Farmers’ Perception about the Use of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Landraces and Their Genetic Erosion in South Wollo Administrative Zone, Ethiopia

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/3601897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Silamlak Birhanu Abegaz ◽

Faris Hailu Tessema

Keyword(s):

Profile Analysis ◽

Market Price ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Land Size ◽

On Farm ◽

Local Farmers

Genetic erosion can result in the loss of sorghum landrace genetic diversity. In the study areas, although it is generally believed that genetic erosion had occurred, there are no data on its amount and extent. Thus, this study is aimed to assess farmers’ perception about the use of sorghum landraces and their genetic erosion and to identify suggested reasons for the replacement of sorghum landraces. To this end, a field survey of 1200 farmers, randomly selected over the three districts (Tenta, Mekdela, and Delanta) during 2006 to 2015/2016 main cropping seasons, was undertaken. Structured questionnaire survey of households, focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations were used to collect data. Moreover, the data for samples collected during 1980 were obtained from the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI). Sorghum landrace history profile analysis indicated that there was an insight in the use of local varieties among local farmers over the past three or above decades. However, there is a reduction trend due to the different selection criteria described by farmers. “Kokita,” “Merar,” “Marchuke,” “Tinkish” (except for “Necho-Tinkish” and “Jofa-Tinkish”), and “Fesho” were totally excluded (lost) by local farmers attributed by home consumption preferences. The interviewed farmers indicated that genetic erosion had occurred. Genetic erosion of 100% was observed in white sorghum in Mekdela and 66.7% in Delanta and Tenta districts. Likewise, genetic erosion of red sorghum, 25%, 20%, and 75%, respectively, was detected in Tenta, Mekdela, and Delanta. For yellow sorghum grains, genetic erosion was 33.4% in Tenta and 66.7% in Mekdela and Delanta. Genetic erosion for “Tinkish” was found to be 66.7% in Tenta and 50% in Mekdela and Delanta. Based on farmer responses, genetic erosion was attributed to reduced benefits from landraces, drought, climate change, market price and demand, and reduction in land size. The actions of both natural and conscious selection on farm were also discussed in detail as genetic erosion scenarios. Therefore, attention should be given to conservation of farmers’ varieties in which involving farmers’ participation is very important in order to use their indigenous knowledge for conservation of FVs and on-farm conservation strategies should be practiced for FV sustainable use. Thus, genetic resource conservation is attained.

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Evaluation of Garlic Landraces from Foggia Province (Puglia Region; Italy)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9070850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 850 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Bonasia ◽

Giulia Conversa ◽

Corrado Lazzizera ◽

Pasqua Loizzo ◽

Giuseppe Gambacorta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Erosion ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Food Product ◽

Reference Standard ◽

Large Variability ◽

Free Sugars ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Low Levels ◽

On Farm

Interest in local landraces has unfortunately decreased over, the last decades, in which they have been continuously subjected to a high genetic erosion in favour of new modern varieties. Within the Puglia region (S-E Italy), Foggia province was found to be the richest in vegetable landraces. In the present study, six garlic landraces collected from this area have been assessed for their chemical composition (minerals, organic acids, free sugars, volatile, and phenolic compounds) along with their main morpho-biometrical traits. A commercial genotype was also considered as a reference standard. The landraces show a large variability, but in general high morphological standards, high levels of cations and phenols, and low levels of volatile-(S)-compounds in comparison with the commercial genotype and the literature values. ‘Aglio di Peschici’ and ‘Aglio Rosso di Monteleone di Puglia’ are very rich in minerals and phenols (mainly ferulic acid and iso-rhamnetin). This increase in knowledge on the chemical properties of these garlic landraces could represent a tool for encouraging the consumption of a food product. At the same time, the consumption of these landraces would stimulate their cultivation and could highly contribute to protection against the risk of erosion of agro-biodiversity by their in situ/on-farm conservation.

