scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Action of Different Parts of Myrtus communis Growing in Saudi Arabia against Candida Spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Alyousef
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Candida Spp

Discovering new antifungal drugs from natural products is a key target for the treatment of infections, such as candidiasis and other Candida-related infections. As current therapeutic drugs for the treatment of infections, such as candidiasis and other Candida-related infections, have adverse effects on human health, discovering new antifungal drugs from natural products is urgently needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the methanolic and sodium phosphate buffer extracts derived from various parts of Myrtus communis, a plant that is traditionally used in Saudi Arabia, against Candida albicans (ATCC 10213), Candida glabrata (ATCC 2001), Candida kefyr (ATCC 66028), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), and Candida tropicalis (ATCC 750). A well diffusion assay was performed to assess the antifungal activity through the measurement of the zone of inhibition. Of the extracts, those extracted with methanol from the roots and leaves displayed strong inhibitory activity against Candida glabrata ( 23.5 ± 0.12 and 20.7 ± 0.22 , respectively), at 50 mg/ml, with 5 mg/ml fluconazole administered as the standard control. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml for the M. communis root extract and 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml for the M. communis leaf extract against Candida glabrata. The results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the control and treated strains of Candida glabrata. Based on SEM, these extracts could alter the morphology and cause loss of cell integrity. The effect of M. communis root and leaf extracts on Candida cells was also determined by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm after treatment for 1 h at 37°C. Interestingly, the 260 nm absorbing material was higher in Candida glabrata than in the resistant strain, Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019). Based on our findings, the crude methanolic extract of M. communis roots and leaves exhibited good antifungal activity against the Candida glabrata strain. SEM results and estimation of the 260 nm absorbance material proved that the extract might act on the cell wall and cell membrane of Candida cells, further leading to cell death.

scholarly journals Molecules and Metabolites from Natural Products as Inhibitors of Biofilm in Candida spp. pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (28) ◽  
pp. 2567-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Singla ◽  
Ashok K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Background: Biofilm is a critical virulence factor associated with the strains of Candida spp. pathogens as it confers significant resistance to the pathogen against antifungal drugs. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken by focusing on natural products, which have been reported to inhibit biofilms produced by Candida spp. The databases explored were from PubMed and Google Scholar. The abstracts and full text of the manuscripts from the literature were analyzed and included if found significant. Results: Medicinal plants from the order Lamiales, Apiales, Asterales, Myrtales, Sapindales, Acorales, Poales and Laurales were reported to inhibit the biofilms formed by Candida spp. From the microbiological sources, lactobacilli, Streptomyces chrestomyceticus and Streptococcus thermophilus B had shown the strong biofilm inhibition potential. Further, the diverse nature of the compounds from classes like terpenoids, phenylpropanoid, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenol, naphthoquinone and saponin was found to be significant in inhibiting the biofilm of Candida spp. Conclusion: Natural products from both plant and microbial origins have proven themselves as a goldmine for isolating the potential biofilm inhibitors with a specific or multi-locus mechanism of action. Structural and functional characterization of the bioactive molecules from active extracts should be the next line of approach along with the thorough exploration of the mechanism of action for the already identified bioactive molecules.

scholarly journals Loss-of-function ROX1 mutations suppress the fluconazole susceptibility of upc2AΔ mutation in Candida glabrata, implicating additional positive regulators of ergosterol biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomye L Ollinger ◽  
Bao Vu ◽  
Daniel Murante ◽  
Josie Parker ◽  
Lucia Simonicova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Positive Regulators

Two of the major classes of antifungal drugs in clinical use target ergosterol biosynthesis. Despite its importance, our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes in pathogenic fungi is essentially limited to the role of hypoxia and sterol-stress induced transcription factors such as Upc2 and Upc2A as well as homologs of Sterol Response Element Binding (SREB) factors. To identify additional regulators of ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida glabrata, an important human fungal pathogen with reduced susceptibility to ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors relative to other Candida spp., we used a serial passaging strategy to isolate suppressors of the fluconazole hypersusceptibility of a upc2AΔ deletion mutant. This led to the identification of loss of function mutants in two genes: ROX1, the homolog of a hypoxia gene transcriptional suppressor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and CST6, a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of carbon dioxide response in C. glabrata. Here, we describe a detailed analysis of the genetic interaction of ROX1 and UPC2A. In the presence of fluconazole, loss of Rox1 function restores ERG11 expression to the upc2AΔ mutant and inhibits the expression of ERG3 and ERG6, leading to increased levels or ergosterol and decreased levels of the toxic sterol, 14α methyl-ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3β, 6α-diol, relative to upc2AΔ. Our observations establish that Rox1 is a negative regulator of ERG gene biosynthesis and indicate that a least one additional positive transcriptional regulator of ERG gene biosynthesis must be present in C. glabrata.

scholarly journals Ação antifúngica de extratos e frações de Annona muricata L. sobre Candida spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e28010514938
Author(s):  
Kellyane Karen Ferreira Aguiar Cesar ◽  
Anny Karoline Rodrigues Batista ◽  
Luciana Rocha Paula ◽  
Reginara Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Francisco Laurindo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Candida Spp

