scholarly journals Action Mechanism of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Used to Treat Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yusni Yusni ◽  
Firdalena Meutia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Objective. Rosella is a safe medicinal herb used by people in Indonesia. They believe that rosella is effective in controlling metabolic syndrome, working with antihypertension, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia and antiobesity effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rosella in controlling metabolic syndrome through the secretion of blood nitric oxide (NO) and the cortisol pathway. Methods. This study was a quasiexperimental, pretest-posttest with control group design. The total subjects were 18 people, women, and the elderly. Subjects were selected randomly into 2 groups: control group (n = 8) and treatment group (n = 8). The treatment was rosella tea, a dose of 2 grams, duration 2 times a day, given in the morning (08.00–8.30 a.m.) and evening (06.30–7.00 p.m.) after meals for 21 days. Examination of NO and cortisol levels was carried out using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results. There was a significant decrease in bodyweight (BW) (p=0.021), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.049), glucose preprandial (FPG) (p=0.014), total cholesterol (CT) (p=0.001), triglycerides (TGs) (p=0.014), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.010) after consuming rosella. NO levels were significantly increased (p=0.012), whereas cortisol levels decreased significantly (p=0.008) after therapy with rosella tea in elderly women. Conclusion. Rosella has shown evidence to control and lower blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, and cortisol in the elderly with metabolic syndrome. Rosella is a traditional medicine that has the potential to be developed as a therapy for metabolic syndrome patients.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Hypertension among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 192-198
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

Background and Objective: Marital Reducing stressors is an effective way to decrease blood pressure and its other associated symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on metabolic syndrome among patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: This experimental research was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. A total number of 50 cardiovascular patients referring to Shahrekord Cohort Study, Shahrekord, Iran, in 2019 were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=25 each). Metabolic syndrome indices, including blood pressure, blood sugar, glucose triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, were used to collect the required data. All groups received the same standard medications under the supervision of an interventional cardiologist. In addition to the standard medical treatment, the experimental group received the intervention of MBSR (eight 90-minute sessions). The control group did not receive any non-pharmacological intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that MBSR was effective in improving metabolic syndrome symptoms in cardiovascular patients with hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusions: The employment of MBSR along with medical and pharmacological treatments could help cardiovascular disease patients to improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Teh Buah Mengkudu Dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Lansia Dengan Hipertensi (Studi di UPTD. Griya Werdha Kota Surabaya Tahun 2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Arum Reyan Safitri ◽  
Rita Ismawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Background: Hypertension is the silent disease which a person will not know if he has increased blood pressure. The incidence rate of hypertension is very high especially in the elderly population over 60 years. Hypertension management can be done in pharmacological ways such as medicines and can use natural ingredients in lowering blood pressure that is by utilizing the noni fruit.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Noni fruit tea in lowering elderly blood pressure with hypertensionMethod: This research was quasy experimental throug with Pretest-Postest Control Group Design design. Determination of research sample by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample of the study was 34 respondents divided into two groups. Intervention of Noni fruit tea given as much as 5 gram for 30 days with frequency of giving 2 times a day in the morning and afternoon. Blood pressuremeasurement was performed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study. Data were analysed using wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test.Result: Mann Whitney test results showed that there was significant effect after the intervention of noni fruit tea in treatment group compared with control group with systolic blood pressure value (p =0.000171) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.000480) with α = 0.05Conclusions: Blood pressure in the treatment group after the intervention of noni fruit tea decreased blood pressure compared with the control group. It is Suggested of research, need to do periodic nutrition education and giving noni fruit tea as alternative medicine that effectively decrease hypertension, scheduled.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Hipertensi merupakan the silent disease dimana seseorang tidak akan mengetahui jika dirinya mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah. Angka insiden hipertensi sangat tinggi terutama pada populasi lanjut usia diatas 60 tahun. Penatalaksaan hipertensi dapat dilakukan dengan cara farmakologis seperti obat-obatan serta dapat menggunakan bahan alami dalam menurunkan tekanan darah yaitu dengan memanfaatkan buah mengkudu.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektifitas teh buah mengkudu dalam menurunkan tekanan darah lansia dengan hipertensiMetode : Penelitian ini bersifat quasy eksperimental dengan desain Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. Penentuan sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 34 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Intervensi teh buah mengkudu diberikan sebanyak 5 gram selama 30 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian 2 kali sehari pada pagi dan sore hari. Pengukuran tekanan darah darah dilakukan pada awal penelitian dan di akhir penelitian. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney.Hasil : Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan sesudah intervensi teh buah mengkudu pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai tekanan darah sistolik (p=0.000171) dan tekanan darah diastolik (p=0,000480) dengan α=0.05Kesimpulan : Tekanan darah pada kelompok perlakuan susudah intervensi teh buah mengkudu mengalami penurunan tekanan darah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Saran penelitian, perlu dilakukan pendidikan gizi secara berkala dan pemberian teh buah mengkudu sebagai obat alternatif yang efektif menurunkan hipertensi, secara terjadwal.

