scholarly journals Detection of Electrophysiological Activity of Amygdala during Anesthesia Using Stereo-EEG: A Preliminary Research in Anesthetized Epileptic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tao Liang ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Yongxing Sun ◽  
Baoguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Anesthesia Mechanism ◽  
Recovery Of Consciousness

Recent studies of anesthesia mechanisms have focused on neuronal network and functional connectivity. The stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings provide appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to study whole-brain dynamics; however, the feasibility to detect subcortical signals during anesthesia still needs to be studied with clinical evidence. Here, we focus on the amygdala to investigate if SEEG can be used to detect cortical and subcortical electrophysiological activity in anesthetized epileptic patients. Therefore, we present direct evidence in humans that SEEG indeed can be used to record cortical and subcortical electrophysiological activity during anesthesia. The study was carried out in propofol-anesthetized five epileptic patients. The electrophysiology activity of the amygdala and other cortical areas from anesthesia to the recovery of consciousness was investigated using stereo-EEG (SEEG). Results indicated that with the decrease of propofol concentration, power spectral density (PSD) in the delta band of the amygdala significantly decreased. When it was close to recovery, the correlation between the amygdala and ipsilateral temporal lobe significantly decreased followed by a considerable increase when awake. The findings of the current study suggest SEEG as an effective tool for providing direct evidence of the anesthesia mechanism.

Evolution of Grain Boundary Texture in Zirconium Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 710-713
Author(s):  
Karri V. Mani Krishna ◽  
Sudipto Mandal ◽  
Ankur Agrawal ◽  
Vijay Hiwarkar ◽  
Dinesh Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Variant Selection ◽  
Alpha Beta

Grain boundary texture evolution in case of two of the Zr based alloys (Zircaloy-4 and Zr-2.5\%Nb) was studied. In case of Zircaloy-4, grain boundary texture evolution during $\beta$ $\to$ $\alpha$ phase transformation was monitored. Direct evidence of variant selection during this transformation is presented. In case of Zr-2.5\%Nb alloy, considerable increase in $\alpha/\beta$ interfaces following Burger's orientation relationship was noticed with increasing annealing time at 700 \textdegree{}C.

The sea and archaeology

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (191) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Seán McGrail
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract Man has been a seafarer for at least 40,000 years, and must have used raft or boat on lakes and rivers at an even earlier date. Maritime archaeologists seek evidence for such activities from earliest times until written records predominate. Direct evidence for water transport is not available before 8,000 B.C. and is biased towards Egypt and Europe. Much archaeological, environmental, ethnographic and experimental research is required to fill the great temporal and spatial gaps in our knowledge of the prehistoric maritime past. For later centuries, archaeologists can complement the work of historians: in this article examples of such work are given and assessed.

Quantitative EEG Effects of Topiramate

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Wang ◽  
J. C. Li ◽  
X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Power Spectral

Objective: The study is to invesigate the effect of topiramate (TPM) on EEG by means of quantitative pharmacoelectroencephalography (QPEEG). Methods: One dose of TPM was administrated to epileptics and healthy adults. The EEG samples were obtained prior to and at regular intervals within the 24 hours following the administration of TPM. The EEG activity was processed with power spectral analysis. Results: The power of slow wave, alpha 1 bands and total power increased after the administration of TPM, the power or slow wave in both occipital areas, and the total power of all scalp areas also increased. The percent of power increased at the theta band and alpha 1 band (healthy adults) or delta band, theta band (patients). Conclusion: TPM can change the EEG background activity. These changes are different from other antiepileptic drugs.

scholarly journals EEG and fMRI Evidence for Autobiographical Memory Reactivation in Empathy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Meconi ◽  
Juan Linde-Domingo ◽  
Catarina S. Ferreira ◽  
Sebastian Michelmann ◽  
Bernhard Staresina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Eeg Pattern

