scholarly journals Dynamic Mechanical, Dielectrical, and Rheological Analysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Bitenieks ◽  
Remo Merijs Meri ◽  
Janis Zicans ◽  
Krisjanis Buks
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
And Storage

The polyethylene terephthalate/carbon nanotube (PET/CNT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing using a twin screw extruder. CNT content was varied up to 5 wt. %. Morphology as well as dynamic mechanical, calorimetric, and rheological properties of the PET/CNT nanocomposites was investigated. Morphological studies indicated that CNT bundles are regularly distributed within the polymer matrix creating a connected network structure which significantly affects the nanocomposite properties. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis revealed increase in storage and loss modules of the investigated PET nanocomposites by increasing the content of CNTs. Differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated increase in crystallinity of the investigated PET nanocomposites upon addition of the nanofiller. Rheological studies demonstrated that CNT addition up to 5 wt. % caused increment in complex viscosity and storage modulus. Rheological percolation threshold was observed to be 0.83 wt. % of CNT concentration, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterizations of Polypropylene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Prepared by the Novel Melt Processing Technique with a Controlled Residence Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Dongho Kang ◽  
Sungwook Hwang ◽  
Bichnam Jung ◽  
Jinkie Shim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Twin Screw

Melt processing is considered one of the favored techniques to produce polymer nanocomposites with various inorganic fillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their superior conductivity and tensile properties, among others, CNTs have been applied in broad applications. When a low filler fraction is desired, a high degree of dispersion is required in order to benefit from the intrinsic properties of CNTs. However, due to their high cohesive energy, dispersing CNTs in polymer melts is a difficult task. This study employed the melt mixing technique with a controlled residence time of 20 min to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into a polypropylene matrix. The composites were prepared by using a corotating twin-screw extruder equipped with a back-conveying element with varying amounts of SWNTs from 0.29 to 6.56 wt.%. Mechanical, electrical, morphological, and rheological properties were evaluated. Due to the filler effect, storage, loss modulus, and complex viscosity increased with the SWNT content. Based on the van Gurp–Palmen plot, 0.29 wt.% SWNTs was the rheological percolation threshold, and the electrical property measurement revealed a 1.4 wt.% SWNT electrical percolation threshold based on the statistical percolation theory. Relatively large agglomerates were found when the SWNT content increased more than 1.28 wt.%.

scholarly journals Polyamide 6/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blend-Based Nanocomposites with Enhanced Rigidity: Selective Localization of Carbon Nanotube and Organoclay

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Ming Lin ◽  
Kartik Behera ◽  
Mithilesh Yadav ◽  
Fang-Chyou Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Polyamide 6 (PA6)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend-based nanocomposites were successfully prepared using a twin screw extruder. Carbon nanotube (CNT) and organo-montmorillonite (30B) were used individually and simultaneously as reinforcing nanofillers for the immiscible PA6/PVDF blend. Scanning electron micrographs showed that adding 30B reduced the dispersed domain size of PVDF in the blend, and CNT played a vital role in the formation of a quasi-co-continuous PA6-PVDF morphology. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that both fillers were mainly located in the PA6 matrix phase. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the presence of 30B facilitated the formation of γ-form PA6 crystals in the composites. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the crystallization temperature of PA6 increased after adding CNT into the blend. The inclusion of 30B retarded PA6 nucleation (γ-form crystals growth) upon crystallization. The Young’s and flexural moduli of the blend increased after adding CNT and/or 30B. 30B exhibited higher enhancing efficiency compared with CNT. The composite with 2 phr 30B exhibited 21% higher Young’s modulus than the blend. Measurements of the rheological properties confirmed the development of a pseudo-network structure in the CNT-loaded composites. Double percolation morphology in the PA6/PVDF blend was achieved with the addition of CNT.

Evaluation of mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube-based ethylene–propylene copolymer composites mixed by masterbatch dilution

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (29) ◽  
pp. 4093-4101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Hoikkanen ◽  
Minna Poikelispää ◽  
Amit Das ◽  
Uta Reuter ◽  
Wilma Dierkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Mixing Method