Down-regulation of S100A1 protein in patients with metabolic syndrome and its association with zinc-α2-glycoprotein

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Ebrahimi ◽  
Sorayya Kheirouri ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Equivalent Number

Objectives It has been proposed that zinc-α2-glycoprotein and S100A1 are possibly linked to the development of lipogenesis and obesity. We aimed to measure serum levels of S100A1 and zinc-α2-glycoprotein in patients with metabolic syndrome and investigate any associations of these two novel peptides with each other or components of metabolic syndrome. Methods Forty-four patients with metabolic syndrome and the equivalent number of healthy controls participated in this study. The participants’ body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Serum levels of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, insulin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein and S100A1 protein were determined. Results Higher levels of anthropometric and lipid indices, metabolic factors and also SBP and DBP were observed in the metabolic syndrome group. Serum S100A1 levels were significantly lower in the metabolic syndrome group than the control group ( P = 0.008). There was a strong positive correlation between serum zinc-α2-glycoprotein and S100A1 levels ( r = 0.80, P < 0.0001). Serum levels of both S100A1 ( P = 0.03) and zinc-α2-glycoprotein ( P = 0.02) were potentially higher in subjects with hypertension than those with normal blood pressure, though these were found as part of multiple testing. Conclusion The results indicate that changes in the circulating level of S100A1 protein occur in metabolic syndrome patients. The strong correlation between serum zinc-α2-glycoprotein and S100A1 might suggest that production or release of these two proteins could be related mechanistically.

scholarly journals Serum adropin levels in psoriasis vulgaris and its relation with metabolic parameters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SELMA KORKMAZ ◽  
GÜLBEN SAYILAN ÖZGÜN
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group

Background/aim: Adropin is a peptide-structure hormone that plays a role in preventing the development of insulin resistance, which has been linked to obesity and metabolic regulation. The purpose of this study is to assess serum adropin levels and their relationship with metabolic parameters in psoriasis vulgaris patients both with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Fifty-three patients and twenty-six healthy controls were included in this study. Serum adropin levels, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of all participants were analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum adropin levels. Results: Serum adropin levels in psoriatic patients without MetS were 2.94±0.56 ng/ml, in psoriasis patients with MetS were 2.49±0.77 ng/ml and were 3.37±0.71 ng/ml in control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate adropin decreases in psoriasis patients as an independent predictor in terms of the presence of MetS. Conclusion: The serum levels of adropin in psoriasis patients were significantly lower in the presence of MetS, and this decrease was more prominent than in those without MetS. Adropin may be a responsible factor for metabolic disorders and the development of MetS in psoriasis patients. Key words: Psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, adropin

An investigation of the association between lipoxin A4 levels and metabolic syndrome parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lipoxin A4 ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Age And Sex

