scholarly journals In Vitro Acaricidal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used against Ticks in Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelalu Kemal ◽  
Tesfaheywet Zerihun ◽  
Sisay Alemu ◽  
Kedir Sali ◽  
Musa Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rhipicephalus Pulchellus

A study was carried out to evaluate the acaricidal activities of crude methanolic extract of leaves of six medicinal plants, namely, Vernonia amygdalina, Calpurnia aurea, Schinus molle, Ricinus communis, Croton macrostachyus, and Nicotiana tabacum, against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and Rhipicephalus pulchellus using an in vitro adult immersion test. Five graded concentrations of the crude extracts, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml, were tested at different time intervals, and temporal changes in tick viability were recorded for 24 hours. Diazinon (0.1%) and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Standard procedures were applied to screen the phytochemical constituents of the tested plant parts. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of a condensed amount of tannins in all extracts. Starting from 30 min post exposure, the 100 mg/ml concentration of C. aurea and R. communis extracts has caused significantly higher mortality (P<0.05) compared to the diazinon. A significant increase in tick mortality started 2 hr post exposure with diazinon and 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations of S. molle. Vernonia amygdalina extract and diazinon showed a significant increase in tick mortality 3 hr post exposure with 100 mg/ml concentration. Similarly, a significant increase in tick mortality started 2 hr post exposure with diazinon and 100 mg/ml concentrations of C. macrostachyus and N. tabacum. At 24 hr post exposure, diazinon and 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations of all the extracts have caused significantly higher tick mortality than the rest of the concentrations (P<0.05). Higher concentrations of all the extracts had showed a comparable and strong acaricidal effect on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and Rhipicephalus pulchellus having no significant difference with that of the positive control (P>0.05) at 24 hr post exposure period. Tick killing activity of all evaluated plant extracts increases with increasing exposure time and concentration as well. Thus, all the tested plants could be used against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and Rhipicephalus pulchellus as a potential alternative to substitute commercially available drugs. We recommend further study on fractionating each component separately and validating the materials.

scholarly journals Use of herbal formulations for the treatment of circumcision wounds in Eastern and Southern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

Medicinal plants used to treat and manage circumcision wounds have remained an integral part of traditional practice in Eastern and Southern Africa. This study reviews the traditional usage of medicinal plants to treat and manage circumcision wounds in Eastern and Southern Africa. Drawing on data from Kenya, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania, information was collected from different sources including books, theses and electronic scientific search engines such as Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder and Google Scholar. A literature search was also undertaken focusing on medicinal plants used against circumcision wounds that demonstrated antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro studies. Twenty-eight medicinal plants from 15 families are recorded as traditional therapies for circumcision wounds following an extensive literature search. These species used to treat and manage circumcision wounds, and as dressing after circumcision to prevent serious inflammation are mainly (64.3%) members of Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae families. Three quarters (75.0%) of these species including Acalypha ornata, Achyranthes aspera, Asparagus africanus, Boophone disticha, Brunsvigia grandiflora, Burkea africana, Colophospermum mopane, Datura stramonium, Dichrostachys cinerea, Helichrysum appendiculatum, H. foetidum, H. longifolium, H. nudifolium, H. pedunculatum, Lippia javanica, Maesa lanceolata, Ptaeroxylon obliquum, Ricinus communis, Searsia natalensis, Triumfetta rhomboidea and Vachellia nilotica have shown antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects in a set of in vitro models. Further studies are needed such as isolation of phytochemical compounds, in vivo activities, clinical and toxicological studies.

Herbal Medicine for the Management of Laxative Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Muthu Thiruvengadam ◽  
Rida Zainab ◽  
Muhammad Daniyal ◽  
Marc Moboladji Bankole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Cassia Angustifolia

: Constipation is one of the most common and prevalent chronic gastrointestinal conditions across the globe that is treated or managed through various methods. Laxatives are used for the treatment or management of chronic/acute constipation. But due to the adverse effects associated with these laxatives, herbal foods should be considered as alternative therapies for constipation. In this review, the laxative potential of plant-based medicines used for constipation were discussed. Constipation may be caused by various factors such as lifestyle, particular food habits, pregnancy and even due to some medication. Chronic constipation is responsible for different health issues. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological paradigms are applied for the treatment or management of constipation. In the pharmacological way of treatment, medicinal plants have a key role, because of their fibrous nature. Numerous plants such as Prunus persica (Rosaceae), Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (Leguminosae), Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), Planta goovata (Plantaginaceae), Rheum emodi (Polygonaceae), Cassia auriculata (Caesalpinacea), Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), Croton tiglium (Euphorbiaceae), Aloe barbadensis (Liliaceae), Mareya micrantha (Euphorbiaceae), Euphorbia thymifolia (Euphorbiaceae), Cascara sagrada (Rhamnaceae), Cassia angustifolia (Fabaceae) have laxative activity. Medicinal plants possess a significant laxative potential and support their folklore therefore, further, well-designed clinical-based studies are required to prove and improve the efficacy of herbal medicine for constipation. The present review showed that herbs laxative effect in various in-vivo/ in-vitro models.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants in the Traditional Treatment of Skin and Wound Infections in Eastern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Mummed ◽  
Ashebr Abraha ◽  
Teka Feyera ◽  
Adugna Nigusse ◽  
Solomon Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis

Background. External infections involving the skin and wound are the most frequent complications affecting humans and animals. Medicinal plants play great roles in the treatment of skin and wound infections. This study was aimed to evaluate thein vitroantibacterial activity of crude methanolic extracts of nine medicinal plants.Methods. Agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to determine the antibacterial activity of nine Ethiopian plants against four bacterial species includingStaphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, andKlebsiella pneumoniae.Results. Among the tested plants, seven (Cissus quadrangularis,Commelina benghalensis,Euphorbia heterophylla,Euphorbia prostrate,Momordica schimperiana,Trianthemaspp., andSolanum incanum) were found to exhibit considerable antibacterial activity against at least one of the test bacteria. The extracts ofC. quadrangularis,E. heterophylla, andE. prostratahad a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities against test bacterial strains while the extracts ofGrewia villosaandSchinus molledid not show any inhibitory activity. Clinical isolate and laboratory strain of S.aureusshowed the highest susceptibility to highest concentration (780 mg/mL) ofE. prostratawith a zone of inhibition of 21.0mm and 22.3mm, respectively.Conclusion. This study indicates clear evidence supporting the traditional use of seven plants in treating skin and wound infections related to bacteria.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Combined Effect of Kalanchoe Crenata and Vernonia Amygdalina on Salmonella Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah ◽  
Emmanuel Agyapong Asare ◽  
Gadafi Iddrisu Balali
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract IntroductionThe major breakthrough in the treatment of pathogenic diseases was the unearthing of naturally occurring antipathogenic agents or antibiotics. There have been upsurges in antibiotic-resistant strains of clinically important pathogens, which made way to the emergence of new-fangled bacterial strains that are multi-resistant. The major aim of scientists is to develop new antibiotics or other therapeutic strategies at a pace greater than that at which bacteria are developing resistance. Development of resistance to first-line antimicrobial therapies made way to recommendations for combination therapies for the treatment of some infections and some of this form of chemotherapy seems to be very successful.ObjectivesThis research was carried out the determine the effect of Kalanchoe crenata extract on salmonella Tyhi load. It was carried out to also assess the potency of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina on Salmonella typhi and also to ascertain the effect of the combined extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina on salmonella typhi.MethodIn this research, Salmonella typhi was exposed to a crude extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina and also the combination of the two extracts. Agar wells diffusion method was employed.ResultsThe combined effect was not sensitive to the Salmonella strain. The Salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. K. cranata had the strongest activity against S. typhi with its highest zone of growth inhibition of 20 mm and lowest zone of inhibition of 7 mm while V. amygdalina produced consistent zone of growth inhibition of 5–6 mm; The combined effect produced a zone inhibition diameter only at the 100 mg/ml with zone of inhibition value of 14 mm. The subsequent lower concentrations did not show any activity against the microbes. At P-value = 0.05 two-way ANOVA statistics exhibited significant difference amongst the effects produced by the different extracts, though there were no substantial differences in the effects produced by the various concentrations.ConclusionThe salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. At P-value = 0.05 there was a substantial difference in the sensitivity of the bacteria to the different extracts.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Five Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia against Some Human and Animal Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Romha ◽  
Birhanu Admasu ◽  
Tsegaye Hiwot Gebrekidan ◽  
Hailelule Aleme ◽  
Gebreyohans Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective. To evaluate thein vitroantibacterial activities of five plant extracts which have been used as traditional medicines by local healers against three multidrug resistant bacteria, namely,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosa.Results. The highest mean zone of inhibition (4.66 mm) was recorded from methanol extract ofCalpurnia aurea(Ait.) Benth. at a concentration of 200 mg/ml againstS. aureus, followed byCroton macrostachyusDel. (4.43 mm) at the same dose and solvent for the same bacterial species, while methanol and chloroform extracts ofE. bruceiSchwein. did not inhibit growth of any bacterial species. The lowest value (100 μg/ml) of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed from both methanol and chloroform extracts ofC. aurea(Ait.) Benth. against all the three bacteria. The results of the positive control had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) when compared with crude extracts ofC. aurea(Ait.) Benth. at concentration of 200 mg/ml againstS. aureus.Conclusion. The results of the present study support the traditional uses of these medicinal plants by the local healers. ExceptErythrina bruceiSchwein., all the plants investigated in this study exhibited antibacterial activities against the test bacterial species. Further researches are needed to be conducted to evaluate efficacy of these medicinal plant species on other microbes in different agroecological settings and their safety levels as well as their phytochemical compositions.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICIENCY OF MINERAL TRI OXIDE AGGREGATE AND BIODENTIN IMPREGNATED WITH SILVER AND ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLESAN INVITRO STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Suganya TL ◽  
Arvind Kumar A ◽  
Hariprasad. R
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim The aim of this in-vitro study is to compare the antibacterial efficacy of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentin along with the incorporation of silver and Zinc oxide Nano particles. Materials and methodology Antimicrobial effect of MTA and Biodentin impregnated with silver and Zinc oxide Nano particles were tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus and Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the following materials was measured and the antimicrobial effect was determined bothquantitatively and qualitatively by using Brothdilution method and membrane enclosed immersion test . The data’s were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21 IBM software and comparison between the two groups in normal data distribution were done using Student’s t-test. Results Test indicates that the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine with silver nano particles showed very strong antibacterial action compared with other materials to the three bacterial strains followed by MTA and Silver Nano particles. There was a statistically significant difference between these materials Conclusion By quantifying the amount of nanoparticles that can be added to the bioactive materials These can be successfully used in the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants for Management of Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e1085
Author(s):  
Faezeh Feizi ◽  
Nazli Namazi ◽  
Roja Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ayati
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference

Insomnia is one of the most troubling sleep disorders and can be characterized by an inability to fall asleep and/or inadequate sleep duration and/or waking up multiple times during the night. Herbal medicine has been used to treat a range of sleep disorders for centuries. This study aimed to review medicinal plants investigated experimentally or clinically for sleep disorders, as well as their potential mechanisms of action and active components. Electronic databases and literature were systematically investigated to assess all in vitro and in vivo trials and clinical evidence of the efficacy and potential mechanisms of actions playing major roles in sleep induction or insomnia treatment. Among many herbal studies and trials on insomnia, some showed no significant difference between herbal remedies and placebos. While others showed improvements in sleep parameters (sleep latency, total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration, delta activity in NREM sleep, wakefulness anxiety-associated insomnia). In this study, in vitro, animal, and clinical studies investigating a variety of herbal treatments for insomnia were systematically reviewed. The mechanisms of action of herbal medicines in treating insomnia are mainly related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing and GABA-metabolizing enzymes that influenced sleep outcomes. Overall, herbal remedies were not associated with more benefits than non-benzodiazepines, although side effects were less. The results suggest that herbs have some benefits in improving the quantity and quality of sleep and could be a promising alternative therapy. [GMJ.2019;8:e1085]

In vitro screening of two Nigerian medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina and Annona senegalensis) for anthelmintic activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B.I Alawa ◽  
A.M Adamu ◽  
J.O Gefu ◽  
O.J Ajanusi ◽  
P.A Abdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Some Traditionally Used Ethiopian Medicinal Plants against Sheep KedMelophagus ovinus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negero Gemeda ◽  
Walelegn Mokonnen ◽  
Hirut Lemma ◽  
Ashenif Tadele ◽  
Kelbessa Urga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Melophagus Ovinus

Twelve medicinal plants and a commercially used drug Ivermectin were examined for insecticidal activity againstMelophagus ovinussheep ked at different time intervals usingin vitroadult immersion test. The findings show that at 3.13 µL/mL, 6.25 µL/mL and 12.5 µL/mL concentration ofCymbopogon citratus,Foeniculum vulgareandEucalyptus globulusessential oils respectively, recorded 100% mortalities againstM. ovinuswithin 3 hour of exposure. Significantly higher insecticidal activity of essential oils was recorded (P=0.00) when compared to 10 μg/mL Ivermectin after 3-hour exposure ofM. ovinusat a concentration of ≥1.57 μL/mL, ≥3 μL/mL, and ≥12.7 μL/mL essential oils ofC. citratus,F. vulgare, andE. globulus, respectively. Among essential oils,C. citratushas showed superior potency at a three-hour exposure of the parasite (P=0.00) at a concentration of ≥0.78 μL/mL. Strong antiparasitic activity was recorded by aqueous extract ofCalpurnia aurea(80% mortality) at a concentration of 200 mg/mL within 24 h among aqueous extracts of 9 medicinal plants. The results indicated all the four medicinal plants, particularly those tested essential oils, can be considered as potential candidates for biocontrol ofM. ovinussheep ked.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers of Western Cameroon

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Zofou ◽  
Mathieu Tene ◽  
Moses N. Ngemenya ◽  
Pierre Tane ◽  
Vincent P. K. Titanji
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Medicinal plants play a key role in malaria control in Africa, especially in remote areas where health facilities are limited. In order to assess their acclaimed potentials, eleven extracts were prepared from seven selected plants commonly used in Western Cameroon, and tested both for their antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. The antiplasmodial activity was assessed using Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay (pLDH) and the cytotoxicity estimated on LLC-MK2 monkey kidney epithelial cells. Seven extracts from five different plants were significantly active, with very weak or no cytotoxicity. The Dacryodes edulis leaves showed the highest activity (IC50 of 6.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and 8.2 μg/mL on DD2) followed by the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (IC50 of 8.72 and 11.27 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2 resp.) and roots of V. amygdalina (IC50 of 8.72 μg/mL on 3D7), Coula edulis leaves (IC50 of 13.80 μg/mL and 5.79 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2 resp.), Eucalyptus globulus leaves (IC50 of 16.80 μg/mL and 26.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2) and Cuviera longiflora stem bark (IC50 of 20.24 μg/mL and 13.91 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2). These findings justify the use of five of the seven plants in malaria treatment by traditional healers of Western Cameroon.

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