A two-step masterbatch mixing technique was studied for preparation of carbon nanotube-filled ethylene–propylene diene elastomer compounds, and compared to conventional one-step mixing process. In the two-step process, a masterbatch compound with carbon nanotube content of 50 parts per hundred was prepared by melt-mixing ethylene–propylene diene elastomer. This material was then compounded with pristine ethylene–propylene diene elastomer and composites with different carbon nanotube concentrations were compared. The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of two different mixing processes on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes and to facilitate the handling of carbon nanotubes, as the masterbatch can be prepared in a controlled way and used for further dilution without the problems related to carbon nanotube processing. The compound properties were studied with emphasis on mechanical characterization and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Masterbatch mixing resulted in the similar mechanical properties of the composites compared to the direct mixing method. At the relatively low loadings of carbon nanotubes, the considerable improvements of the mechanical properties were observed. The aspect ratio of the carbon nanotubes determined by transmission electron microscope was found to be similar to the one calculated from the Guth equation. It showed a considerable reduction in aspect ratio independent of the used mixing method.

scholarly journals The Comprehensive Approach to Preparation and Investigation of the Eu3+ Doped Hydroxyapatite/poly(L-lactide) Nanocomposites: Promising Materials for Theranostics Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szyszka ◽  
Sara Targonska ◽  
Malgorzata Gazinska ◽  
Konrad Szustakiewicz ◽  
Rafal J. Wiglusz
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
The One ◽  
Properties Of Composites

In response to the need for new materials for theranostics application, the structural and spectroscopic properties of composites designed for medical applications, received in the melt mixing process, were evaluated. A composite based on medical grade poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) doped with Eu3+ ions was obtained by using a twin screw extruder. Pure calcium Hap, as well as the one doped with Eu3+ ions, was prepared using the precipitation method and then used as a filler. XRPD (X-ray Powder Diffraction) and IR (Infrared) spectroscopy were applied to investigate the structural properties of the obtained materials. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) was used to assess the Eu3+ ion content on phase transitions in PLLA. The tensile properties were also investigated. The excitation, emission spectra as well as decay time were measured to determine the spectroscopic properties. The simplified Judd–Ofelt (J-O) theory was applied and a detailed analysis in connection with the observed structural and spectroscopic measurements was made and described.

scholarly journals Dynamic Mechanical Moduli of Residual Softwood-Filled Polystyrene

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abdel-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Plate Geometry

Residual softwood sawdust (RSS) was added to polystyrene (PS) that has molecular weight 280000 g/mol. The PS composite was prepared by melt mixing technique. The dynamic mechanical tests are carried out using ARES-rheometer (Rheometric Scientific, USA) in the dynamic mode and parallel plate geometry with diameter 25 mm. The measurements were performed at temperatures ranging from 140 to 240°C and frequencies varied from 0.1 to 100 rad/s at strain 1% and gap setting 2 mm. The dynamic mechanical properties in terms of complex modulus, G*, torque, compliance moduli, loss tangent and complex viscosity has been studied for fiber-filled PS composite. The viscoelastic properties of the filled and unfilled systems have been compared. These properties are found to be improved by the addition of RSS. The dynamic mechanical moduli and viscosity were found to rise with fiber loading. 

scholarly journals Crystallization and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/continuous carbon fiber/metallocene polypropylene composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Tan ◽  
Xiuxue Guo ◽  
Hao Tan ◽  
Qinglu Zhang ◽  
Changheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Metallocene Catalyst ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Abstract In this work, a high fluidity polypropylene prepared with the metallocene catalyst (mPP) was used as matrix, carbon nanotube (CNT) and continuous carbon fiber (CCF) were added to prepare composites, and their mechanical properties, melting and crystallization behavior were investigated. In the mechanical properties, the effects of tension force in the preparation process and compatibilizer maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the tensile strength of the composites were researched. The results show that the tensile strength of the composites increases first and then decreases with the increase of tractive force. In addition, the melting and crystallization behaviors and dynamic mechanical behaviors of mPP, CNT/mPP and CNT/CCF/mPP composites were characterized and studied by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The results show that the melting point (Tm ), crystallization temperature (Tc ) and storage modulus (E') of CNT/mPP are all increased by adding 1wt% CNT, especially the Tc is increased by 8.8 ºC. It shows that after CNT was added to mPP as inorganic carbon material, it plays a prominent role in heterogeneous nucleation. After CCF was composited with CNT/mPP, the composites with CCF content of 30 and 42wt% were prepared, and their Tm , Tc , crystallinity (Xc ) and E' were all improved, especially E' was greatly improved, such as the initial E' was increased by 5.64 and 11.74 times. Even at the end of the curve, the E' of the composites with CF is still significantly higher than that of mPP and CNT/mPP. It indicates that adding CCF will greatly improved the deformation resistance and load deformation temperature of mPP.