AbstractEmpathy relies on the ability to mirror and to explicitly infer others’ inner states. Theoretical accounts suggest that memories play a role in empathy but direct evidence of a reactivation of autobiographical memories (AM) in empathy is yet to be shown. We addressed this question in two experiments. In experiment 1, electrophysiological activity (EEG) was recorded from 28 participants who performed an empathy task in which targets for empathy were depicted in contexts for which participants either did or did not have an AM, followed by a task that explicitly required memory retrieval of the AM and non-AM contexts. The retrieval task was implemented to extract the neural fingerprints of AM and non-AM contexts, which were then used to probe data from the empathy task. An EEG pattern classifier was trained and tested across tasks and showed evidence for AM reactivation when participants were preparing their judgement in the empathy task. Participants self-reported higher empathy for people depicted in situations they had experienced themselves as compared to situations they had not experienced. A second independent fMRI experiment replicated this behavioural finding and showed the predicted activation in the brain networks underlying both AM retrieval and empathy: precuneus, posterior parietal cortex, superior and inferior parietal lobule and superior frontal gyrus. Together, our study reports behavioural, electrophysiological and fMRI evidence that robustly supports the involvement of AM reactivation in empathy.

scholarly journals EEG Power Spectral Analysis of Abnormal Cortical Activations During REM/NREM Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuling Liu ◽  
Jiucheng Shen ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Eeg Power

Objective: To characterize electroencephalogram (EEG) power in different frequency bands during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods: Retrospective data on 151 patients were collected and divided into three groups: primary snoring group (AHI < 5/h), mild-moderate OSA group (6 ≤ AHI < 30/h), and severe OSA group (AHI ≥ 30/h). EEG recordings in the frontal, central, and occipital regions were extracted from both REM and NREM sleep, to compute the normalized spectral power densities in the delta, theta, alpha, sigma, beta, and gamma frequency bands, using Fast Fourier Transform. Correlations between the computed EEG power and PSG parameters were analyzed.Results: In NREM sleep, elevated normalized power spectral density (PSD) in the delta band was observed in the severe OSA group compared to the other two groups. In contrast, the PSD of the other frequency bands showed a corresponding decrease in the severe OSA group. In REM sleep, similar changes were observed in the frontal region. Delta band PSD was positively correlated with Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) (r = 0.33), longest time of apnea, oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (r = 0.34), percent sleep time below 90% SaO2 (T90%) (r = 0.30), Arousal Index (ArI) (r = 0.29), and negatively correlated with N3%, minimum oxygen saturation (minSaO2).Conclusion: Our findings provide neurophysiological evidence for pathological cortical activation during REM/NREM sleep, which may be associated with the arousals and cognitive impairments in OSA. The technique of power spectral analysis could prove a potentially useful tool in complementing traditional PSG parameters in assessing disease burden to guide therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals The RNA-binding protein ATX-2 regulates cytokinesis through PAR-5 and ZEN-4

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (20) ◽  
pp. 3052-3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Gnazzo ◽  
Eva-Maria E. Uhlemann ◽  
Alex R. Villarreal ◽  
Masaki Shirayama ◽  
Eddie G. Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Spindle Midzone ◽  
Ataxin 2 ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The spindle midzone harbors both microtubules and proteins necessary for furrow formation and the completion of cytokinesis. However, the mechanisms that mediate the temporal and spatial recruitment of cell division factors to the spindle midzone and midbody remain unclear. Here we describe a mechanism governed by the conserved RNA-binding protein ATX-2/Ataxin-2, which targets and maintains ZEN-4 at the spindle midzone. ATX-2 does this by regulating the amount of PAR-5 at mitotic structures, particularly the spindle, centrosomes, and midbody. Preventing ATX-2 function leads to elevated levels of PAR-5, enhanced chromatin and centrosome localization of PAR-5–GFP, and ultimately a reduction of ZEN-4–GFP at the spindle midzone. Codepletion of ATX-2 and PAR-5 rescued the localization of ZEN-4 at the spindle midzone, indicating that ATX-2 mediates the localization of ZEN-4 upstream of PAR-5. We provide the first direct evidence that ATX-2 is necessary for cytokinesis and suggest a model in which ATX-2 facilitates the targeting of ZEN-4 to the spindle midzone by mediating the posttranscriptional regulation of PAR-5.

