scholarly journals Dietary Practice among Type 2 Diabetic Ppatients in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kidus Temesgen Worsa ◽  
Beakal Zinab ◽  
Melese Sinaga Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dietary Practice ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background. Diabetic patients’ dietary practice is critical to improve glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure control. However, a significant number of patients had poor dietary practice. In Ethiopia, more than half of diabetic patients were not practicing a healthy dietary approach. Therefore, this study assessed variables that were hardly addressed in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess dietary practice and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was performed among patients with type 2 diabetes in Arba Minch General Hospital from April 21 to May 20, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 352 patients. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed. All variables in bivariate analysis with p -value <0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model, and statistical significance was declared at a p -value of less than 0.05. Results. The prevalence of poor dietary practice was found to be 40.6% (95%CI (35.7–46.0)). After adjusting for other variables in multivariable analysis, not attending formal education (AOR = 3.0; 95%CI (1.6–5.5)), being at primary education level (AOR = 2.2; 95%CI (1.1–4.4)), being moderately food insecure (AOR = 5.3; 95%CI (2.8–9.9)), having depression (AOR = 5.9; 95%CI (3.0–11.4)), and not having nutrition education (AOR = 2.2; 95% (1.1–4.6)) were factors associated with poor dietary practice. Conclusions. A significant proportion of patients had poor dietary practice. The poor dietary practice was significantly higher among those with no formal education, at the primary education level, from the moderately food-insecure household, having depression, and not having nutrition education. The results imply the need for strengthening health information dissemination concerning healthy dietary practice in the form of a package.

scholarly journals Comparison of Effectiveness between DPP4 inhibitors combined with Versus Other Oral Hypoglycaemic Agent(s) in Diabetic patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Md Shameem Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Dpp4 Inhibitor ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Inhibitor Combination

Background: Diabetes is global health burden of disease that requires life-long pharmacological and non-pharmacological management to prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Treatment of type 2 diabetes is based on an interplay of patient characteristics, severity of hyperglycemia and available therapeutic options. Metformin, sulfonylureas (SU) and DPP IV inhibitor are the most studied of the oral medications used worldwide. They play a prominent initial role in the type 2 diabetes treatment algorithm recommended by the several guideline. The growing evidence on new technologies and therapeutic interventions is rapidly expanding our knowledge and ability to manage diabetes and its complications; at the same time, however, it is challenge for physicians to select appropriate medication in appropriate dose for optimal patients care. Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors combination with other oral hypoglycaemic agent(s) in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control. Materials & method: Study was conducted among 600 patients over a period of 24 months. All the patients were adult male and female type 2 diabetic patients who received regular oral anti-diabetic drug(s) and duration of T2DM for one year or more were enrolled for study. Total 150 cases were selected. Patients with Type 1 DM, pregnant women with DM and who was receiving injectable antidiabetic medications were excluded from this study. Detail demographic data were collected from the informant and recorded in structured case report form. Clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Main outcome variable was Glycemic status (HbA1C, FBG, 2HABF). Effectiveness of drugs was evaluated by glycaemic status of the patients. Result: Maximum number of patients (38.5%) was between 31-40 years age group with mean age 37.8±9.5 years. Present study shows that, for good glycemic control, all three results (FBS, 2H ABF and HbA1c) were within targeted level in majority patients of DPP4 Inhibitor combination group. Although FBS was best result in metformin group. About 51.9% of SUs group achieved the glycemic control targets level. In case of metformin group it was in 59.8% of patients, and in combined therapy 67.1% patients shows good glycemic target. So DPP4 Inhibitor combination is better medication than other to maintain good glycemic status in type 2 DM patient, due to maximum number of patients reached all three components of result within target range. Conclusion: Diabetes is chronic illness. Good glycemic control with choosing appropriate anti-diabetic medication is pivotal for DM management. In this study it is observed that DPP4 Inhibitor combination group of drug is better than other anti-diabetic medication to maintain good glycemic status in type 2 DM patients. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2019; 30(2) : 63-70

scholarly journals SUN-LB110 The Nutrition Education Using a Health Care Application With Artificial Intelligence in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Higashitani ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kometani ◽  
Rie Oka ◽  
Yuko Gondo ◽  
Akihiro Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diet Control

