scholarly journals Physicochemical, Rheological, and Morphological Characteristics of Products from Traditional and Extrusion Nixtamalization Processes and Their Relation to Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Martín Enríquez-Castro ◽  
Patricia Isabel Torres-Chávez ◽  
Benjamín Ramírez-Wong ◽  
Armando Quintero-Ramos ◽  
Ana Irene Ledesma-Osuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical, rheological, and morphological characteristics of corn, nixtamalized flour, masa, and tortillas from the traditional nixtamalization process (TNP) and the extrusion nixtamalization process (ENP) and their relationship with starch. The traditional and extrusion processes were carried out using the same variety of corn. From both processes, samples of ground corn, nixtamalized flour, masa, and tortillas were obtained. The extrusion process produced corn flour with particle sizes smaller (particle size index, PSI = 51) than that of flour produced by the traditional nixtamalization process (PSI = 44). Masa from the TNP showed higher modulus of elasticity (G′) and viscosity (G″) values than that off masa from the ENP. Furthermore, in a temperature sweep test, masa from the TNP showed a peak in G′ and G″, while the masa from the ENP did not display these peaks. The ENP-produced tortillas had higher resistant starch contents and comparable firmness and rollability to those from the TNP but lower quality parameter values. A comparison of the products’ physicochemical properties obtained by the two processes shows the importance of controlling the damage to starch during the milling and extrusion processes to obtain tortillas of better quality. For the first time, we propose the measurement of the viscoelastic parameters G′ and G″ in temperature sweep mode to monitor changes in the degree of starch damage.

scholarly journals Nutrient, pH, Alkalinity, and Ionic Property Levels in Runoff Containment Basins in Alabama, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, and Virginia Ornamental Plant Nurseries

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren E. Copes ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Patricia A. Richardson ◽  
Bruk E. Belayneh ◽  
Andrew Ristvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Parameter Values

Nine runoff containment basins (RCBs), used directly or indirectly for irrigating plants in ornamental plant nurseries, and one adjacent stream were sampled for water quality between Feb. and July 2013 in Maryland (MD), Mississippi (MS), and Virginia (VA). Triplicate water samples were taken monthly. Analysis was done for 18 water quality variables including nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) and total-phosphorus (T-P), potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, aluminum, boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese, zinc (Zn), pH, total alkalinity (T-Alk), electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium. Additionally, 15 RCBs from 10 nurseries in Alabama (AL), Louisiana (LA), and MS were sampled in 2014 and 2016. Most prevalent correlations (P = 0.01) were between macronutrients, EC, B, Fe, and Zn, but none were prevalent across a majority of RCBs. Water quality parameter values were mostly present at low to preferred levels in all 25 waterways. Macronutrient levels were highest for a RCB that receives fertility from fertigation derived runoff. Water pH ranged from acidic to alkaline (>8). Results of this study show water quality in RCBs can be suitable for promoting plant health in ornamental plant nurseries, but also shows levels will vary between individual RCBs, therefore demonstrates need to verify water quality from individual water sources.

Découverte d’une nouvelle population de Rhithrogena delphinensis Sowa & Degrange, 1987, dans le massif des Arves, et compléments à la description de la larve (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Bertrand Launay ◽  
Julien Barnasson ◽  
Juliette Becquet ◽  
Michel Brulin ◽  
Sophie Cauvy-Fraunie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Northern Flank ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Existing Data

Discovery of a new population of Rhithrogena delphinensis Sowa & Degrange, 1987, in the Arves Massif, and additions to the morphological description of the larva (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Rhithrogena delphinensis, described originally on the basis of four larvae from the Western Alps, south of the Arves Massif and from the northern flank of the Ecrins Massif, had not been captured again since 1986. Here, we report the discovery of a new population from river Arvan, whose drainage basin is located between the Grandes Rousses Massif and the northern flank of the Arves Massif. This newly discovered population seems abundant in numbers, and reveals the particular ecological requirements of the species as well as its dependence on glacier fed or nival streams. The morphological characteristics of the larvae are described in detail, and illustrated by photographs. The variability of some of the proposed identification criteria is discussed, and a key to the identification of the Rhithrogena species from the alpestris group of the Western Alps, to which R. delphinensis belongs, is provided. Finally, a portion of 658 base pairs of the COI gene of R. delphinensis is sequenced for the first time and compared to already existing data on the alpestris group in the Western Alps.

