scholarly journals Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Aluminum in the Al-Nb/Ti/Ni Composite Fabricated by the ARB Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nan Ye ◽  
Xueping Ren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Shear Texture ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Ebsd Technique

The Al-Nb/Ti/Ni composite was fabricated from pure Al, Ni, Ti, and Nb sheets by the ARB technology. The microstructure evolution was observed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The evolution was evaluated by the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. A couple of results we obtained showed that the microstructure of Al changed from equiaxed grains to a lamellar structure, and the grain size in the ND decreased gradually. Finally, the average grain size in the ND was 0.31 μm. Additionally, the fraction of HAGBs increased after the third pass, resulting from the dynamic recovery and the shear bands. The texture evolution was tested by electron backscattered diffraction. After the fourth pass, the Al exhibited a combination texture of rolling texture and shear texture. The rolling texture components were composed of Copper{112}<111>, Dillamore{4 4 11}<11 11 8>, S{123}<634>, and Brass{011}<211>, and the shear texture components were Rotated Cube {001}<110> and {111}//ND. The microhardness of Ni, Ti, Nb, and Al was improved in the ARB process and finally reached 226.4, 246.3, 187.2, and 44.2 HV, respectively.

Synthesis and Characterization of Plasma Synthesized Nanostructured Magnesia-Yttria Based Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar F. Al-Sharab ◽  
Rajendra Sadangi ◽  
Vijay Shukla ◽  
Bernard Kear
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Average Grain Size

ABSTRACTPolycrystalline Y2O3 is the material of choice for IR windows since it has excellent optical properties in the visible, and near infra-red band. However, current processing methods yield polycrystalline Y2O3 with large grain size (> 100 μm), which limits the hardness and erosion resistance attainable. One way to improve strength is to develop an ultra-fine grained material with acceptable optical transmission properties. To realize a fine-grained ceramic, one approach is to develop a composite structure, in which one phase inhibits the growth of the other phase during processing. In this study, Y2O3-MgO nanocomposite with various MgO content (20, 50 and 80 mol%) were synthesized using plasma spray method. Extensive characterization techniques including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were employed to study the synthesized powder as well as the consolidated sample. Transmission Electron Microscopy, as well as EDS chemical mapping, revealed that the consolidated sample have bi-continuous MgO-Y2O3 nanostructure with an average grain size of 200 nm.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Surface Layer of 38CrSi Steel

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Ning Ma ◽  
De-Ma Ba ◽  
Chang-Qing Li ◽  
Fan-Jun Meng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Nanostructured Surface ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size

A nanocrystalline surface layer was fabricated on a 38CrSi Steel with tempered sorbite structure by using Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding (SFPB). The microstructural evolution of SFPB-treated specimens under different processing conditions was characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental evidence showed severe plastic deformation and obvious grains refinement were observed and a nanocrystalline surface layer (grain size < 100nm) was found after SFPB treatment. The thickness of nanostructured surface layer varies from a few to about 25μm as treated time increasing from 80s to 240s, but the grain size varies slightly. For the sample treated for 240s, the average grain size of equiaxed nanocrystallites with random crystallographic orientations on the top surface layer is about 16nm. The indexing of diffraction rings indicates nanostructured surface layer consists of ferrite and cementite phases without any evidence of a new phase. The structure size increases gradually from nano-scale to original-scale with an increase of the distance from the top surface layer. In the region about 20–30μm deep from the top surface, the microstructures are mainly composed of 60–100nm roughly equiaxed grains and subgrains. Some subbounsaries are composed of dense dislocation walls (DDWs). In this regime some cell structures are also seen, which are separated by dislocation lines (DTs) and some DDWs. Experimental analysis indicate coarse-grains are gradually refined into nano-sized grains by dislocations activity with gradual increase of strain and strain rate from matrix to treated surface. Both ferrite and cementite phases occur grain refinement. Grain refinement of 38CrSi sample is mainly attributed to the movement of dislocation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline 316-Stainless Steel Coatings by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Lau ◽  
H.G. Jiang ◽  
E.J. Lavernia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel Coatings

Abstract The present paper describes the synthesis of nanocrystalline 316-stainless steel coatings by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. The feedstock powders were synthesized by mechanical milling to produce flake-shaped agglomerates with an average grain size of less than 100 nm. The powders were introduced into the HVOF spray to successfully produce nanocrystalline coatings. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the average grain size of the milled powders. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphology of the nanometric particles and the microstructure of the as-sprayed coatings. The properties of various coating materials were characterized by microhardness measurements performed on the polished surface of the cross section.

The Microstructure and Electromigration Performance of Damascene-Fabricated Aluminum Interconnects

1997 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Besser ◽  
John E. Sanchez ◽  
David P. Fields ◽  
Shekhar Pramanick ◽  
Kashmir Sahota
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Parallel Arrays ◽  
Aluminum Interconnects

ABSTRACTNovel metal deposition stack and damascene processing methods have been used to fabricate electrically isolated parallel arrays of 1.0 μm deep aluminum-alloy interconnect trenches varying in width from 0.5 μm to 16 μm. The grain size and crystallographic texture of the Al in these trenches has been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and local electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), respectively. Narrow lines (0.5 and 1.0 μm wide) have a bamboo microstructure, intermediate widths (2.0 μm wide) are nearly bamboo, and wide lines (4.0 μ and wider) are polycrystalline. The <111> texture of the lines degrades with decreasing linewidth. A secondary <100> component is demonstrated and its origin proposed. The electromigration reliability of the narrow damascene Al lines was measured, and the observed enhancement of damascene Al interconnects compared to conventionally-fabricated Al interconnects is correlated with the microstructure.