scholarly journals Investigating Processes of Nanocrystal Formation and Transformation via Liquid Cell TEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Nielsen ◽  
Dongsheng Li ◽  
Hengzhong Zhang ◽  
Shaul Aloni ◽  
T. Yong-Jin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Liquid Cell ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractRecent ex situ observations of crystallization in both natural and synthetic systems indicate that the classical models of nucleation and growth are inaccurate. However, in situ observations that can provide direct evidence for alternative models have been lacking due to the limited temporal and spatial resolution of experimental techniques that can observe dynamic processes in a bulk solution. Here we report results from liquid cell transmission electron microscopy studies of nucleation and growth of Au, CaCO3, and iron oxide nanoparticles. We show how these in situ data can be used to obtain direct evidence for the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle crystallization as well as dynamic information that provide constraints on important energetic parameters not available through ex situ methods.

Slow Activity in Focal Epilepsy During Sleep and Wakefulness

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pellegrino ◽  
Mario Tombini ◽  
Giuseppe Curcio ◽  
Chiara Campana ◽  
Giovanni Di Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Delta Sleep ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
Sleep Cycles

Introduction. We aimed to test differences between healthy subjects and patients with respect to slow wave activity during wakefulness and sleep. Methods. Fifteen patients affected by nonlesional focal epilepsy originating within temporal areas and fourteen matched controls underwent a 24-hour EEG recording. We studied the EEG power spectral density during wakefulness and sleep in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (5-7 Hz), alpha (8-11 Hz), sigma (12-15 Hz), and beta (16-20 Hz) bands. Results. During sleep, patients with focal epilepsy showed higher power from delta to beta frequency bands compared with controls. The effect was widespread for alpha band and above, while localized over the affected hemisphere for delta (sleep cycle 1, P = .006; sleep cycle 2, P = .008; sleep cycle 3, P = .017). The analysis of interhemispheric differences showed that the only frequency band stronger over the affected regions was the delta band during the first 2 sleep cycles (sleep cycle 1, P = .014; sleep cycle 2, P = .002). During wakefulness, patients showed higher delta/theta activity over the affected regions compared with controls. Conclusions. Patients with focal epilepsy showed a pattern of power increases characterized by a selective slow wave activity enhancement over the epileptic regions during daytime and sleep. This phenomenon was stronger and asymmetric during the first sleep cycles.

scholarly journals Functional Nutrients for Epilepsy

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Kim ◽  
Kyung-Ok Cho
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Core Symptom ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
Selection Of

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of which seizures are a core symptom. Approximately one third of epileptic patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs and therefore require alternative therapeutic options. Dietary and nutritional supplements can in some cases replace drugs, but with the exception of ketogenic diets, there are no officially recommended dietary considerations for patients with epilepsy. In this review we summarize a selection of nutritional suggestions that have proved beneficial in treating different types of epilepsy. We describe the types of seizures and epilepsy and follow this with an introduction to basic molecular mechanisms. We then examine several functional nutrients for which there is clinical evidence of therapeutic efficacy in reducing seizures or epilepsy-associated sudden death. We also discuss experimental results that demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms elicited by the administration of various nutrients. The availability of multiple dietary and nutritional candidates that show favorable outcomes in animals implies that assessing the clinical potential of these substances will improve translational medicine, ultimately benefitting epilepsy patients.

Stereotaxic treatment of frontal-lobe and centrencephalic epilepsy

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Jelsma ◽  
Claude M. Bertrand ◽  
Sonis N. Martinez ◽  
Pedro Molina-Negro
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Made In

✓ The authors report a series of selected epileptic patients treated by stereotaxic lesions. The treatment was successful in patients with focal motor epilepsy. Stereotaxic lesions made in patients with centrencephalic electroencephalographic abnormalities were only successful if there was also clinical evidence of a frontal focus. The significance of these results is discussed, and a target is described that may be useful in certain cases with clinical evidence of a frontal lobe focus.

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