Coronary artery myogenic response in a genetic model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (6) ◽  
pp. H2244-H2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik H. Petersen ◽  
Jonathan Choy ◽  
Brian Stauffer ◽  
Farzad Moien-Afshari ◽  
Christian Aalkjaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Myogenic Tone ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Myogenic Response ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pressure Myograph ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

Hypertrophic cardiac myopathy (HCM) is the leading cause of mortality in young athletes. Abnormalities in small intramural coronary arteries have been observed at autopsy in such subjects. The walls of these intramural vessels, especially in the ventricular septum, are thickened, and the lumen frequently appears narrowed. Whether these morphological characteristics have functional correlates is unknown. We studied coronary myogenic tone in a transgenic mouse model of HCM that has mutations in the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain gene. This transgenic mouse has a cardiac phenotype that resembles that occurring in humans. We examined the possible vascular contributions to the pathology of HCM. Septal arteries from 3- and 11-mo-old wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice were studied on a pressure myograph. The myogenic response to increased intravascular pressure in older animals was significantly reduced [maximal constriction: 32 ± 4% (TG) and 46 ± 4% (WT), P < 0.05]. After inhibition of endothelin receptors with bosentan, both WT and TG mice had similar increases in myogenic constriction. The sensitivity to exogenous endothelin was significantly reduced in TG mice, suggesting that the reduced myogenic constriction in HCM was due to reduced receptor sensitivity. In conclusion, we show for the first time that 1) myogenic tone in the coronary septal artery of the mouse is regulated by a basal release of endothelin, and 2) pressure-induced myogenic activation is attenuated in HCM, possibly consequent to a reduction in endothelin responsiveness. The associated reduction in coronary vasodilatory reserve may increase susceptibility to ischemia and arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DERELİ ◽  
S. TÜRK ÇULHA ◽  
M. ÇULHA ◽  
B. H. ÖZALP ◽  
A. A. TEKİNAY
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin 1791 was investigated from April 2013 to March 2014 in the Dardanelles Strait, to outline the morphological characteristics, reproductive patterns and the relationship between population characteristics and environmental parameters. Between 15 and 30 individuals of this species were sampled monthly from three stations. There was a negative allometry between length and weight, being gutted weight the most reliable measurement for this species. Reproductive patterns of the species were identified the first time for Turkish coasts. By macroscopic examination of the gonads, smallest sizes (gutted length) were measured as 8.4 and 8.1 cm for female and male, respectively. Sex ratio was calculated as 1: 1.1 with differences between seasons. The reproduction of sea cucumbers occurred between August and September after Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) values reached their maximum in July. The species was found down to 10 m depth with a population density of 0.21 / m2, which was rather low compared to previously reported values for Mediterranean populations of this species. There was a high positive correlation between population density and GSI of the species. The highest population density was observed where the largest sea grass meadows are found.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of genus Phloeophila (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Marco Marcelo Jiménez ◽  
Leisberth Alexis Vélez-Abarca ◽  
Luis Enrique Baquero ◽  
Carlos James Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The orchid genus Phloeophila is distributed from southern Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia, as well as Cuba. A taxonomic revision including the three Phloeophila species present in Ecuador is presented. Morphological characteristics, an identification key, maps of known localities and illustrations of the species are also included. In Ecuador, species of Phloeophila are only known from the Amazonian rainforests, growing from 890 to 1600 meters of altitude. Phloeophila condorana is described as a new species based on specimens collected in the Ecuadorian province of Zamora-Chinchipe and compared to Phloeophila nummularia. Phloeophila nummularia is reported for the first time in Peru. A lectotype for Pleurothallis echinantha is selected.

scholarly journals New Balkan records of Bombus subterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) and Bombus cryptarum (Fabricius 1775) from Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Th. Anagnostopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Records ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Vicia Cracca ◽  
First Time

From the study of the Greek bumblebee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini), species lists have been published based on both literature records and original data from collected bees. Since 1995 a special effort to confirm with newly collected bees all bumblebee species reported in literature records for Greece has been in progress. Although numerous specimens have been collected and examined and in some instances yielding new Bombus species for the Greek insect fauna, some species, mainly those reported in older references, have not yet been found. Recently, identification of bumblebees collected in the Florina Prefecture - Northwest Macedonia, during the years 2006 and 2007 yielded information for two “literature cited” species, Bombus subterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) and Bombus cryptarum (Fabricius 1775). A B. subterraneus queen (collected at 40°47´38N, 21°26´10E on Vicia cracca) was distinguished by morphological characteristics and a worker B. cryptarum (collected at 40°41´58,7N, 21°28´18,5E on Echium spp) was revealed using mitochondrial DNA RFLP analysis of the CO1 gene. These new records from Florina are provided with comments, confirming the species presence in Greece for the first time after approximately 40 years.

scholarly journals Nematodes of Cithariniella (Pharyngodonidae) from freshwater fishes in Senegal, with a key to species

