scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Metal Adsorption Properties of Formaldehyde-Based Terpolymeric Resins Derived from Anthranilic Acid, Salicylic Acid, and Catechol

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. Arasaretnam ◽  
U. P. Dilshani Jayarathna

Two formaldehyde-based terpolymeric resins (anthranilic acid-catechol-formaldehyde (ACF) and salicylic acid-catechol-formaldehyde (SCF)) have been synthesized by condensing anthranilic acid with catechol and salicylic acid with catechol at 80 ± 5°C using dimethylformamide as a solvent. The resins were characterized by spectral analysis using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The physical-chemical properties of the resins have been studied. The exchange behavior of various metal ions, namely, Cd2+, Cr3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, towards the synthesized resins has been studied depending on contact time and pH. Chelating properties of two resins were pH dependent, and with an increase in pH value from 1 to 5, the exchange capacity of metal ions was increased. The increasing rate of ion-exchange capacity was greater in ACF than that in SCF. Cd2+ showed higher rate of exchange at different time intervals in both cases, ACF and SCF. Cr3+ had higher exchange capacity with pH variation in both resins.

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
T. G. RYASHCHENKO ◽  
N. N. UKHOVA ◽  
S. I. SHTELMAKH ◽  
N. I. BELYANINA ◽  
P. S. BELYANIN

The article considers the study results of composition, microstructure and physical-chemical properties of the quaternary clays of the Prikhankayskaya depression in district of the lake Khanka (Primorye) on the example of air-dry samples of geological borehole 45-b in the range of 18–62 m. The objective of research was to obtain new information about the properties of widespread clay sediments in this area using geologic-lithological materials and laboratory data. The schematic geologic-lithological column was composed with the selection of various zones in the quaternary clay sediments section and the border with sediments of the Neogene System. The methodological scheme of laboratory studies of clays was proposed. This scheme includes the determination of chemical and microelement composition, clay minerals, contents of carbonates, water-soluble salts, mobile forms of aluminum oxide, humus, as well as microstructural parameters (method «Microstructure») and some physical-chemical properties. Geochemical coefficients (Kz, CIA, CIW, ICV) determined the degree of chemical maturity of clays and confirmed the results of palynological studies reflecting the fluctuations of the climatic conditions of their formation. For the group of toxic microelements for the first time the special indicator (Zc) was calculated. Which was the criterion for a degree of pollution of the clay sediments section. Clay minerals of the quaternary clays are represented by smectite and hydromica. The clear change in the mineral association was found when passing to the Neogene sediments (kaolinite prevails). The method «Microstructure» revealed the aggregated type of clays microstructure, the domination of the particles of coarse dust fraction among the primary (free) particles and the almost complete absence of the particles of fine-grained sand fraction, the participation of various fractions in the composition of aggregates. The variants of the formation of certain types of aggregates (on sizes) in the fluviolacustrine «khankayskiy» clays are presented. Solid part density, water resistance (soaking time), sedimentation volume, plasticity, relative swelling (samples-pastes) were determined using standard methods for clays. By special methods, the cation exchange capacity was measured and the calculated values of the plasticity index were obtained from forecasting formulas using the yield limit. The proposed methodological scheme of complex laboratory studies of clay sediments can be recommended for problematic geologic-lithological and engineering-geological sections.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Nasef ◽  
H. Saidi ◽  
A. H. Yahaya

Crosslinked cation exchange membranes bearing sulfonic acid groups (PE-g-PSSA/DVB) were prepared by radiationinduced grafting of styrene/divinylbenzene (DVB) mixtures onto low density polyethylene (PE) films followed by sulfonation reactions. The effect of addition of DVB (2 and 4%) on the grafting behavior and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes such as ion exchange capacity, swelling and ionic conductivity were evaluated incorrelation with grafting yield (Y%). The structural and thermal properties of the membranes were also studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Crosslinking with DVB was found to considerably affect the properties of the membranes in a way that reduces the swelling properties and enhances the chemical stability. The ion conductivity of the crosslinked membranes recorded a level of 10–2 S/cm at sufficient grafting yield (28%) despite the reduction caused by the formation of crosslinking structure. The results of this work suggest that membranes prepared in this study are potential alternatives for various electrochemical applications.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
K Rakiba ◽  
Z Ferdoushi

Among different water quality parameters dissolved oxygen, transparency, pH, PO4-P and depth varied significantly among the sampling sites. The pH value in the present investigation remained a buffer condition (6.50- 7.90). Dissolved oxygen was ranges from 3.80 to 11.60 mg/l throughout the study periods. PO4-P concentration was observed highest (0.30 mg/l) in sampling site 2. On the basis of physical, chemical aspects sampling site 3 and sampling site 5 (situated in gosaipur and chandandoho) found in better condition in terms of limnological aspects. However, it could be concluded that Dhepa River will play important role in riverine fisheries and for further fisheries management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22041 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 59-67 2013