Abstract Background: Diet control is the basis of the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the education and practice of diet control for the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need a lot of manpower and time. In 2009, we have developed a telemedicine model that nutritionists analyze photos of T2DM patients’ meal and supervise them remotely. Our system resulted in the improvement of glycemic control of T2DM patients. Recently, the image analysis technology using the artificial intelligence (AI) progresses rapidly. The smart device application “Asken” has an AI-powered photo analysis system which analyzes the photo of the entire meal and identifies the frame of each item as well as its menu and serving amount. In addition, this application delivers individualized dietary messages and feedbacks. Case reports: We report two T2DM cases who conducted nutrient intervention by this application. One case was a 72-year-old man whose HbA1c decreased from 7.2% to 6.6% and weighed from 58.7kg to 57.5kg in 4 months. However, his total cholesterol increased from 119mg/dl to 200mg/dl, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) also increased from 47mg/dl to 106mg/dl. Another case is a 60-year-old man whose HbA1c improved from 7.0% to 6.6% and his weight decreased from 78.0kg to 76.0kg in 3 months. Total cholesterol was 140mg/dl to 128mg/dl, and LDL-cholesterol was from 65mg/dl to 54mg/dl. Conclusion: Using this application might be useful for diet control of T2DM patients. The effects of AI-supported nutrient intervention using application like this should be further clarified in the large number of patients.

scholarly journals Medical care standards for diabetes in the hospital: evolution of views from glycemic control to metabolic surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
A.B. Fursov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Fursov ◽  
O.B. Ospanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Metabolic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Surgical Methods

A large number of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a high incidence of complications and disease decompensation, which becomes the reason for therapy inefficacy. In recent years, endocrinologists and diabetologists are increasingly paying attention to surgical methods for treating T2D. The review attempts to study and systematize new trends in the treatment of T2D, as well as to determine the historical vector of changes in diabetologist views on the control, stabilization of the glycemic level in diabetic patients, and surgical methods.A retrospective study of scientific approaches to the treatment of diabetes confirmed the opinion of some researchers that the evolution of treatment methods commonly consisted of improving control and means of insulin delivery to the body. The analysis of scientific papers that confirm that detection of glycemic disorders among those admitted to the surgical hospital has a direct and immediate benefit both in a planned and urgent order. The growth of economic costs associated with insufficient glycemic control in diabetic patients was studied. Over the past decades, medical care standards for diabetes are analyzed in chronological order. Using the American Diabetes Association Guidelines, new trends in the treatment of T2D have been developed, and a stable vector in changing views on the efficacy of surgical bariatric and metabolic methods has been identified.KEYWORDS: medical care standards, type 2 diabetes, glycemia, evolution of diabetes mellitus treatment, economic costs, guidelines, metabolic surgery, endoscopic methods.FOR CITATION: Fursov A.B., Fursov R.A., Ospanov O.B. Medical care standards for diabetes in the hospital: evolution of views from glycemic control to metabolic surgery. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):340–346. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-340-346.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition education on dietary diversity score of type 2 diabetes patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mutagwanya ◽  
Christine Magala Nyago ◽  
Fredrick Nelson Nakwagala
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: Consumption of a varied diet reduces the risk of developing a deficiency or excess of any one nutrient. One of the three corner stones of diabetes management is diet and therefore, dietary diversity is key among diabetes patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the impact of nutrition education on the dietary diversity scores (DDS) among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Kant et al method was used for scoring dietary diversity. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 21). Pair sample t-test was used to compare total DDS after and before nutrition education. P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Subjects: One hundred type 2 diabetic patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups of intervention and control (50 patients in each group) to participate in the study. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire before and after intervention every after one month for a period of four months of intervention.Results: The average age of patients who participated in the study was 48 (40–51) years. Most of the patients were females (65.39%), compared to males (34.01%). At the end of the study period of four months, DDS in the control group decreased from 40.08% to 38.49% (p=0.064) while in the intervention group, DDS increased from 35.30 % to 54.20% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dietary diversity increased after nutrition education among type 2 diabetes patients.Trial registration: The study was registered and approved on 17th April 2013 by the Research and Ethics committee of Mulago Hospital and Institutional Review Board of Mulago hospital (Protocol MREC 113).

scholarly journals Prevalence of the Effects of Anxiety and Depression on People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis of Health Policy Studies in Improving the Quality of Life of Poor Families in the Urban Areas of West Lombok, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1010
Author(s):  
Chairun Nasirin ◽  
Andries Lionardo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Government

