scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota and Shift in Bacteroidetes between Young Obese and Normal-Weight Korean Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Saeam Shin ◽  
Ky Young Cho
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Normal Weight Group

Emerging data suggest that the gut microbiome is related to the pathophysiology of obesity. This study is aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight Korean children aged 5-13. We collected fecal samples from 22 obese and 24 normal-weight children and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was lower in the obese group than in the normal-weight group and showed a significant negative correlation with BMI z-score. Linear discriminative analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size measurement (LEfSe) analysis also revealed that the Bacteroidetes population drove the divergence between the groups. There was no difference in alpha diversity, but beta diversity was significantly different between the normal-weight and obese groups. The gut microbial community was linked to BMI z-score; blood biomarkers associated with inflammation and metabolic syndrome; and dietary intakes of niacin, sodium, vitamin B6, and fat. The gut microbiota of the obese group showed more clustering of genera than that of the normal-weight group. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis revealed that the functions related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the microbiota were more enriched in the normal-weight group than in the obese group. Our data may contribute to the understanding of the gut microbial structure of young Korean children in relation to obesity. These findings suggest that Bacteroidetes may be a potential therapeutic target in pediatric obesity.

scholarly journals Alteration of the gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Chen ◽  
Haixiang Sun ◽  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background Obesity is a global epidemic in the industrialized and developing world, and many children suffer from obesity-related complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might have significant effect on the development of obesity. The microbiota continues to develop through childhood and thus childhood may be the prime time for microbiota interventions to realize health promotion or disease prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure and function of pediatric gut microbiota. Methods According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, twenty-three normal weight and twenty-eight obese children were recruited from Nanjing, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR, and sequencing was applied to analyze the gut microbiota diversity and composition using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Results The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota with increasing body weight. The alpha diversity indices showed that the normal weight group had higher abundance and observed species than the obese group (Chao1: P < 0.001; observed species: P < 0.001; PD whole tree: P < 0.001; Shannon index: P = 0.008). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the normal weight group and the obese group. The liner discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that fifty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the fecal samples of the normal weight group and forty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the obese group. In regard to phyla, the gut microbiota in the obese group had lower proportions of Bacteroidetes (51.35%) compared to the normal weight group (55.48%) (P = 0.030). There was no statistical difference in Firmicutes between the two groups (P = 0.436), and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes between the two groups had no statistical difference (P = 0.983). At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, Megamonas, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant in the obese group than in the normal weight group (P = 0.048, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, P = 0.040, and P = 0.003, respectively). The fecal microbiota of children in the obese group had lower proportions of Oscillospira and Dialister compared to the normal weight group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed a decrease in gut microbiota abundance and diversity as the BMI increased. Variations in the bacterial community structure were associated with obesity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the development of obesity in Chinese children.

scholarly journals Lifestyle modifications result in alterations in the gut microbiota in obese children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ky Young Cho
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Firmicutes Phylum

Abstract Background The association between the gut microbiota and pediatric obesity was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. A prospective study of obese children was conducted to assess the gut microbial alterations after a weight change. We collected fecal samples from obese children before and after a 2-month weight reduction program that consisted of individual counseling for nutritional education and physical activity, and we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Thirty-six participants, aged 7 to 18 years, were classified into the fat loss (n = 17) and the fat gain (n = 19) groups according to the change in total body fat (%) after the intervention. The baseline analysis of the gut microbiota in the preintervention stages showed dysbiotic features of both groups compared with those of normal-weight children. In the fat loss group, significantly decreased proportions of Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidia class, Bacteroidales order, Bacteroidaceae family, and Bacteroides genus, along with increased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, and Clostridiales order, were observed after intervention. The microbial richness was significantly reduced, without a change in beta diversity in the fat loss group. The fat gain group showed significantly deceased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, Lachnospiraceae family, and Eubacterium hallii group genus, without a change in diversity after the intervention. According to the functional metabolic analysis by the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2, the “Nitrate Reduction VI” and “Aspartate Superpathway” pathways were predicted to increase significantly in the fat loss group. The cooccurring networks of genera were constructed and showed the different microbes that drove the changes between the pre- and postintervention stages in the fat loss and fat gain groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that lifestyle modifications can impact the composition, richness, and predicted functional profiles of the gut microbiota in obese children after weight changes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03812497, registration date January 23, 2019, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Hua Chen ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhi Bing Liu ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.

