supplementing with peppermint and spearmint oils (0, 1.44, 2.87, 5.75, 11.50, and 23.00 mg/mL). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Both mint oils significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) IL-1β and TNF-α secretion from LPS-stimulated PAMs. Mint oil treatments did not affect TEER in IPEC-J2. Spearmint and peppermint oils exhibited (p < 0.05) strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and reducing power assays. Both mint oils also dose-dependently inhibited (p < 0.05) the growth of ETEC F18+ in vitro. The results of the study indicated that both mint oils are great candidate feed additives due to their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Anti-inflammation Activity of Essential Oils from Citrus unshiu Flower

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jin Kim ◽  
Kyong-Wol Yang ◽  
Sang Suk Kim ◽  
Suk Man Park ◽  
Kyung Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Though many essential oils from citrus peels are claimed to have several medicinal functions, the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of Citrus flowers have not been well described. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oils from C. unshiu flower (CEO) to support its purported beneficial health effects. The chemical constituents of the CEO, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), included γ-terpinene (24.7%), 2-β-pinene (16.6%), 1-methyl-2-isopropylbenzene (11.5%), L-limonene (5.7%), β-ocimene (5.6%), and α-pinene (4.7%). The effects of the CEO on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were also examined. The results indicate that the CEO is an effective inhibitor of LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, CEO was shown to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6. Based on these results, CEO may be considered a potential anti-inflammatory candidate with human health benefits.

scholarly journals Tyrosol and its metabolites as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory molecules in human endothelial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2905-2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. G. Muriana ◽  
Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz ◽  
Ricardo Lucas ◽  
Beatriz Bermudez ◽  
Sara Jaramillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Novel biological activities for tyrosol metabolites on human endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rb1 Mitigates Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis through TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7089
Author(s):  
Aftab Shaukat ◽  
Irfan Shaukat ◽  
Shahid Ali Rajput ◽  
Rizwan Shukat ◽  
Sana Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ginsenoside Rb1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Early Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide

Endometritis is the inflammatory response of the endometrial lining of the uterus and is associated with low conception rates, early embryonic mortality, and prolonged inter-calving intervals, and thus poses huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GnRb1) is a natural compound obtained from the roots of Panax ginseng, having several pharmacological and biological properties. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of GnRb1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged endometritis through the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway has not yet been researched. This study was planned to evaluate the mechanisms of how GnRb1 rescues LPS-induced endometritis. In the present research, histopathological findings revealed that GnRb1 ameliorated LPS-triggered uterine injury. The ELISA and RT-qPCR assay findings indicated that GnRb1 suppressed the expression level of pro-inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and boosted the level of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine. Furthermore, the molecular study suggested that GnRb1 attenuated TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling. The results demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of GnRb1 in the mouse model of LPS-triggered endometritis via the inhibition of the TLR4-associated NF-κB pathway. Taken together, this study provides a baseline for the protective effect of GnRb1 to treat endometritis in both humans and animals.

scholarly journals Compounds from Caesalpinia sappan with anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages and chondrocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1671-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mueller ◽  
Daniela Weinmann ◽  
Stefan Toegel ◽  
Wolfgang Holzer ◽  
Frank M. Unger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Promote Blood Circulation ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan is a traditional ingredient of food and beverages in South East Asia and has been used in traditional medicine as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug or to promote blood circulation.

scholarly journals Diterpenoid Lactones with Anti-Inflammatory Effects from the Aerial Parts of Andrographis paniculata

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Gan ◽  
Yuanru Zheng ◽  
Lijuan Deng ◽  
Pinghua Sun ◽  
Jiaxi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Rational Drug Design ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Qsar Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Compounds

Andrographis paniculata (AP) has been widely used in China for centuries to treat various diseases, and especially to treat inflammation. Diterpenoid lactones are the main anti-inflammatory components of AP. However, systematic chemical composition and biological activities, as well as key pharmacophores, of these diterpenoid lactones from AP have not yet been clearly understood. In this study, 17 diterpenoid lactones, including 2 new compounds, were identified by spectroscopic methods, and most of them attenuated the generation of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW 274.7 cells examined by ELISA. Pharmacophores of diterpenoid lactones responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities were revealed based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. Moreover, new compounds (AP-1 and AP-4) exerted anti-inflammatory activity in LPS microinjection-induced zebrafish, which might be correlated with the inhibition of the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus. Our study provides guidelines for future structure modification and rational drug design of diterpenoid lactones with anti-inflammatory properties in medical chemistry.

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