Aim: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a significant public health problem and has the potential to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the risk of stroke and the risk of a heart attack. MS has recently been considered an inflammatory disease. Lipoxins (LXs) are, on the other hand, bioactive lipid molecules synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) and show potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities in vivo and in vitro conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum levels of LXA4 in MS patients and explore the relationship of serum LXA4 levels with MS components [waist circumference, blood pressure, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels]. Material and Method: In this study, the sample was composed of 39 patients diagnosed with MS and 32 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. We measured serum LXA4 levels adopting the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with “Human Lipoxin A4 ELISA Kit”. While collecting the blood samples from the subjects, we noted their ages, sex, physical examination findings, and anthropometric measurements [height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI)]. Additionally, we obtained their serum TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, glucose, and cholesterol levels. Results: While we could not find any significant differences between the groups by age and sex (p>0.05), the groups significantly differed by weight, waist circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TG, HDL, and FBG (p<0.05 for TG; p<0.001 for others). Moreover, serum levels of LXA4 significantly differed between the groups (p<0.05). Within-group comparisons showed that while serum levels of LXA4 significantly differed between male subjects (p=0.01), it was not the case for females (p>0.05). In both groups, there were negative correlations between serum LXA4 levels and waist circumference (r=-0.368 p=0.02). Yet, we found such an association only among male patients (r=-0.516 p=0.02). Conclusion: Overall, we found serum LXA4 levels to be significantly low in MS patients (p<0.05). Yet, it still needs to be elucidated whether this impairment is a cause or a result of MS. Finally, we discovered this impairment and its significant correlations with some MS parameters to be only in male patients, suggesting that serum LXA4 levels may vary by sex in MS patients.

Effect of green tea consumption on the metabolic syndrome indices in women: a clinical trial study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemehbanoo Mortazavi ◽  
Zamzam Paknahad ◽  
Akbar Hasanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Content Type

PurposeMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder that exacerbates the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus; some studies have indicated the beneficial effects of green tea on human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of green tea consumption on the MetS indicators in women.Design/methodology/approachA randomized clinical trial was carried out on 70 eligible women with confirmed diagnosis of MetS who visited Shabani Diabetes Clinic (Isfahan, Iran). Participants were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in the Green Tea Group were asked to consume three 200 cc of green tea in the morning, at noon and at night for eight weeks, while people in the control group were asked to take identical amount of lukewarm water at the same schedule. Anthropometric indicators, blood pressure, blood sugar, lipid profile, diet and physical activity were assessed at the beginning and the end of the study.FindingsAn independentt-test showed that weight (p =0.001), body mass index (p =0.001), waist circumference (p< 0.001) and waist–hip ratio (p =0.02), systolic blood pressure (p =0.04), fasting blood glucose (p =0.01) and low density lipoprotein (p =0.03) changed significantly more in the Green Tea Group than in the control group; but no such inter-group difference was observed in diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) values (p> 0.05).Originality/valueRegular consumption of green tea for eight weeks significantly improved anthropometric indices, blood pressure, blood sugar and lipid profile in women with MetS. Therefore, this beverage can serve as part of an effective dietary strategy to control MetS.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kombinasi Aromaterapi Lavender dan Hand Massage Terhadap Perubahan Kecemasan, Tekanan Darah dan Kortisol pada Pasien Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Rizky Asta pramesti Rini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test ◽  
Hand Massage ◽  
Wilcoxon Sign Rank ◽  
Sign Rank Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Anxiety is one of the psychological factors that influence hypertension. One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be given to hypertensive patients is a combination of lavender aromatherapy and hand massage. This study aims to analyze the effect of a combination of lavender aromatherapy and hand massage on changes in anxiety, blood pressure and cortisol levels. Method: This study used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research was conducted at the Sugio Health Center and Kedungpring Health Center, with a sample size of 34 respondents selected by purposive sampling technique, then divided into intervention groups (n = 17) and control groups (n = 17). Data on anxiety levels were collected through the filling of the HARS questionnaire, blood pressure was measured using a digital tensimeter and venous blood was taken for examination of cortisol levels. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign rank test and paired-sample t-test. For differences in anxiety, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, MAP, and cortisol levels, the p-values were 0.004, 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, and 0.04 respectively. With all these variables being different between before and after giving a combination of lavender aromatherapy and hand massage. It can be concluded that the combination of lavender aromatherapy and hand massage can reduce the level of anxiety, blood pressure and cortisol levels in hypertensive patients. Keywords: lavender aromatherapy; hand massage; anxiety; blood pressure ABSTRAK Kecemasan merupakan salah satu faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi hipertensi. Salah satu penatalaksanaan non farmakologis yang dapat diberikan pada pasien hipertensi adalah kombinasi aromaterapi lavender dan hand massage. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi aromaterapi lavender dan hand massage terhadap perubahan kecemasan, tekanan darah dan kadar kortisol. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest-posttest with control group design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Sugio dan Puskesmas Kedungpring, dengan ukuran sampel 34 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling, selanjutnya dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi (n=17) dan kelompok kontrol (n=17). Data tingkat kecemasan dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner HARS, tekanan darah diukur menggunakan tensimeter digital dan darah vena diambil untuk pemeriksaan kadar kortisol. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Wilcoxon sign rank test dan paired-sample t-test. Untuk perbedaan kecemasan, tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, MAP, dan kadar kortisol didapatkan p-value masing-masing adalah 0,004, 0,002, 0,004, 0,006 dan 0,04. Dengan dengan ada perbedaan seluruh variabel tersebut antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian kombinasi aromaterapi lavender dan hand massage. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi aromaterapi lavender dan hand massage dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan, tekanan darah dan kadar kortisol pasien hipertensi. Kata kunci: aromaterapi lavender; hand massage; kecemasan; tekanan darah