Evolution of Microstructure and Texture during Annealing of a Copper Processed by ECAE

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Laure Etter ◽  
Denis Solas ◽  
Thierry Baudin ◽  
Richard Penelle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Angular Extrusion ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Electron Back Scattered Diffraction

A submicron-grained (SMG) microstructure, with an average grain size of ~0.4 µm was produced by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The SMG microstructure was composed of large dynamic recrystallized grains within a matrix of deformed elongated cells. Samples were annealed for various times at 473 K and then examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results specify that a large recovery takes place during the first annealing times. Moreover, MET investigations show nucleation of grains which orientations are found in the recrystallized texture. The EBSD measurements established that, after 7min30s at 473 K, the microstructure is equiaxed and stable with an average grain size of about 2 µm.

Microstructural Evolution of Friction Stir Treated WE43 Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Xu Dong Wang ◽  
Jiong Li Li ◽  
Zheng Lu ◽  
Xian Feng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Feng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Super Plastic ◽  
We43 Alloy

Mg-Y-Nd (WE43) plate in 3mm thickness was friction stir welded (FSW) under a tool rotation rate of 800rpm and a traverse speed of 100 mm/min. The super plastic deformation structure was obtained in as-FSWed WE43 alloy. Coarse equiaxed recrystallized microstructure in extruded WE43 alloy with the average grain size of over 50μm changed into fine equiaxed recrystallized grains with the average grain size of under 5μm in the FSW core zone. The formation and evolution of hardening precipitates in WE43 alloy during ageing at 210oC is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) observations. It was indicated that the microstructure of as-FSWed WE43 always contain β’’ phase even without heat treatment. The hardening is mainly associated with the β’’→β’ transformation.

Surface Nanocrystallization of Zircaloy-4 by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 452-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Hui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ge Duan ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mechanical Attrition ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Twins

A nanostructured surface layer was induced on zircaloy-4 by the method of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). X-ray diffraction and microhardness tester were applied to identify the average grain size and hardness of specimen processed for different duration, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were adopted to observe the microstructure of specimen. The results showed that the surface hardness enhanced gradually and then stabilized with the processing duration increasing, while the average grain size declined gradually, to the minimum 20 nm at 15 min, then increased. The formation of nanocrystalline was due to the mechanical twins and dislocation slip.

Effect of Compression with Oscillatory Torsion Processing on Structure and Properties of Cu

2011 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Rodak ◽  
Jacek Pawlicki ◽  
Krzysztof Radwański ◽  
Rafal M. Molak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Subgrain Size ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Average Grain Size

In this study, commercial Cu was subjected to plastic deformation by compression with oscillatory torsion. Different deformation parameters were adopted to study their effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu. The deformed microstructure was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipment with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) facility and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The mechanical properties were determined on an MTS QTest/10 machine equipped with digital image correlation. Can be found, that process performed at high compression rate and high torsion frequency is recommended for the refining grain size. The size of structure elements: average grain size (D) and subgrain size (d) reached 0.42 m and 0.30 m respectively, and the fraction of high angle boundaries was 35%, when the sample was deformed at a torsion frequency f= 1.6 Hz and compression rate v=0.04 mm/s. Deformation at these parameters leads to an improvement in strength properties. The strength properties are about two times greater than the initial state.

A Study on the Microstructure of Ultra Low Carbon Bainitic Steels by RPC Technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 2107-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Fen Wang ◽  
Shao Kang Pu ◽  
Y. Guan ◽  
Ping He Li ◽  
Li Xin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
Granular Bainite ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Effective Grain Size ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Rolled Condition

The effect of tempering process on the microstructure of ultra low carbon bainitic (ULCB) steel produced by relaxation precipitation controlled phase transformation (RPC) has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the final microstructure mainly contained lath-like bainitic ferrite, granular bainite and martensite-austenite (MA) constituent in ULCB steels. On tempering at 650°C a slight increase was detected in the effective grain size as the strain-induced precipitates pinned up the dislocation walls and subgrains. After tempering at 700°C, bainitic ferrite laths started to coarsen and polygonal ferrite occurred. The effective grain size of ULCB steels in as-rolled condition was 1.5 μm at the tolerance of 10o~15o measured by EBSD technique.

scholarly journals Texture Evolution and Nanohardness in Cu-Nb Composite Wires

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Shihua Xiang ◽  
Xiaofang Yang ◽  
Yanxiang Liang ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Composite Wires

Multifilamentary microcomposite copper-niobium (Cu-Nb) wires were fabricated by a series of accumulative drawing and bonding steps (ADB). The texture of the Cu matrix in these wires was studied using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic recrystallization during cold drawing caused a weakening of the <111> texture in the micron-scale Cu matrix at high values of true strain. A sharp <111> texture was observed in the nano-scale Cu matrix due to the suppression of dynamic recrystallization. The grain size was reduced by the higher level of dynamic recrystallization at high strains. The relation between the nanoindentation behavior of the different Cu matrix and the grain sizes, Cu-Nb interface, and texture was established.

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