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Implications of farmers’ seed exchanges for on-farm conservation of quinoa, as revealed by its genetic diversity in Chile

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859612000056 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 150 (6) ◽

pp. 702-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

F. F. FUENTES ◽

D. BAZILE ◽

A. BHARGAVA ◽

E. A. MARTÍNEZ

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Urban Systems ◽

Small Scale ◽

South American ◽

Exchange Networks ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Genetic Structure And Diversity ◽

On Farm

SUMMARYQuinoa cultivation in Chile presents an ancient and active complex of geographic, climatic, social and cultural interactions that has determined its current biodiversity in the three main growing zones (north, central and south). Importantly, these interactions involve the participation of farmers, whose activities are at the base of seed exchange networks due to their knowledge andin situconservation of genetic diversity. The present study reports how a better understanding of farmers’ seed exchanges and local production practices could impact the genetic structure and diversity of quinoa at national scale in Chile. Using field interviews and characterization of 20 microsatellite genetic markers in a multi-origin set of 34 quinoa accessions representative of Chile and the South American region, the phenetic analysis of germplasm was consistent with the current classification of quinoa ecotypes present in Chile and Andean zone. This allowed the identification of five populations, which were represented by quinoa of Salares (northern Chile), Coastal/Lowlands (central and southern Chile), Highlands (Peru, Bolivia and Argentina) and Inter-Andean Valleys (Ecuador and Colombia). The highly informative quality of the markers used revealed a wide genetic diversity among main growing areas in Chile, which correlated well with natural geographical–edaphic–climatic and social–linguistic context to the expansion of quinoa biodiversity. Additionally, in addition to ancient seed exchanges, this process is still governed by the diverse agricultural practices of Andean farmers. Genetic erosion is considered an imminent risk due to small-scale farming, where the influence of increased migration of people to urban systems and export-driven changes to the agro-ecosystems may further reduce the diversity of quinoa plants in cultivation.

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Market value of restocking and landscape in red-legged partridge hunting: a study based on advertisements

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr12191 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 336 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Silvia Díaz-Fernández ◽

Beatriz Arroyo ◽

Javier Vióuela ◽

Isabel Patióo-Pascumal ◽

Pere Riera

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Market Price ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Market Value ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Wild Stock ◽

Price Variation ◽

Market Prices ◽

The Public ◽

On Farm

Context In Spain, the release of farm-reared partridges to hunt is increasingly used, despite being thought to affect sustainability of wild stocks and to reduce the need of natural habitats for game. Aims To explore the market value as a possible incentive for current management, we evaluated within a segment of the red-legged partridge hunting market whether the use of farm-reared birds (as opposed to wild stock) or the naturalisation of landscapes are affecting the hunt market price. Methods We considered estates that sell individual hunting days and contacted buyers through advertisements. We gathered all advertisements for the 2010 season in four top hunting magazines and two websites, and conducted a telephone survey to record price and associated characteristics of hunts. We looked for relationships between price and the characteristics of sold hunts, using general linear models. Key results Hunts varied largely in price, but neither restocking nor naturalisation of the landscape explained price variation, at least within our sample of estates. The absence of price difference between wild or released partridges could be reflecting the current difficulty to distinguish both kinds of products in the market. Conclusions Market forces alone might not be promoting the public interest of the sustainable use of wild stocks versus industrial hunting based on farm-reared birds. Implications If promoting conservation and sustainable use of wild stocks is considered a major goal of official institutions in charge of biodiversity conservation and game management, they should promote reliable ways of identifying estates selling wild or restocked partridges, and they should also evaluate benefits and costs associated with hunting farm-reared birds relative to wild birds, so as to help internalise these costs and benefits if necessary. A study of the determinants of hunter demands would also help explain variation in supply and market prices.