Background: To explore the tendency of the effects of anxiety and depression that occur in type 2 diabetes patients, especially poor patients who live in the urban areas with poor economic conditions, who do not have health access from the government, and live away from the hospitals. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study which aimed to determine the number of patients who experienced anxiety and depression problems due to the declining health conditions caused by diabetes. A sample size of 98 diabetics experiencing anxiety and depression when the treatment was carried out was included. The study design included a qualitative study with in-depth interviews with respondents who were at risk of diabetes, as well as to determine the level of anxiety and depression that occurred when medical care was provided and the feelings experienced by the respondents after the completion of treatment. Results: Diabetic patients are generally unaware that their illness is a chronic disease that takes a long time to treat. When the patients are sick, most of them do not immediately go to the hospital or a specialist to get their health examination and treatment, because the hospital is far from the patients’ residence. Furthermore, some patients still use traditional medicine and non-medical treatment, so when the patients with critical conditions are taken to the hospital, they already have chronic diabetes. Conclusions: The lack of access to health for chronic patients with poor economic conditions who live far from the hospitals and the scarcity of medical staff to carry out treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes for poor patients in urban areas certainly have an impact on increasing the number of patients with chronic diseases. Therefore, the government is expected to be able to provide easy health policies to remote rural communities in order to achieve optimal community welfare and health.

scholarly journals Changes and Risk Factors of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes over 60 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Liming Hou ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Cong Huo ◽  
Xin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Objective. The accelerate loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, named sarcopenia, is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder, and it is always associated with increased outcomes including falls, frailty, and disability. Diabetes mellitus is associated with significant muscle and physical complications. We aimed at clarifying the changes and risk factors of skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly with type 2 diabetes. Methods. The study consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes ( n = 120 ) and an older general population ( n = 126 ). The skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength, as well as the serum levels of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, homocysteine, and insulin-like factor-1 were assessed, and the correlation and regression analysis were conducted to evaluate outcomes. Results. T2DM patients exhibited lower muscle strength compared with the non-T2DM subjects ( P < 0.01 ). Among T2DM patients, serum IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with muscle strength ( r = 0.255 , P < 0.01 ) and muscle mass ( r = 0.209 , P < 0.05 ), levels of 8-OHdG were inversely correlated with muscle strength ( r = − 0.252 , P < 0.01 ), and there was a negative association between HCY and muscle mass ( r = − 0.185 , P < 0.05 ). Muscle mass and strength of patients with higher education level were significantly higher than those with lower education level ( P < 0.05 ), in male patients, muscle mass and muscle strength were significantly lower in smokers ( P < 0.01 ), and muscle mass was lower in chronic drinkers ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. These findings suggest that diabetic patients may be more susceptible to sarcopenia at an older age. And it also provides evidences that among elderly with diabetes mellitus, oxidative damage and HCY as well as IGF-1 are important predictors of age-dependent sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics of Drug Response in Type 2 Diabetes: Toward the Definition of Tailored Therapies?

PPAR Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Pollastro ◽  
Carmela Ziviello ◽  
Valerio Costa ◽  
Alfredo Ciccodicola
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Drug Responsiveness

Type 2 diabetes is one of the major causes of mortality with rapidly increasing prevalence. Pharmacological treatment is the first recommended approach after failure in lifestyle changes. However, a significant number of patients shows—or develops along time and disease progression—drug resistance. In addition, not all type 2 diabetic patients have the same responsiveness to drug treatment. Despite the presence of nongenetic factors (hepatic, renal, and intestinal), most of such variability is due to genetic causes. Pharmacogenomics studies have described association between single nucleotide variations and drug resistance, even though there are still conflicting results. To date, the most reliable approach to investigate allelic variants is Next-Generation Sequencing that allows the simultaneous analysis, on a genome-wide scale, of nucleotide variants and gene expression. Here, we review the relationship between drug responsiveness and polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism (CYP2C9) and insulin signaling (ABCC8,KCNJ11, andPPARG). We also highlight the advancements in sequencing technologies that to date enable researchers to perform comprehensive pharmacogenomics studies. The identification of allelic variants associated with drug resistance will constitute a solid basis to establish tailored therapeutic approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associations of Hypothyroidism in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abilash Nair ◽  
C. Jayakumari ◽  
P. K. Jabbar ◽  
R. V. Jayakumar ◽  
Nishant Raizada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Both type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism are highly prevalent disorders in the community. The existing data regarding prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with diabetes comes mostly from small studies. There are only two studies with a sample size of more than 1000 diabetic patients, none of which have been done in South Asians. The present study evaluated patients with type 2 diabetes for presence of hypothyroidism and the clinical factors associated with it. The demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters of consecutively enrolled patients with diabetes were systematically collected and analyzed. A total of 1152 middle aged patients with type 2 diabetes with a mean duration of diabetes of around 10 years were enrolled. Nearly 40 percent of the patients were obese and overweight, respectively, for South Asian standards and abdominal obesity was seen in around 90% patients. Clinical hypothyroidism (TSH>10 mIU/ml) was present in 113 of patients (9.83%) and another 68 patients (5.9%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 5-10 mIU/ml). Anemia (odds ratio : 2.19), overweight/obese status (odds ratio 2.07), and known dyslipidemia (odds ratio : 1.99) were found to have independent association with clinical hypothyroidism. HbA1c, abdominal obesity, poor control of hypertension, lipid parameters, microalbuminuria, and renal dysfunction showed no difference among patients with hypothyroidism when compared with euthyroid patients. Subclinical hypothyroid patients had no difference in any of the above analyzed parameters when compared to the euthyroid patients. This study shows that a significant proportion of type 2 diabetes patients suffer from clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and screening for the same may be appropriate.