scholarly journals Effects of a Twelve-Week Weight Reduction Exercise Programme on Selected Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters of Obese Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Jegede ◽  
Babatunde O. A. Adegoke ◽  
Oladapo M. Olagbegi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objectives. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of twelve-week weight reduction exercises on selected spatiotemporal gait parameters of obese individuals and compare with their normal weight counterparts. Methods. Sixty participants (30 obese and 30 of normal weight) started but only 58 participants (obese = 30, normal weight = 28) completed the quasi-experimental study. Only obese group had 12 weeks of weight reduction exercise training but both groups had their walking speed (WS), cadence (CD), step length (SL), step width (SW), and stride length (SDL) measured at baseline and at the end of weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the study. Data were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. There was significantly lower WS, SL, and SDL but higher CD and SW in obese group than the normal weight group at baseline and week 12. However, the obese group had significantly higher percentage changes in all selected spatiotemporal parameters than the normal weight group. Conclusion. The 12-week weight reduction exercise programme produced significantly higher percentage changes in all selected spatiotemporal gait parameters in the obese than normal weight individuals and is recommended for improvement of these parameters among the obese individuals with gait related problems.

scholarly journals Correlation between obesity and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: a study of 1579 cases: a retrospective study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9675
Author(s):  
Huijuan Wang ◽  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Xiukun Hou ◽  
Zechun Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Advanced Tumor ◽  
Tumor Node Metastasis Stage ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
The Relationship

Objective To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The clinical data of 1,579 patients with PTC, admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to March 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different BMI of patients, it can be divided into underweight recombination (BMI < 18.5 kg/m), normal body recombination (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight recombination (24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2). The clinicopathological characteristics of PTC in patients with different BMIs group were compared. Results In our study, the risk for extrathyroidal extension (ETE), advanced T stage (T III/IV), and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (TNM III/IV) in the overweight group were higher, with OR (odds ratio) = 1.99(1.41–2.81), OR = 2.01(1.43–2.84), OR = 2.94(1.42–6.07), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. The risk for ETE and T III/IV stage in the obese group were higher, with OR = 1.82(1.23–2.71) and OR = 1.82(1.23–2.70), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. Conclusion BMI is associated with the invasiveness of PTC. There is a higher risk for ETE and TNM III/IV stage among patients with PTC in the overweight group and for ETE among patients with PTC in the obese group.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Dietary Intake of Normal-Weight and Overweight Filipino Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Maria Julia Golloso-Gubat ◽  
Quinten R. Ducarmon ◽  
Robby Carlo A. Tan ◽  
Romy D. Zwittink ◽  
Ed J. Kuijper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Filipino Children ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
The Relationship

Diet and body mass index (BMI) have been shown to affect the gut microbiota of children, but studies are largely performed in developed countries. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional investigation on the differences in the bacterial gut microbiota between normal-weight and overweight urban Filipino children, and determined the relationship between their energy, macronutrient and dietary fiber intakes, and their gut microbiota composition and diversity. Forty-three children (normal-weight, n = 32; overweight, n = 11) participated in the study. Energy and fiber intakes were collected using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 region. The diet of the children was a mixture of traditional and Western patterns. There were no significant differences in energy, macronutrients and energy-adjusted fiber intakes between the normal-weight and overweight groups, but there were significantly more children meeting the recommended fiber intake in the overweight group. Alpha and beta bacterial diversities did not significantly differ between weight groups. Relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter and Clostridiaceae 1 were higher in the normal-weight than overweight children, and Lachnospira was higher in overweight children.

scholarly journals Effects of tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor exposure on the oral and gut microbiota in humans: a pilot study

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Stewart ◽  
Thomas A. Auchtung ◽  
Nadim J. Ajami ◽  
Kenia Velasquez ◽  
Daniel P. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Buccal Swabs ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundThe use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has increased drastically over the past five years, primarily as an alternative to smoking tobacco cigarettes. However, the adverse effects of acute and long-term use of ECs on the microbiota have not been explored. In this pilot study, we sought to determine if ECs or tobacco smoking alter the oral and gut microbiota in comparison to non-smoking controls.MethodsWe examined a human cohort consisting of 30 individuals: 10 EC users, 10 tobacco smokers, and 10 controls. We collected cross-sectional fecal, buccal swabs, and saliva samples from each participant. All samples underwent V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsTobacco smoking had a significant effect on the bacterial profiles in all sample types when compared to controls, and in feces and buccal swabs when compared to EC users. The most significant associations were found in the gut, with an increased relative abundance ofPrevotella(P= 0.006) and decreasedBacteroides(P= 0.036) in tobacco smokers. The Shannon diversity was also significantly reduced (P= 0.009) in fecal samples collected from tobacco smokers compared to controls. No significant difference was found in the alpha diversity, beta-diversity or taxonomic relative abundances between EC users and controls.DiscussionFrom a microbial ecology perspective, the current pilot data demonstrate that the use of ECs may represent a safer alternative compared to tobacco smoking. However, validation in larger cohorts and greater understanding of the short and long-term impact of EC use on microbiota composition and function is warranted.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopment correlates with gut microbiota in a cross-sectional analysis of children at 3 years of age in rural China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Rothenberg ◽  
Qiurong Chen ◽  
Jian Shen ◽  
Yanfen Nong ◽  
Hua Nong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Index ◽  
Bayley Scales