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Livelihood implications of in situ-on farm conservation strategies of fruit species in Uzbekistan

Agroforestry Systems ◽

10.1007/s10457-017-0069-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 92 (5) ◽

pp. 1253-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elisabetta Gotor ◽

Mauricio R. Bellon ◽

Muhabbat Turdieva ◽

Karim Baymetov ◽

Parhod Nazarov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservation Strategies ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Fruit Species ◽

On Farm

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On‐farm conservation priorities through a multicriteria mono‐specific approach

Crop Science ◽

10.1002/csc2.20620 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rosa María García ◽

Mauricio Parra‐Quijano ◽

Jesús Martínez‐Fernández ◽

José María Iriondo

Keyword(s):

Conservation Priorities ◽

Specific Approach ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

On Farm

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On farm conservation of fruit genetic resources

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2021.1307.20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127-130

Author(s):

F. Paprstein ◽

J. Sedlak ◽

P. Brandova

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Fruit Genetic Resources ◽

On Farm

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Managing Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cows by Amending Slurry with Alum or Zeolite or by Diet Modification

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2001.100 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 860-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John J. Meisinger ◽

Alan M. Lefcourt ◽

Jo Ann S. Van Kessel ◽

Victor Wilkerson

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Wind Tunnels ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Nh3 Volatilization ◽

Available N ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Potential Contributor ◽

On Farm

Animal agriculture is a significant source of atmospheric ammonia. Ammonia (NH3) volatilization represents a loss of plant available N to the farmer and a potential contributor to eutrophication in low-nitrogen input ecosystems. This research evaluated on-farm slurry treatments of alum or zeolite and compared three diets for lactating dairy cows in their effectiveness to reduce NH3 emissions. NH3 emissions were compared using a group of mobile wind tunnels. The addition of 2.5% alum or 6.25% zeolite to barn-stored dairy slurry reduced NH3 volatilization by 60% and 55%, respectively, compared to untreated slurry. The alum conserved NH3 by acidifying the slurry to below pH 5, while the zeolite conserved ammonia by lowering the solution-phase nitrogen through cation exchange. The use of alum or zeolite also reduced soluble phosphorus in the slurry. NH3 loss from fresh manure collected from lactating dairy cows was not affected by three diets containing the same level of crude protein but differing in forage source (orchardgrass silage vs. alfalfa silage) or neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (30% vs. 35% NDF). NH3 losses from the freshly excreted manures occurred very rapidly and included the urea component plus some unidentified labile organic nitrogen sources. NH3 conservation strategies for fresh manures will have to be active within the first few hours after excretion in order to be most effective. The use of alum or zeolites as an on-farm amendment to dairy slurry offers the potential for significantly reducing NH3 emissions.

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On the ecological recognition of Butia palm groves as integral ecosystems: Why do we need to widen the legal protection and the in situ/on-farm conservation approaches?

Land Use Policy ◽

10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ênio Egon Sosinski ◽

Leonardo Marques Urruth ◽

Rosa Lía Barbieri ◽

Marene Machado Marchi ◽

Silvano Gildo Martens

Keyword(s):

Legal Protection ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

On Farm

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JD.com

Putting Purpose Into Practice ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198870708.003.0030 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 339-345

Author(s):

Lydia J Price ◽

Liu Xiaowen ◽

Ni Jing Hua

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Market Price ◽

Hebei Province ◽

Business Owner ◽

Free Range ◽

Internet Business ◽

Local Farmers

JD.com is one of China’s largest e-commerce companies, capturing more than a quarter of the country’s $600 billion B2C market in 2017. It is seeking to become one of the world’s most trusted companies and is working with local farmers’ cooperatives, the Chinese, and a local internet business owner to create a programme called Running Chicken to source free-range chickens at scale from low-income farmers in Wuyi County in northern Hebei Province. JD buys chickens at three times the average market price provided that strict standards are adhered to and monitored. The result has been increased farmer incomes that have raised hundreds of families out of poverty and removed Wuyi County from the national poverty list. Pilots are underway to replicate the programme in other poverty-stricken counties of China.

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