scholarly journals Assessment of electrocardiogram abnormality and associated factors among apparently healthy adult type 2 diabetic patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deriba A. Bedane ◽  
Samuel Tadesse ◽  
Moyeta Bariso ◽  
Wondu Reta ◽  
Gaddisa Desu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electrocardiographic Abnormality ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders causing long-term damage to the cardiovascular system which remains asymptomatic among diabetic patients. An electrocardiograph is a simple and first-line tool in the screening of cardiovascular diseases. Objective To assess electrocardiogram abnormality and associated factors among apparently healthy adult type 2 diabetes patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center, 2019. Materials and methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2019, at Jimma Medical Center among selected type 2 diabetes patients. Systematic random sampling was employed to select the study participants. The World Health Organization stepwise approach and interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires were employed to collect basic data. Resting Electrocardiography was done using a standard 12-lead electrocardiograph machine. The collected data were checked for completeness, coded, entered into the Epi-data Version 4.0.2. and exported to SPSS Version 21. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations were carried out. Binary and multiple logistic regression was done and a p value of less than 0.05 was used as a level of significance. Results A total of 344 type 2 diabetes patients were interviewed and underwent electrocardiography making a 100% response rate. Electrocardiographic abnormality was identified among 209 (61%) of the respondents. Not attending formal education [AOR = 3.07, 95%, CI = 1.37–6.87], solid oil use, [AOR = 1.79, 95%, CI = 1.07–2.98], body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 [AOR = 2.74, 95%, CI = 1.67–4.50] and long duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years [AOR = 3.36, 95%, CI = 1.46–7.71] were associated with electrocardiogram abnormality. Conclusions and recommendation In this study, the majority (3/5th) of the participant had electrocardiogram abnormality. Not attending formal education, longer duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years, solid oil use, and increased body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 were independent predictors of electrocardiographic abnormality. Integrating electrocardiogram screening in routine diabetic management can pick cardiac complications of diabetes.

scholarly journals Detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus - an interdisciplinary problem

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
E N Ostroukhova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Registry ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After

Diabetes morbidity exceeds the predicted level. The Russian diabetes registry contains the data on more than 3 million patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), but their actual number in the country is supposed to be several times greater. The main causes behind this increase are ageing of the general population and widespread obesity. The number of patients with DM2 is now so large that endocrinologists are unable to render medical assistance to all of them; therefore therapists and general practitioners have to take care of such patients. In order to improve the quality of therapeutic and prophylactic aids for the diabetic patients, the Endocrinological Research Centre of the Russian Ministry of Health supported by Novo Nordisk has developed the "Medical Ambitions" project . In the framework of this project, the education program was elaborated and implemented designed to enhance the awareness among therapists and general practitioners about modern approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present paper reports the results of analysis of the work of educational seminars carried out by the specialists of I.P. Pavlov Sank-Peterburg State Medical University. The work included lectures, interactive seminars, clinical case studies, and discussions. Special attention was given to the new groups of medications for the treatment of DM2. The effectiveness of these activities was estimated from questionnaires distributed among the participants before and after the seminars. The therapists showed great interest in the program, the level of their knowledge about up-to-date strategies of DM2 treatment appreciably increased.

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