scholarly journals Novel Biobased Polyamide 410/Polyamide 6/CNT Nanocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itziar Otaegi ◽  
Nora Aramburu ◽  
Alejandro Müller ◽  
Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Good Dispersion ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Potential Applications

Biobased polyamide 410 (PA410)/multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites (NCs) were obtained by melt-mixing in a twin screw extruder a Polyamide 6 (PA6)-based masterbatch (with 15 wt % CNT content) with neat PA410. Directly mixed PA410/CNT NCs were also obtained for comparison purposes. Transmision Electronic Microscopy (TEM) observation and conductivity measurements demonstrated that a good dispersion of CNTs was obtained, which was probably induced by the full miscibility between PA410 and PA6 (in the concentration range employed here), as ascertained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests. As a result, the PA410/PA6/CNT NCs showed superior mechanical behaviour (≈10% Young’s modulus increase with a 4 wt % CNT content) than the binary PA410/CNT NCs (≈5% Young’s modulus increase with a 6 wt % CNT content), as well as superior electrical behaviour, with maximum conductivity values of approximately three orders of magnitude higher than in the binary PA410/CNT system, and lower percolation threshold values (0.65 wt % CNT content vs. 3.98 wt % CNT). The good dispersion and enhanced mechanical and electrical properties of these novel biobased nanocomposites, broadens their potential applications, such as electrical and electronics (E&E) or automotive industries.

Ultrasound-assisted melt mixing for the preparation of UHMWPE/OMMT nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Liang ◽  
Yin Xiaochun ◽  
He Guangjian ◽  
Feng Yanhong ◽  
Qu Jinping
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Onset Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Extensional Deformation ◽  
X Ray

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared via a self-made vane mixer which could supply a synergy of ultrasound and extensional deformation. Structure and working principle of this novel mixer were illustrated in detail. Effects of the OMMT content, mixing time, and ultrasound treat time on composites’ morphology, rheological properties, and thermal properties were reported in terms of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM showed that the OMMT lay spacing increased from 2.82 nm to 3.29 nm and OMMT dispersed evenly in the matrix using this novel melt mixing equipment. It certified that the melt mixing procedure synergized by ultrasound and extensional deformation was very effective in the exfoliation of silicate layers and also the filler distribution and dispersion. DSC measurements revealed that the crystallization temperature ( Tc) had no visible change with increasing the OMMT content and the melting temperature ( Tm) and melting enthalpy crystallinity ( Xc) increased with the proper OMMT content. The higher Tm and Xc showed with the proper ultrasound treatment time, however, the Tc had no visible change. TGA showed that the onset temperature at which 20% weight loss of the material increased markedly in the case of UHMWPE/OMMT-1 wt% nanocomposite. The onset temperature slightly decreased with the use of ultrasound. Rheological analyses showed that all the samples exhibited non-Newtonian and shear thinning characteristics. Both the storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with continuous addition of the OMMT layers. It also indicated that the introduction of ultrasound tended to decrease the storage modulus and complex viscosity. Universal tensile test indicated that superior tensile strength occurred in samples containing OMMT layers.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

scholarly journals The Effect of Surface Treatment with Isocyanate and Aromatic Carbodiimide of Thermally Expanded Vermiculite Used as a Functional Filler for Polylactide-Based Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Radosław Biskup ◽  
Joanna Szulc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Phenyl Isocyanate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Expanded Vermiculite ◽  
Chain Extenders

In this work, thermally expanded vermiculite (TE-VMT) was surface modified and used as a filler for composites with a polylactide (PLA) matrix. Modification of vermiculite was realized by simultaneous ball milling with the presence of two PLA chain extenders, aromatic carbodiimide (KI), and 4,4’-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI). In addition to analyzing the particle size of the filler subjected to processing, the efficiency of mechanochemical modification was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composites of PLA with three vermiculite types were prepared by melt mixing and subjected to mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, and structural evaluation. The structure of composites containing a constant amount of the filler (20 wt%) was assessed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis supplemented by evaluating the final injection-molded samples’ physicochemical properties. Mechanical behavior of the composites was assessed by static tensile test and impact strength hardness measurements. Heat deflection temperature (HDT) test and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMTA) were applied to evaluate the influence of the filler addition and its functionalization on thermomechanical properties of PLA-based composites. Thermal properties were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The use of filler-reactive chain extenders (CE) made it possible to change the vermiculite structure and obtain an improvement in interfacial adhesion and more favorable filler dispersions in the matrix. This translated into an improvement in impact strength and an increase in thermo-mechanical stability and heat release capacity of composites containing modified vermiculites.

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