scholarly journals Managing Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cows by Amending Slurry with Alum or Zeolite or by Diet Modification

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 860-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Meisinger ◽  
Alan M. Lefcourt ◽  
Jo Ann S. Van Kessel ◽  
Victor Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Available N ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
On Farm

Animal agriculture is a significant source of atmospheric ammonia. Ammonia (NH3) volatilization represents a loss of plant available N to the farmer and a potential contributor to eutrophication in low-nitrogen input ecosystems. This research evaluated on-farm slurry treatments of alum or zeolite and compared three diets for lactating dairy cows in their effectiveness to reduce NH3 emissions. NH3 emissions were compared using a group of mobile wind tunnels. The addition of 2.5% alum or 6.25% zeolite to barn-stored dairy slurry reduced NH3 volatilization by 60% and 55%, respectively, compared to untreated slurry. The alum conserved NH3 by acidifying the slurry to below pH 5, while the zeolite conserved ammonia by lowering the solution-phase nitrogen through cation exchange. The use of alum or zeolite also reduced soluble phosphorus in the slurry. NH3 loss from fresh manure collected from lactating dairy cows was not affected by three diets containing the same level of crude protein but differing in forage source (orchardgrass silage vs. alfalfa silage) or neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (30% vs. 35% NDF). NH3 losses from the freshly excreted manures occurred very rapidly and included the urea component plus some unidentified labile organic nitrogen sources. NH3 conservation strategies for fresh manures will have to be active within the first few hours after excretion in order to be most effective. The use of alum or zeolites as an on-farm amendment to dairy slurry offers the potential for significantly reducing NH3 emissions.

On-farm feeding interventions to increase milk production in lactating dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Suban Foiklang ◽  
Kampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Chainarong Paoinn ◽  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Feeding Interventions

Predicting the time of ovulation in dairy cows using on-farm progesterone kits

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. McLeod ◽  
J. A. Foulkes ◽  
M. E. Williams ◽  
R. F. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACTA protocol of infrequent, but strategically timed milk-sampling was established for predicting the time of ovulation, and thus the optimum time for insemination, in lactating dairy cows. In the experimental group (no. = 49), the time of ovulation was predicted on the basis of a fall in milk progesterone concentrations, which was identified by the use of ‘on-farm’ progesterone assay kits. Reproductive performance in these animals was compared with that in control cows (no. = 45) that were inseminated solely on the basis of oestrous detection by stockmen. The accuracy of ovulation prediction, and of oestrous detection, was assessed from progesterone profiles based on milk samples collected three times weekly from all 94 cows. These milk samples were analysed by laboratory enzyme-immunoassay after the end of the trial.Over the period during which milk samples were monitored with ‘on-farm’ progesterone kits, a total of 88 ovulations occurred in the experimental group. The progesterone-testing protocol accurately predicted 87 (99%) of these. Over the same period, there was a total of 81 ovulations in the control group and 63 (78%) of these were associated with correct oestrous detection. Conception rates to correctly timed insemination did not differ significantly between groups, but by the end of the three-cycle experimental period, significantly more of the cows in the experimental group (21·8%) than in the control group (4·8%; P < 0·05). In contrast, the use of ‘on-farm’ progesterone results to confirm oestrus avoided any mistimed inseminations (13% of inseminations in the control group). By using the milk-sampling and ‘on-farm’ progesterone-testing protocol, only 1% of ovulations were not accompanied by a correctly timed insemination. This compared with 22% of ovulations in the control group not associated with an insemination because oestrus was not detected. By ensuring that all ovulations are associated with a correctly timed insemination, herd reproductive performance can be significantly improved.

scholarly journals On-farm use of legume (<i>Phaseolus calcaratus</i>) and Ruzi grass on rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Narong Wongnen ◽  
Wisith Sangkloy ◽  
Ruangyote Pilajun ◽  
Suchittra Kanpukdee
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Optimal Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration of Barley-Based Diets for Lactating Dairy Cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Beauchemin ◽  
B.I. Farr ◽  
L.M. Rode ◽  
G.B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Estimation of between-Cow Variability in Nutrient Digestion of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Corn-Based Diets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himali Tharangani ◽  
Changwen Lu ◽  
Liansheng Zhao ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Xusheng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The objective of this study was to estimate cow variability that can be used to determine the optimal sample size for digestibility trials using lactating dairy cows. Experimental design was randomized complete block design having three blocks and three dietary treatments. Three similarly managed nearby intensive farms were considered as blocks, and three diets were formulated to have 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 neutral detergent fiber (NDF): starch ratio. In each farm, 18 cows were assigned for each dietary treatment and five sample sizes per each treatment group were simulated by simple random sampling of data from 18, 15, 12, 9 and 6 cows respectively. Intake was not affected by diet or sample size (p > 0.05). Estimated cow variability (as standard deviation) for digestibility of dry matter, NDF and starch were 3.8 g/kg, 5.1 g/kg and 3.3 g/kg, respectively. A major implication of this study is that cow variability is greatest for NDF digestibility and the use of a minimum of 12 cows per dietary treatment is adequate to reliably detect treatment effects on the digestibility of NDF, starch and dry matter using cows fed in groups with randomized block design under these experimental conditions.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CORN CONDENSED DISTILLERS SOLUBLES (CCDS) ON RATION DIGESTIBILITY. NITROGEN/ENERGY UTILIZATION AND RUMEN FLUID CHARACTERISTICS OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
L. E. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Condensed Distillers Solubles ◽  
Balance Trials

Digestion and Balance trials were conducted with 18 lactating dairy cows in their 7-8 weeks of lactation using 7 day total collection to determine nitrogen and energy balance and digestibility of ration nutrients by lactating dairy cows fed three levels (0.8 and 16%) of corn condensed distillers solubles (CCDS). Cows were fed treatment rations for 4 weeks before collection. Following digestion and balance trials, rumen fluid samples were collected esophagially before feeding and 3 hours after feeding to determine the influence of CCDS on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. Corn condensed distilers solubles significantly (P<0.05) improved the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber and ether extract but depressed the digestibility of the ash. Apparent nitrogen retention was significantly (P <0.05) lower for animals on 8% CCDS ration. There were no significant differences in energy utilization among groups. Corn condensed distilers soluble did not significantly affect rumen pH, but depressed rumen ammonia nitrogen. On molar percentage basis, animals on the 8% CCDS ration had significantly (P< 0.05) higher acetate in the rumen 3 hours after feeding. Other VFA remained relatively unaffected by treatments.  

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