AbstractWe investigated cross-sectional associations between children’s neurodevelopment and their gut microbiota composition. Study children (36 months of age) lived in rural China (n = 46). Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, yielding the Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI). Children's gut microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA gene profiling. Microbial diversity was characterized using alpha diversity patterns. Additionally, 3 coabundance factors were determined for the 25 most abundant taxa. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the relationships between Bayley scores (MDI and PDI) and children's gut microbiota. In adjusted models, MDI and PDI scores were not associated with alpha diversity indices. However, in adjusted models, MDI and PDI scores were positively associated with the first coabundance factor, which captured positive loadings for the genera Faecalibacterium, Sutterella, and Clostridium cluster XIVa. For an interquartile range increase in the first coabundance factor, MDI scores increased by 3.9 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 0, 7.7], while PDI scores increased by 8.6 points (95% CI 3.1, 14). Our results highlight the potential for gut microbial compositional characteristics to be important correlates of children's Bayley Scales performance at 36 months of age.

scholarly journals Obesity and left ventricular mass in children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Mauliza Mauliza ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Melda Deliana ◽  
Tina Christina L Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Background Obesity has negative effects on cardiac function during growth leading to increased heart size and mass, as a result of higher stroke volume and cardiac output.Objective To assess for a relationship between obesity and left ventricular mass (LVM) in children, as well as to assess for a correlation between the duration of obesity and LVM.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2011 until February 2012 in Medan and included 30 obese and 30 normal weight children, aged 6 to 13 years. All subjects underwent complete echocardiography examinations to assess LVM and other left ventricular parameters. The Devereux formula was used to measure LVM.Results During the study, 65 children underwent echocardiography, but 5 were subsequently excluded. The left ventricular dimensions in the obese group were significantly higher compared to normal weight group with regards to interventricular septum at end diastole (IVSd), interventricular septum at end systole (IVSS), left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (P=0.0001). Duration of obesity and LVM had a moderate, positive correlation (r=0.407).Conclusion There is significantly higher LVM in the obese group than in the normal weight group. The duration of obesity had a moderate, positive correlation to LVM.

scholarly journals Influence of Morbid Obesity on the Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Daptomycin

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 2741-2747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunath P. Pai ◽  
Jeffrey P. Norenberg ◽  
Tamara Anderson ◽  
Diane W. Goade ◽  
Keith A. Rodvold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group

ABSTRACT The present study characterized the single-dose pharmacokinetics of daptomycin dosed as 4 mg/kg of total body weight (TBW) in seven morbidly obese and seven age-, sex-, race-, and serum creatinine-matched healthy subjects. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured for both groups following a single bolus injection of [125I]sodium iothalamate. Noncompartmental analysis was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, and these values were normalized against TBW, ideal body weight (IBW), and fat-free weight (FFW) for comparison of the two groups. All subjects enrolled in this study were female, and the mean (±standard deviation) body mass index was 46.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 or 21.8 ± 1.9 kg/m2 for the morbidly obese or normal-weight group, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve from dosing to 24 h were approximately 60% higher (P < 0.05) in the morbidly obese group than in the normal-weight group, and these were a function of the higher total dose received in the morbidly obese group. No differences in daptomycin volume of distribution (V), total clearance, renal clearance, or protein binding were noted between the two groups. Of TBW, FFW, or IBW, TBW provided the best correlation to V. In contrast, TBW overestimated GFR through creatinine clearance calculations using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Use of IBW in the Cockcroft-Gault equation or use of the four-variable modification of diet in renal disease equation best estimated GFR in morbidly obese subjects. Further studies of daptomycin pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients with acute bacterial infections and impaired renal function are necessary to better predict appropriate dosage intervals.

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