Devido ao amplo potencial medicinal de Annona muricata, as pesquisas relacionadas às suas aplicações em diferentes áreas ligadas a saúde são de fundamental importância, principalmente no que se refere a microrganismos infecciosos com tendências a desenvolver mecanismos de resistência, que é o caso de algumas espécies do gênero Candida. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem como principal objetivo verificar a ação antifúngica de extratos metanólicos de Annona muricata sobre Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei e  Candida glabrata. Os órgãos utilizados para obtenção dos extratos metanólicos foram a folha e o fruto da Annona muricata. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram utilizadas cepas ATCC, que foram reativadas e cultivadas em Ágar Saboraud Dextrose. A determinação da atividade antifúngica dos extratos foi realizada pela técnica da difusão em ágar em poços. Na análise dos resultados, os valores de mensuração dos diâmetros dos halos indicaram uma ação mais significativa nos testes realizados com as espécies de C. krusei e C. albicans frente aos extratos brutos da folha e do fruto de A. muricata, com halo de 30mm e 22mm respectivamente. Em relação ao fracionamento químico realizado, os produtos obtidos a partir das frações butanólica e hexánica da folha sobre cepas de C. krusei, C. albicans e C. parapsilosis foram os que apresentaram resultados mais significativos. Dessa forma, comprovou-se que substancias presentes nesse vegetal podem ser utilizadas no controle cepas de Candida, contudo, estudos mais aprofundados são necessários para identificação e isolamento dos compostos biológicos ativos desses vegetais.

Synergistic anticandidal activity of etomidate and azoles against clinical fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 1477-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia G do AV Sá ◽  
Cecília R da Silva ◽  
Rosana de S Campos ◽  
João B de A Neto ◽  
Letícia S Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Anticandidal Activity ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Radical Generation

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of etomidate alone and in combination with azoles on resistant strains of Candida spp. in both planktonic cells and biofilms. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of etomidate was assessed by the broth microdilution test; flow cytometric procedures to measure fungal viability, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, free radical generation and cell death; as well detection of DNA damage using the comet assay. The interaction between etomidate and antifungal drugs (itraconazole and fluconazole) was evaluated by the checkerboard assay. Results: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against resistant strains of Candida spp. in planktonic cells and biofilms. Etomidate also presented synergism with fluconazole and itraconazole in planktonic cells and biofilms. Conclusion: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., indicating that it is a possible therapeutic alternative.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the acquisition of resistance, antifungal activity and synergism of Brazilian red propolis with antifungal drugs on Candida spp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pippi ◽  
A.J.D. Lana ◽  
R.C. Moraes ◽  
C.M. Güez ◽  
M. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation

scholarly journals Presumptive Identification of Candida spp. from Clinical Isolates and Anticandidal Effect of Essential Oils

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
S S Khandare ◽  
◽  
A P Moon ◽  
M G Ingale ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Life Threatening

Candida is normal flora of human skin, mouth, vagina, colon and causes mycosis worldwide. Candida causes oral thrush, vaginitis and other potentially life-threatening diseases. This study assesses anticandidal potential of essential oils against Candida species isolated from clinical samples obtained from Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra. On the basis of morphological characterization on Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHROMagar, Germ tube test and biochemical characterization, Candida species identified as Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis. Clove, thyme, cinnamon and eucalyptus essential oils with concentrations of 6.2, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml were used to study their anticandidal activity. C. albicans demonstrated zone of inhibition (ZOI) 29, 20, 32, 29 mm, Candida krusei 25, 25, 30, 21 mm, Candida glabrata 24, 22, 31, 32mm,Candida parapsilosis 33,31,33, 29mm towards clove, thyme, cinnamon and eucalyptus oil (each at 100 μg/ml) respectively which are highest ZOI as compared with antifungal agent Amphotericin-B, which showed 16, 13, 12, 8 mm against C. albicans, C. krusei, C.glabrata and C. parapsilosis respectively. All Candida spp. produced biofilms and enzyme lipase. This study will facilitate the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules against a range of Candida species.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of etomidate against growing biofilms of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. strains, binding to mannoproteins and molecular docking with the ALS3 protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221-1227
Author(s):  
Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá ◽  
Cecília Rocha da Silva ◽  
João Batista de Andrade Neto ◽  
Francisca Bruna Stefany Aires do Nascimento ◽  
Fátima Daiana Dias Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Adhesive Protein ◽  
Fungal Adhesion ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant

This study evaluated the effect of etomidate against biofilms of Candida spp. and analysed through molecular docking the interaction of this drug with ALS3, an important protein for fungal adhesion. Three fluconazole-resistant fungi were used: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis. Growing biofilms were exposed to etomidate at 31.25–500 µg ml−1. Then, an ALS3 adhesive protein from C. albicans was analysed through a molecular mapping technique, composed of a sequence of algorithms to perform molecular mapping simulation based on classic force field theory. Etomidate showed antifungal activity against growing biofilms of resistant C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis at all concentrations used in the study. The etomidate coupling analysis revealed three interactions with the residues of interest compared to hepta-threonine, which remained at the ALS3 site. In addition, etomidate decreased the expression of mannoproteins on the surface of C. albicans. These results revealed that etomidate inhibited the growth of biofilms.

