scholarly journals Mineral Analysis, In Vitro Evaluation of Alpha-Amylase, Alpha-Glucosidase, and Beta-Galactosidase Inhibition, and Antibacterial Activities of Juglans regia L. Bark Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Boulfia ◽  
Fatima Lamchouri ◽  
Hamid Toufik
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

In traditional medicine, various parts of the plant Juglans regia L. are used to treat several pathological conditions including diabetes and infectious and periodontal diseases. This includes the bark of Juglans regia. The present study is aimed at evaluating for the first time the mineral composition, investigating the antidiabetic and antibacterial properties of Moroccan J. regia bark, and finally determining the correlations between the chemical composition of the tested extracts and their biological activities. The mineral composition was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Then, nine extracts were prepared by different methods and modalities of extractions and investigated for their antidiabetic activities, via tests of inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-galactosidase enzymes, and for their antibacterial activities against six strains involved in infectious diseases and periodontology. Finally, the correlation between the chemical compositions of the different extracts prepared and their antidiabetic and antibacterial potencies was determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). J. regia is an important source of mineral elements, mainly Fe (19849.8), K (3487.8), Mg (2631.03), and P (691.02) mg/kg plant material. All the extracts of J. regia possess antidiabetic activity, and in particular, the macerated acetone extract gave the highest inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase ( I C 50 value of 5445.33 ± 82.58   μ g / mL ), alpha-glucosidase ( I C 50 value of 323.7 ± 1.71   μ g / mL ), and beta-galactosidase ( I C 50 value of 811.2 ± 8.32   μ g / mL ). For the results of antibacterial activity, the macerated acetone extract at the concentration of 80 mg/mL was found to be the most active by inducing inhibition diameters of 12, 17, 18, 11, 14.5, and 16 mm against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Listeria innocua, respectively. PCA allowed us to deduce that the extracts richer in polyphenols, in particular, the two acetone and ethanol macerates, have a better antidiabetic activity against alpha-glucosidase as well as a better antibacterial activity. The results of the present study revealed that the aqueous and organic macerate extracts showed a better antidiabetic activity and justified the use of J. regia bark as an antibacterial and antiseptic agent in traditional Moroccan medicine in the treatment of dental affections.

scholarly journals Assessment of In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential of Purified Anthocyanin Extract from Floral Petals of Wild Balsam Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
R ARATHY ◽  
K MURUGAN ◽  
KV DINESH BABU ◽  
GS MANOJ
Keyword(s):  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Diabetes is a notorious and growing clinical and public health issue. The International Diabetes Federation assumes that 592 million had diabetes by 2035 and that by 2040 the number will increase to 642 million. Cardiovascular corollary accounts for four million deaths annually attributable to diabetes. Evidence reveals that certain glucose-lowering phytochemicals can improve vascular outcomes with type 2 diabetes, which, together with better understanding of using multiple therapies concurrently, offers opportunities for beneficial personalization of medication regimens. Anthocyanins are coloured pigments and are natural antioxidants. Keeping this in focus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity in the petals of wild Impatiens balsamina L. The anthocyanin was extracted from floral petals of wild balsam species and purified to homogeneity using chromatographic techniques. Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic properties of anthocyanin extract revealed a dose-dependent increase in the inhibitory effect on the alpha-glucosidase (200 μg/ml) and alpha-amylase enzymes (500 μg/ml) and was comparable with the standard acarbose drug (189 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml). These results indicated that anthocyanin could be used as a source of functional food and nutraceuticals. This information from wild species will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics. Future studies are planned to substantiate the antidiabetic power of anthocyanin using in vivo animal models. Keywords: Alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase, diabetes, herbal remedies, Impatiens balsamina L.

scholarly journals In vitro Inhibition of Alpha Amylase and Glucosidase of Digestive Snail Juice by Crude Extracts of Cashew Cakes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gninfanni Silvère Ouattara ◽  
Doudjo Soro ◽  
Tia Jean Gonnety ◽  
Kouadio Ernest Koffi
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

The goal of this work was to study the effect of some solvents as extractants of total polyphenols from cashew cakes and test the ability of the extract with highest level of polyphenols to inhibit alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase from snail (Achatina ventricosa) digestif tract. For this purpose, water, water-methanol (50:50 v/v), water-ethanol (50:50 v/v) and water-acetone (55:45 v/v) were used as solvents. Extract with highest level of polyphenols was obtained using water-acetone (55:45 v/v). The average total phenols content varied respectively from 9179.89 ± 0.154 mg GAE / 100 g for the water-acetone extract to 55439.02 ± 0.117 mg GAE/100 g for the aqueous extract. The average flavonoid content ranged from 370.86 ± 0.015 to 200.88 ± 0.001 mg/100 g and that of condensed tannins ranged from 1852.09 ± 0.023 to 857.45 ± 0.050 mg/100 g. The in vitro inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes of the snail digestive tract allowed to determine the concentration of the extract that inhibits 50% of the enzymes (IC50). The IC50 of alpha-amylase was 0.24 mg / ml and that of alpha glucosidase was 1.44 mg / ml. The results showed that cashew apple residue is a natural source that has potential application in the management of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY, ALPHA-AMYLASE AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF PASTINACA SATIVA EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Nagaraju J ◽  
Rajasekhar reddy Alavala ◽  
Subhakar Raju R ◽  
Koteswara Rao GSN ◽  
D S N B K Prasanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Pastinaca Sativa ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Unripe and Ripe Fruit Extracts of Siraitia grosvenorii and the Possible Mechanism of Action

