scholarly journals Physiomorphology of Soybean as Affected by Drought Stress and Nitrogen Application

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Oqba Basal ◽  
András Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
N Demand

Drought periods are predicted to increase in the future, putting the production of sensitive crops under serious hazards. Soybean, as a legume, is capable of partly achieving its nitrogen demands through the N2-fixation process; however, this process is inhibited by drought stress conditions. Moreover, N2-fixation might not fulfill the total N demand for soybean plants, so supplemental N-fertilizer doses might be crucial. A 3-year experiment was carried out in Debrecen, Hungary, to investigate the effects of inoculation and N-fertilizer application on the physiomorphology of soybean (cv. Boglár) under both drought stress and irrigated conditions. Results showed that, regardless of inoculation, drought negatively affected plant height, LAI, SPAD, and, to a smaller extent, NDVI. On average, increasing N-fertilizer enhanced these traits accordingly. Inoculation, on the other hand, resulted in taller plants and higher LAI values, but lower SPAD values. It could be concluded that soybean’s physiomorphology is negatively influenced by drought stress and that N-fertilizer application can enhance it whether soybean plants suffer from drought stress conditions or not.

scholarly journals Nutrient Management Programs, Nitrogen Fertilizer Practices, and Groundwater Quality in Nebraska’s Central Platte Valley (U.S.), 1989–1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 750-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Daberkow ◽  
Harold Taylor ◽  
Noel Gollehon ◽  
Milt Moravek
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Management Program ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Total N ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Farmer Behavior

Given the societal concern about groundwater pollution from agricultural sources, public programs have been proposed or implemented to change farmer behavior with respect to nutrient use and management. However, few of these programs designed to change farmer behavior have been evaluated due to the lack of detailed data over an appropriate time frame. The Central Platte Natural Resources District (CPNRD) in Nebraska has identified an intensively cultivated, irrigated area with average groundwater nitrate-nitrogen (N) levels about double the EPA’s safe drinking water standard. The CPNRD implemented a joint education and regulatory N management program in the mid-1980s to reduce groundwater N. This analysis reports N use and management, yield, and groundwater nitrate trends in the CPNRD for nearly 3000 continuous-corn fields from 1989 to 1998, where producers faced limits on the timing of N fertilizer application but no limits on amounts. Groundwater nitrate levels showed modest improvement over the 10 years of this analysis, falling from the 1989–1993 average of 18.9 to 18.1 mg/l during 1994–1998. The availability of N in excess of crop needs was clearly documented by the CPNRD data and was related to optimistic yield goals, irrigation water use above expected levels, and lack of adherence to commercial fertilizer application guidelines. Over the 10-year period of this analysis, producers reported harvesting an annual average of 9729 kg/ha, 1569 kg/ha (14%) below the average yield goal. During 1989�1998, producers reported annually applying an average of 162.5 kg/ha of commercial N fertilizer, 15.7 kg/ha (10%) above the guideline level. Including the N contribution from irrigation water, the potential N contribution to the environment (total N available less estimated crop use) was estimated at 71.7 kg/ha. This is an estimate of the nitrates available for denitrification, volatilization, runoff, future soil N, and leaching to groundwater. On average, between 1989–1993 and 1994–1998, producers more closely followed CPNRD N fertilizer recommendations and increased their use of postemerge N applications � an indication of improved synchrony between N availability and crop uptake.

scholarly journals Investigation of phenological development of some ephemeral annual ornamental plants in regard to nitrogen application

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Károly Ecseri ◽  
János Ágoston ◽  
Attila Hüvely ◽  
Judit Pető ◽  
Péter Honfi
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Outdoor Experiment ◽  
Higher Doses

Nitrogen sensitivity of Cyanus segetum Hill. (cornflower), Consolida regalis GRAY. (larkspur) and Papaver rhoeas L. (poppy) was investigated in outdoor experiment with ammonium-nitrate fertilizer application. The aim of our study was to prove the harmful effect of fertilization on segetal vegetation degradation. The examination method based on horizontal and vertical plant parameters, on phenological stages comparison. The height of poppy was decreased significantly when 240 kg/ha nitrogen was applied. Significant vegetative growth was detected on the other two species investigated especially higher doses of nitrogen application. Nitrogen application had an adverse effect on cornflower stem strength. Stress tolerance of poppies was decreased in the highest application. The other two species was not detected any biotic or abiotic damage compared to the control and treated plots

scholarly journals Autocorrelation of Production Components of Irrigated Garlic Crop

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1880-1881
Author(s):  
Job Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Rubens Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Domingos Sarvio Magalhães Valente ◽  
Isabela da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Explanatory Variables