scholarly journals Identificación y susceptibilidad de Candida spp. en el área ginecológica

Revista Vive ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Julia María Orellana Quito ◽  
Karla Estefanía Pacheco Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Spp

La candidiasis es una infección causada por la acción patógena de Candida spp., catalogada como la segunda causa a nivel mundial de infección vaginal en mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 45 años. Siendo Candida albicans la más prevalente con distribución global. Uno de los problemas de importancia clínica es la resistencia a los antifúngicos debido al uso irracional de los mismos como terapia empírica y profilaxis. Objetivo. Caracterizar la infección por Candida spp., según: perfiles de susceptibilidad y frecuencias de candidiasis vulvo - vaginal relacionada con el balance de contenido vaginal. Así como, la presencia de coinfecciones en mujeres de edad fértil en las ciudades Cuenca - Azogues, que asisten a consulta en el Hospital Monte Sinaí, periodo enero - noviembre de 2020. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, documental de corte transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 136 aislados clínicos, se utilizó un muestreo por cobertura total. Resultados. El grupo etario que prevaleció fue de 19 – 39 años. Candida albicans fue la más prevalente en muestras de secreción vaginal con 92.6 %, seguido de Candida glabrata 6.6 % y Candida parapsilosis con 0.7 %. Las tasas de resistencia se diferenciaron en Miconazol con 19.9 %, Itraconazol 16.9 %, y Fluconazol 14%. Conclusiones. El agente etiológico causal de candidiasis vulvo – vaginal fue Candida albicans. La interpretación del balance de contenido vaginal y perfiles de susceptibilidad, son herramientas clave para el óptimo tratamiento de la paciente con infecciones vaginales, evitando la automedicación y la farmacorresistencia.

scholarly journals Boswellia serrata Extract as an Antibiofilm Agent against Candida spp.

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Petr Jaroš ◽  
Maria Vrublevskaya ◽  
Kristýna Lokočová ◽  
Jana Michailidu ◽  
Irena Kolouchová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Boswellic Acid ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Boswellia Serrata

The use of antibiotics or antifungals to control infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms is currently insufficiently effective because of their emerging resistance. Thanks to the ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm and thus increase their resistance to administered drugs even more, modern medicine faces the task of finding novel substances to combat infections caused by them. In this regard, the effects of essential oils or plant extracts are often studied. Among the relatively neglected plants is Boswellia serrata, which has a high content of biologically active boswellic acids. In this study, we focused on one of the most common nosocomial infections, which are caused by Candida species. The most common representative is C. albicans, although the number of infections caused by non-albicans species has recently been increasing. We focused on the antifungal activity of Boswellia serrata extract Bioswellix against planktonic and adhering cells of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei. The antifungal activity against adhering cells was further explored by determining the metabolic activity of cells (MTT) and determining the total amount of biofilm using crystal violet. Boswellic acid-containing plant extract was shown to suppress the growth of a suspension population of all tested Candida species. Boswellia serrata extract Bioswellix was most effective in inhibiting C. albicans biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Role of Candida glabrata as nosocomial pathogen and its susceptibility to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Caspofungin, Micafungin and Amphotericin B

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2001-2008
Author(s):  
Teeba Hashim Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen Hashim Risan ◽  
Mohammed Kadhom ◽  
Emad Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Weak Minimum ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chromogenic Agar

Candida has different types that could cause bloodstream infections. A total number of 150 samples were collected from candidemia patients and examined. The Candida spp. Species isolated from blood samples were analysed. These were identified by culturing the species using different media, namely the chromogenic agar test. Then, the virulence factors of all samples were tested. The Candida glabrata isolates were tested with six commercial antifungal drugs. C. glabrata 67 (44.6%), C. albicans 34 (22.6%), C. krusei 18 (12%), C. tropicalis 17 (11.3%), and C. parasilosis 14 (9.3%). the production of phospholipase ranged between 0.63-0.99 mm. It was found that 96% of the species showed phospholipase activity in aerobic conditions. The protease activities of Candida spp. Isolates were experimentally tested by area of inhibition around the colonies, where 59.3% had the double (++) protease activity, 31.4% with (+) grade, and 9.3% had (–) grade or clear zone around the colony. The hemolytic capacity ranged from 0.69-0.89 in the optimum aerobic environments. Finally, 38.33% of the isolated Candida spp. were positive and 61.67% negative for biofilm formation. Out of the total positive Candida spp. for biofilm formation, 21.73% were strong biofilm producers, and 78.27% were weak. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Fluconazole for C. glabrata isolates was not appropriate (NA) due to the occurrence of low inhibition tested for species. Micafungin exhibited the lowest fungicidal activity against C. glabrata ranging from 0.03 - 0.125, while Fluconazole showed the highest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document