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Xiangli Xu ◽  
Fenglai Lu ◽  
Ziming Yang ◽  
Xiaojie Yan ◽  
Theophine Akunne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Siraitia Grosvenorii ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Aims: The ripe fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey (Cucurbitaceae) is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treatment of diabetes. The ripe fruit is very edible, nutritious and of high sweet taste, while the unripe fruit which is usually very bitter and not edible, has not been widely studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the unripe fruit of S. grosvenorii and to compare it with that of the ripe fruit as well as to determine their possible mechanism of action. Methodology: The method of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic animal model in mice was employed and mice with blood glucose greater than 9.0 mmol/l were selected for treatment with unripe fruit extract (UFE) and ripe fruit extract (RFE) for 24 days. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha amylase enzymes inhibitory assays for determination of possible mechanism of action, were performed. Results: The RFE exhibited better efficacy in antidiabetic activity than the UFE, though the later displayed better potency in activity. The RFE, UFE (300 mg/kg) and glibenclamide exhibited significant (P<0.05) percentage blood glucose reduction (PBGR) of 67.04, 60.69 and 62.88%, respectively, in diabetic mice. Alpha glucosidase assay showed median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 7.60 and 6.62 mg/ml for RFE and UFE, respectively, while the alpha amylase inhibitory assay exhibited percentage inhibition of 84.78 and 95.10% for RFE and UFE (25 mg/ml), respectively. Conclusion: The ripe and unripe extracts of S. grosvenorii exhibited antidiabetic activities, and RFE proved a better efficacious activity than UFE, which showed more potent activity. In addition, the antidiabetic activity is likely being mediated through alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase enzymes inhibition.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY, ALPHA-AMYLASE AND ALPHA- GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF PASTINACA SATIVA EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Nagaraju J ◽  
Rajasekhar A ◽  
Subhakar Raju R ◽  
Koteswara Rao GSN ◽  
Prasanth DSNBK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Pastinaca Sativa ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Zingiber Species from Vietnam: Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Le Thi Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Chung ◽  
Trinh Thi Huong ◽  
Ly Ngoc Sam ◽  
Nguyen Huy Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Larvicidal Activities ◽  
Selection Of

Mosquito-borne diseases are a large problem in Vietnam as elsewhere. Due to environmental concerns regarding the use of synthetic insecticides as well as developing insecticidal resistance, there is a need for environmentally-benign alternative mosquito control agents. In addition, resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics is an increasing problem. As part of a program to identify essential oils as alternative larvicidal and antimicrobial agents, the leaf, stem, and rhizome essential oils of several Zingiber species, obtained from wild-growing specimens in northern Vietnam, were acquired by hydrodistillation and investigated using gas chromatography. The mosquito larvicidal activities of the essential oils were assessed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti, and for antibacterial activity against a selection of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and for activity against Candida albicans. Zingiber essential oils rich in α-pinene and β-pinene showed the best larvicidal activity. Zingiber nudicarpum rhizome essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2, 8, and 1 μg/mL, respectively. However, the major components, α-pinene and β-pinene, cannot explain the antibacterial activities obtained.

scholarly journals In Vitro Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Withania frutescens L. Foliar Extract

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Imane Es-safi ◽  
Abdelhadi Louba ◽  
Ali S. Alqahtani ◽  
Fahd A. Nasr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Withania frutescens L. is a wild perennial woody plant used by the local population for diverse therapeutic purposes. This work aims to study for the first time the potential inhibitory effect of this plant hydroethanolic extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities using in vitro methods and its antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities using alloxan-induced diabetic mice as a model for experimental diabetes. Two doses were selected for the in vivo study (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide, a well-known antidiabetic drug (positive control) in a subacute study (28 days) where the antihyperglycemic activity was also assessed over a period of 12 h on diabetic mice. The continuous treatment of diabetic mice with the extract of Withania frutescens for 4 weeks succeeded to slowly manage their high fasting blood glucose levels (after two weeks), while the antihyperglycemic test result revealed that the extract of this plant did not control hyperglycemia in the short term. No toxicity signs or death were noted for the groups treated with the plant extract, and it shows a protective effect on the liver and kidney. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase might be one of the mechanisms of action exhibited by the extract of this plant to control and prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. This work indicates that W. frutescens have an important long term antidiabetic effect that can be well established to treat diabetes.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Antibacterial Activities of Spineless Cactus Pear Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Mologadi B. Mabotja ◽  
Sonja L. Venter ◽  
Christian P. Du Plooy ◽  
Tukayi Kudanga ◽  
Stephen O. Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Variation in cultivars can influence plant biological activities. This study aimed to identify superior cultivars while determining the variability in the phytochemical content, antioxidant, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antibacterial activities of cladode extracts from selected spineless Burbank cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia robusta) cultivars. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene linoleic acid assays. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition was determined using a spectrophotometric method and antibacterial activity using a non-polar (petroleum ether) and polar (50% methanol) extracts against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. Significant variation in phytochemical content, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities was observed amongst the cultivars. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity varied widely with IC50 values ranging from 0.06 to 1.85 mg/mL. Radical scavenging activity of Polypoly cultivar was about seven fold higher than that recorded in other cultivars with low activity. Turpin and Berg x Mexican cultivars had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, whilst the non-polar extract of Turpin also exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Sicilian Indian Fig was amongst the cultivars with a higher antioxidant activity, whilst also showing a strong inhibition against B. subtilis and E. coli. Polypoly cultivar demonstrated strong antioxidant and antidiabetic activities while its polar extract showed the highest total antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. The cultivar Malta was superior in terms of its antibacterial potency and efficacy against B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The potential of using spineless cactus pear cladodes as a functional food with antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial properties against pathogenic food spoilage bacteria in place of synthetic compounds was established. The significance of cultivar selection to increase this potential was highlighted.

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