Author(s):  

Water factor plays an important role in formation of healthy environment for human beings. Due to unfavorable anthropogenic impact upon environment certain surface and groundwater water supply sources are contaminated with heavy metal compounds. Clints (siliceous rocks) are considered the most promising materials for the natural and waste waters treatment from such ingredients. The paper presents the results of the siliceous rocks’ physical/chemical and operational properties studying. It has been shown that these siliceous rocks satisfy all requirements to filtering materials. Methods of physical/chemical analysis were applied for studying the adsorption processes nature. It was for the first time stated (with methods of potentiometric titration and infra-red spectroscopy) that siliceous rocks included the fixed functional ion-exchange groups in their composition and were subacid cationits. Beside chemical adsorption heavy metal ions interact with siliceous rocks due to the action of their physical nature forces. Physical adsorption contributes the most in the heavy metal compounds up-taking by filtering materials, this is supported by the fact of low values of the process activation energy: from 3 to 8 kJ/gram-molecule. Parameters of the process of heavy metal ions adsorption with siliceous rocks in static and dynamic conditions have been calculated in accordance with the experimental results. Influence of salt content and the liquid phase pH value on the adsorption process has been stated. Optimal conditions for the worked siliceous rocks regeneration have been determined. New data on heavy metals cations adsorption with nuclear filtering materials confirm principal possibility of their use for natural and waste waters treatment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (57) ◽  
pp. 510-525
Author(s):  
Henrique Amorim Machado ◽  
Cristiane Valéria Oliveira ◽  
Fabio Soares Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Resende Corrêa

No Brasil, a ocorrência de solos que possuem teores de Fe2O3 acima de 360 g kg-1, enquadrados como perférricos no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, ainda é pouco conhecida, restringindo os perfis coletados e classificados a dez diferentes materiais de origem. Para este trabalho foram selecionados 33 perfis de solos perférricos descritos em levantamentos da EMBRAPA, teses, dissertações e artigos publicados em periódicos. De modo geral, estes solos possuem grande quantidade de partículas agrupadas nas frações finas, com mais de 50% dos perfis enquadrados como argilosos ou franco-siltosos. Estes solos são ácidos, com valor médio de pH em H2O de 5,37, com uma média de balanço de cargas próximo à zero e com uma CTC altamente dependente da matéria orgânica. A distrofia é uma característica comum, sendo o resultado tanto de um intenso intemperismo ou mesmo de solos que se originam de rochas já muito pobres em bases solúveis. Em relação à química da argila obtida pelo ataque sulfúrico, os solos são pobres em sílica e moderadamente pobres em alumínio. Os solos perférricos, independente do seu material de origem, tendem a uma homogeneização física e química de seus atributos. O controle litológico se expressa principalmente nos solos desenvolvidos de itabiritos, jaspilitos e couraças ferruginosas. Nestas rochas, ainda que a pedogênese seja incipiente, os solos já são perférricos. Nos demais litotipos, como basalto, gabro e tufitos, o caráter perférrico está associado à atuação do intemperismo ao longo do tempo, onde ocorre a lixiviação das bases e sílica e enriquecimento relativo em ferro.Palavras–chave: gênese de solos, classificação de solos, pedogeomorfologia.   AbstractIn Brazil, the occurrence of soils with Fe2O3 levels above 360 g kg-1, classified as perferric in the Brazilian Soil Classification System, is still little known, restricting the profiles collected and classified to ten different parent materials. For this study, 33 profiles of the perferric soils described in EMBRAPA surveys, theses, dissertations and articles published in reviews were selected. In general, these soils have a large number of particles grouped in the fine fractions, with more than 50% of the profiles framed as clay or silt-loam. These soils are acidic, with an average pH value in H2O of 5.37, with an average balance of loads near zero and with a CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) highly dependent on organic matter. The dystrophy is a common characteristic, being the result of either an intense weathering or even of soils that originate from already poor rocks in soluble bases.Regarding the chemistry of the clay obtained by the sulfuric attack, the soils are deficient in silica and moderately poor in aluminium. Perferric soils, independent of their parent material, tend to physical and chemical homogenization of their attributes. The lithological control is expressed mainly in developed soils of itabirite, jaspilites and ferruginous duricrusts. In these rocks, although the pedogenesis is incipient, the soils are already perferric. In the other lithotypes, such as basalt, gabbro and tuffs, the perferric character is associated with the weathering action over time, where leaching of the bases and silica and relative enrichment in iron occurs.Keywords: soil genesis, soil classification, soil-geomorphology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Maria del Carmen Aliques Tomas ◽  
Jonas Garemark ◽  
Xia Sheng ◽  
Lars Berglund ◽  
...  