The study aimed to analyze the distribution and spatial autocorrelation of irrigation concerning the other productive components of the garlic crop. The productive components were distributed in thematic maps, and the spatial autocorrelation was estimated by the Moran index, which quantifies the autocorrelation degree. Results show that irrigation contributes to higher yield, with bulbs of larger diameter and heavier cloves. Plants under drought stress conditions tend to develop wider and longer leaves with a higher shoot dry matter. The bivariate analysis revealed that irrigation in garlic is closely related to all explanatory variables.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the GmDREB2 gene increases proline accumulation and tolerance to drought stress in soybean plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Nhan Pham ◽  
Huu Quan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Ngoc Lan Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Tan Dao ◽  
Danh Thuong Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Soybean Plants

The dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) is a plant protein subfamily expressed when soybean plants face abiotic stresses. These DREB proteins are also considered to activate the transcription of drought-resistant genes. In this study, we present the determined results of relationships between overexpression of Glycine max DREB2 (GmDREB2) with the transcription level of Glycine max pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (GmP5CS) gene, proline accumulation and drought tolerant ability transgenic soybean plants as the basis for selection of transgenic lines with high drought tolerance. GmDREB2 was inserted into a plant transgenic vector and the 35S-GmDREB2-cmyc construct was transferred into the soybean plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Recombinant GmDREB2 protein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa was expressed in four transgenic soybean lines in the T1 generation. The GmP5CS gene was shown to have significantly (P<0.05) increased expression in the T2 transgenic soybean lines and higher than compared to non-transgenic plants with considering both in well watered condition and stressed conditions were from 1.06 to 1.31-fold and 1.37 to 1.95-fold, respectively. The proline content of four transgenic soybean lines increased 155.81% to 187.42 % after five days in drought-stress conditions and increased from 180.52 % to 233.74 % after nine days under drought-stress conditions (P<0.05). Therefore, the overexpression of GmDREB2 resulted in increasing transcription level of P5CS gene, proline accumulation and drought-stress tolerance of the transgenic soybean plants. The GmDREB2 transformation into soybean plants was confirmed by the results of genetically modified lines in the T2 generation (T2-1, T2-6, T2-7, and T2-8) with higher drought tolerant ability than those of non-transgenic plants.

scholarly journals Biochemical examination of non-transgenic and transgenic soybean plants under drought stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-322
Author(s):  
C.G. Goncalves ◽  
A.C. Silva ◽  
L.R. Alves ◽  
M.R.R. Pereira ◽  
P.L. Gratao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Biochemical Examination

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptional Response to Drought Stress Among Bioenergy Grass Miscanthus Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J. De Vega ◽  
Abel Teshome ◽  
Manfred Klaas ◽  
Jim Grant ◽  
John Finnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Drought Conditions

Abstract Background: Miscanthus is a commercial lignocellulosic biomass crop owing to its high biomass productivity, particularly in the temperate regions. This study was conducted to elucidate physiological and molecular responses of four Miscanthus species subjected to well-watered and droughted greenhouse conditions. Results: A significant biomass loss was observed under drought conditions for all genotypes. A sterile M. x giganteus showed a lower reduction in biomass yield under drought conditions compared to the control than the other species. Under well-watered conditions, biomass yield was as good as or better than control conditions in all species tested. M. sinensis was more tolerant than M. sacchariflorus to both water stress conditions. 4,389 of the 67,789 genes (6.4%) in the reference genome were differentially expressed among four Miscanthus species. Most of the genes were differentially expressed in a single species, but the enrichment analysis of gene ontology (GO) terms revealed that the same biological processes were regulated in all the species during stress conditions. Namely, upregulated differentially expressed genes were significantly involved in sucrose and starch metabolism, redox, and water and glycerol homeostasis and channel activity. Multiple copies of starch metabolic enzymes BAM and waxy GBSS-I were strongly up-regulated in drought stress in all Miscanthus genotypes. Twelve aquaporins (PIP1, PIP2 and NIP2) were also up-regulated in drought stress across genotypes. On the other hand, downregulated differentially expressed genes were significantly involved in protein kinase activity, cell receptor signalling and phosphorylation. Conclusions: Findings in the present study can assist in implementing molecular breeding approaches of drought resistant Miscanthus and its domestication.

scholarly journals Varietal performance of modern transplant Aman rice subjected to level of nitrogen application

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
SK Paul ◽  
MAR Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Effect On Yield

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to December 2012 with a view to finding out the effect of variety and nitrogen fertilizer application on the growth and yield of transplant Aman rice. The experiment comprised four varieties viz. BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan39 and BRRI dhan46, and four levels of nitrogen viz. control (no urea), prilled urea (50 kg N ha-1), one pellet (0.9g) of USG/4 hills of two adjacent rows (30 kg N ha-1) was applied at 10 DAT and two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and the other at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows (60 kg N ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the experiment showed that variety and level of nitrogen application had significant effect on yield attributes and yield of transplant Aman rice. At maturity the tallest plant (122.60 cm) and the highest number total tillers hill-1 (12.72) were observed in two pellets of USG/4 hills providing 60 kg N ha-1. The highest number of tillers hill-1 (10.08) was obtained from BRRI dhan34 and the lowest one (9.88) from BRRI dhan33. The highest grain yield was obtained from BRRI dhan46 (4.56 t ha-1) and the lowest one (3.27 t ha-1) was obtained from BRRI dhan34. The interaction reveals that the highest grain yield (5.61 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of BRRI dhan46 with two pellets of USG (0.9g each) applied one at 10 DAT and the other at 45 DAT.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21239 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 55-60, June 2014

scholarly journals Response of sunflower to organic and chemical fertilizers in different drought stress conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin KHODAEI-JOGHAN ◽  
Majid GHOLAMHOSEINI ◽  
Majid AGHA-ALIKHANI ◽  
Farhad HABIBZADEH ◽  
Ali SOROOSHZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers

<p>The main objectives of this research were to determine the effects of applying organic and chemical fertilizers under different irrigation regimes on sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) morphological traits, yield components, grain yield and grain quality. The experiment was conducted as spilt plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments at three levels (well-irrigated, mild and severe drought stress) were allocated to main plots and eight fertilizer treatments (urea (F1), urea + composted cattle manure (F2), zeocompost (F3), vermicompost (F4), zeolite-amended chicken manure (Z-ACM) (F5), zeocompost + vermicompost (F6), zeocompost + Z-ACM (F7) and vermicompost + Z-ACM (F8)) were randomized in sub-plots. The results showed that irrespective of the drought stress intensity, organic fertilizer treatments produced more dry matter, heavier and greater grain than did chemical treatments. In well-irrigated plots, the highest grain yield was obtained from F6, F7 and F8 treatments. Under drought stress conditions, the highest grain yield was obtained from the high zeolite content organic fertilizers i.e. F3, F5 and F7. We concluded that amending soil with organic fertilizers in combination with zeolite<em> </em>can be a beneficial approach for decreasing chemical fertilizer application rates and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems.</p>

THE PERFORMANCE OF DELPHINIUM (Delphinium ajacis (L.) Schur.) PLANTS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SALICYLIC ACID TREATMENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-91
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Greenhouse experiments were conducted during the two successive winter seasons of (2016 – 2017) and (2017- 2018) in order to enhance the performance of Delphinium plants under drought stress conditions and the possibility of enhancing vegetative growth, flowering growth, and chemical composition. Experiments were designed as a split-plot based on randomized complete block with three replications in a private commercial nursery in Damanhour City, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The experiments were conducted by applying foliar applications of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 0, 1250 and 2500 ppm and salicylic acid (SA) at 0, 100 and 200 ppm. The vegetative, root and flowering growth and chemical composition of Delphinium plants grown under drought stress were examined. The obtained results of the two seasons revealed that either SA or H2O2 treatments caused significant increase in growth parameters and chemical composition of Delphinium plants compare to control plants. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 100 ppm was more effective in increasing vegetative, root and flowering growth, and photosynthesis parameters, followed by H2O2 at a concentration of 1250 ppm compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, H2O2 at a concentration of 2500 ppm was more effective in increasing total phenols and H2O2 content in leaves.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Management and Maize Straw Return Modulate Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Sweet Corn

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
Wenjia Lu ◽  
Yuliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Ear Number

Nitrogen fertilizer is an important component of crop production; however, its excessive application could result in N loss that could have serious environmental concerns. Straw incorporation in the soil after crop harvest is one of the most feasible straw management techniques, however, the optimization of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management and maize straw incorporation to modulate the crop yield and to maintain N balance in sweet corn is necessary to get better yields on a sustained basis. The present study was comprised of two straw management treatments i.e., (i) no straw return (S0), and (ii) incorporation of crushed corn ears by into the soil using rotary tiller (S100) and four N fertilizer management treatments i.e., (i) common farmer practice with total N applied at 300 kg ha−1 with 50%, 5%, 30%, and 15% splits at basal, 3-leaf stage (V3), at hilling stage (V8) and at tasseling/flowering stage (RT), respectively (FM); (ii) application of total N at 225 kg ha−1 with 40%, 10% and 50% at basal, 3-leaf stage (V3) and at hilling stage (V8), respectively (OMI); (iii) application of total N at 150 kg ha−1 with 40%, 10% and 50% at basal, 3-leaf stage (V3), and at hilling stage (V8), respectively (OMII); and (iv) the treatment without any fertilizer application (N0). The hybrid sweet corn cultivar ‘Yuetian 28’ was grown during the spring and autumn growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. The results showed that the N management treatments substantially improved the fresh ear yield, ear number and ear weight, partial factor productivity from nitrogen (PFPN), recovery efficiency from nitrogen (REN), and agronomic efficiency from nitrogen (AEN). Compared with FM, the OMI and OMII treatments significantly increased the AEN and PFPN whilst decreased the apparent N loss, however, the fresh ear yield, ear number and ear weight in OMI treatment were found to be statistically similar (p ˃ 0.05) to FM. Moreover, the S100 treatment did not affect the fresh ear yield and yield components significantly. Overall, straw return combined with an optimized N fertilizer application could improve the yield of sweet corn on a sustained basis with minimum and/or negligible N loss.

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