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Koubková ◽  
V. Baruš ◽  
I. Hodová
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Oral Aperture ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
First Time

AbstractThree nematode species of Cithariniella (Pharyngodonidae), C. citharini, C. khalili, and C. gonzalesi, were recorded from the recta of squeaker (Mochokidae: Siluriformes) and citharinid (Citharinidae: Characiformes) fishes from Senegal, West Africa. Morphological characteristics obtained by scanning electron microscopy (form of oral aperture and cephalic papillae, presence of lateral alae, distribution and form of cloacal papillae, simple or paired papillae on tail of males, eggs with numerous long filaments on each pole in females) correspond well to the generic diagnosis and represent species differences. The shape and size of the cephalic papillae and lips were identified as a new determination feature. C. gonzalesi is reported for the first time from Senegal and its host, Paradistichodus dimidiatus, represents a new host record. A tentative simple key for differentiating C. citharini, C. khalili, C. gonzalesi and C. petterae is provided based upon these results.

Prediction of Cutting Force in Bone Cutting Using Finite Element Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varatharajan Prasannavenkadesan ◽  
Ponnusamy Pandithevan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
First Time

Abstract In orthopedic surgery, bone cutting is an indispensable procedure followed by the surgeons to treat the fractured and fragmented bones. Because of the unsuitable parameter values used in the cutting processes, micro crack, fragmentation, and thermal osteonecrosis of bone are observed. Therefore, prediction of suitable cutting force is essential to subtract the bone without any adverse effect. In this study, the Cowper-Symonds model for bovine bone was developed for the first time. Then the developed model was coupled with the finite element analysis to predict the cutting force. To determine the model constants, tensile tests with different strain rates (10−5/s, 10−4/s, 10−3/s, and 1/s) were conducted on the cortical bone specimens. The developed material model was implemented in the bone cutting simulation and validated with the experiments.

FIRST RECORD ON HOST PLANTS AND TAXONOMICAL DESCRIPTION ON Aptopus opata (ELATERIDAE: CARDIOPHORINAE: CARDIOPHORINI) FROM SINDH PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Shabana Mangi
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Lateral Lobe ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Record ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
South Central ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
First Time

Aptopus Eschscholtz is a native of the Mexico sonar light trap Huachuca Mountain of south central Arizona. This species has been first time observed from district Khairpur Sindh province of Pakistan from (March 2018 to October 2019), these observation represent first record of this species from Sindh or Pakistan. This description and illustrations are provided for easy identification, they cause significant damage to crops, they are pest species and omnivores feeder, especially on maize crops, potatoes, tomatoes and germinating seeds, weeds and small grasses overall in worldwide, its larva is yellowish to brown in color, from damage use the granules insecticides at planting time will prevent from wireworm, Aptopus opata is a differ from the closely allied species on the basis of genitalial and morphological characteristics body lengthened, dark brown to blackish with densely punctuations, prontal angles lengthened, pointed, scutellum blackish spot like, legs lengthened, aedeagus wider than longer, base broader, lateral lobe parameres slightly bigonal, with have golden hairs, at apex, median lobe parameres, broad at basal, rapidly narrowing apically, hairs like structure view from the ventral aspects.

scholarly journals Baking Effect on Resistant Starch Digestion from Composite Bread Produced with Partial Wheat Flour Substitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rafael Grassi de Alcântara ◽  
Heidge Fukumasu ◽  
Paulo Cesar Fabricio Raspantini ◽  
Leonila Ester Reinert Raspantini ◽  
Caroline Joy Steel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Green Banana

The consumption of composite flour, such as green banana and corn flour, is related to maintain stable blood glucose levels, due to high resistant starch levels. However, most of these studies have conducted analyses of unprocessed food such as flour. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of baking on resistant starch concentration and digestion from bread produced with partial wheat flour substitution. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate bread physical-chemical characteristics, and then, sensorial and nutritional qualities of the bread were evaluated. The feasibility of incorporating 40% of corn flour was demonstrated, while incorporation of 20% produced bread with similar characteristics to the control; for green banana flour, these levels were 20 and 10%, respectively. Resistant starch levels of composite breads were also enhanced by in vitro analyses. On the other hand, in vivo blood glucose levels evidenced that the ingestion of breads produced with partial wheat flour substitution by green banana or corn flour promoted a more important peak in blood glucose levels in comparison with control bread, which was never previously presented in the literature. Bread ingestion rapidly increased the blood glucose levels of rats; once during the baking process, starch granules become gelatinized and therefore easily digestible. Furthermore, this study also highlighted the lack and need for future investigation of wheat flour-substituted baked goods, in order to better understand mechanical properties formation and also product digestibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document