Olive stone is an important biomaterial waste product generated in large amount. As a lignocellulose material, olive stone could be a sustainable resource for biosorbents. In this work, olive stone powder delignification using sodium chlorite (NaClO2) was performed to enhance metal ion adsorption capacity. The influence of the treatment on olive stone powder physical-chemical properties was studied, including specific surface area, surface chemistry, morphology, etc. The white, delignified olive stone powder was applied for metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) adsorption. Olive stone delignification not only increases the accessibility of the olive stone powder but also broadens the applications to materials design with optical functions by the generation of a white powder.


2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Xing Xia Lu ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Jing Hui Yang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Jun Xuan Huang

In order to discuss improving effect of ecological forest on heavy saline-alkali soil and to provide reference for biological improvement of saline-alkali soil, the soil chemical properties (pH, salt content, organic matter, available potassium and cation exchange capacity) of 20cm-depth in four different stages of growth on pure forest of Fraxinus velutina planted on heavy saline-alkali soil were studied. The results showed that pH value of forest soil in other stages of growth except defoliating stage was lower than that of CK, pH value in flowering stage decreased by 0.77 unit, and the decrease was the largest. The organic matter obviously increased in four different stages of growth, but the best effect of soil organic matter improvement was defoliating stage. During defoliating stage in mid-October, salt content of forest soil was 1/2 of CK, and cation exchange capacity was three point two nine times of CK. The available potassium of forest soil obviously increased in flowering stage and peak leafing stage. All in all, there was greater effect for the soil chemical properties of 20cm-depth in different growth stages of pure forest of Fraxinus velutina, so when salt-tolerance plant was used to improve saline-alkali soil, we should use scientific measure to cultivation and management in consideration of requirement of different growth stages of forest for soil water and soil nutrient in order to consolidate the improving achievements and to accelerate the improving process.


2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Bhavna Shah ◽  
Ajay Shah ◽  
Nayan Patel ◽  
Pathik Shah

Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of chelating resin containing orcinol A chelating resin based on Salicylic acid-Formaldehyde copolymer, containing Orcinol (SFO), has been synthesized and characterized on the basis of Elemental Analysis, Particle Size Distribution, FT-IR Analysis, XRD, SEM and Optical Photographs. The Physico-Chemical properties have been studied. This resin is highly stable in acidic and alkaline solutions and has been studied as a chelating sorbent for heavy metal ions and transition metal ions. The Exchange capacity order is Ni(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II). The effect of nature and concentration of different electrolytes on distribution coefficient (Kd) for metal ions have been investigated. Separation of synthetic mixtures containing Cu(II)-Pb(II), Ni(II)-Cd(II) and Brass constituents has been carried out using a column prepared from the synthesized chelating resin. The developed procedure was also tested for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from natural water of Purna River near by Navsari, Gujarat, India.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wein-Duo Yang ◽  
Chau Thanh Nam ◽  
Jen-Chien Chung ◽  
Hsin-Ya Huang

The modification of peroxotitanate using hydrogen peroxide significantly improved the ion-exchange capacity of titanate materials as sorbents for metal ions contained in a radioactive waste simulant solution. The effects of hydrogen peroxide content (hydrogen peroxide/titanium isopropoxide molar ratios, hereafter expressed as H/T) on the properties of as-prepared titanate synthesized at 130°C and at pH of 6-7, followed by freeze-drying, were investigated. The peroxotitanate materials thus obtained were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP, and Raman spectroscopy. At an H/T ratio of 2, peroxotitanate predominantly exhibited an amorphous structure, with a clearly observed tubular or fibrous structure. Furthermore, peroxotitanate modified at an H/T ratio of 2 exhibited the best ion-exchange capacity of 191 mg g−1 for metal ions contained in a radioactive waste simulant solution. Hence, these peroxotitanate materials are suitable for removing metal ions from wastewater, especially lanthanide ions (Ln3+) and Sr2+.


2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
E E Tantama ◽  
M A Kumara ◽  
D P E Putra ◽  
G I Marliyani

Abstract The people in the Randublatung basin (Grobogan, Blora, and Bojonegoro Regencies) using groundwater for daily needs and agriculture activity. As the initial step of basin-based groundwater management, it is necessary to understand the groundwater potential in this area: pattern and direction of groundwater flow and groundwater physical-chemical properties (pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity). This research aims to analyze the pattern and directions of groundwater flow, the physical-chemical properties, and the correlation between the two. This research method is field measurement of 45 different spots of dug wells in the Randublatung basin. Our results indicate that the pattern and direction of groundwater flow in the Randublatung basin are heading to Bengawan Solo River and then following the river’s flow. The groundwater physical-chemical properties measured: pH value is 6.8 on average, the temperature is 28.9 °C on average, TDS concentration is 409 mg/L average, and electrical conductivity rate is 843 μS/cm average. There is no significant correlation between groundwater flow with pH value and groundwater temperature. However, groundwater TDS concentration and electrical conductivity rate in the Randublatung basin increase as groundwater flows to the Bengawan Solo River, which is affected by the minerals of aquifer rocks (alluvial deposits).


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