scholarly journals Efektifitas Yoga Ketawa terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi Derajat II di Panti Wredha Salib Putih Salatiga

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Nehemia Bangkit Pangestu ◽  
Maria Dyah Kurniasari ◽  
Antonius Tri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
The Difference

<p>Old age is often attacked the cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2012) states that hypertension is one of the most influential risk factors for the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels. High blood pressure continuously increases the burden of the arteries slowly. The arteries undergo hardening process becomes thick and rigid, thus reducing its elasticity. Hypertension can also lead to heart disease because if high blood pressure is left without regular treatment, the heart must pump very strongly to push blood into the arteries, over time the walls of the heart muscle become thicker. An abnormally enlarged heart is an unhealthy heart because the heart becomes stiff and the beat tends to be irregular. This will make pumping less effective and eventually lead to heart failure. Pharmacologic treatment using drugs have the risk of side effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of laughter yoga as non-pharmacological therapy in the elderly with hypertension by measuring the difference in blood pressure before and after being treated laughter yoga. Quantitative experimental research with pretest-posttest with a control group design. The sample used purposive sampling that is 20 elderly that is 10 elderly with treatment and 10 elderly as a control. The instrument was used analog tensimeter. Wilxocon different test results obtained from pre-treatment group of post systole and diastole p-value 0,007 and 0,003. While in control group of pre-post systole and diastole p-value 0,831 and 0,084. Laughter yoga effectively against decreased blood pressure in the elderly with grade 2 hypertension at the Panti Wredha Salib Putih Salatiga.</p>

scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Fruit-Infused Water (Apple, Pineapple, Strawberry, Cucumber) on Blood Pressure and Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Astri Purwanti ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Dono Indarto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Randomized Control

ABSTRACTBackground: Fruit-infused water (FIW) contains antioxidants and potassium as a antihyperglycemic and antihypertension via inhibition or break the chain of radical reaction but has not been proven in patients with MS.Purpose: To evaluate the effects of FIW on blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in patients with MS.Method: This is a Randomized-Control Trial with pre-posttest control group design. 24 patients of Cakranegara Health Center who fulfilled the criteria were randomly divided into control (given counseling only) and treatment (counseling + FIW consists of apple, cucumber, pineapple and strawberry in 250 ml water for 14 days) groups. Blood pressure and FBG were measured before and after intervention. Chi Square was used for descriptive analyze, whereas T-test, Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon was used for differences in means.Result: In the treatment group (n=11), systolic and diastolic mean levels were decreased by 5,4 mmHg (p=0,140) and 0,9 mmHg (p=0,792) respectively. However, FBG levels were increased by 9,2 mg/dL (p=0.929). There were no differences on systolic (p=0,448), diastolic (p=0,835) and FBG (p=0,599) between two groups.Conclusion: FIW consumption are unable to improve blood pressure and FBG levels on metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Fruit-Infused Water, Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood Sugar Level, Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI PERNAPASAN DIAFRAGMA DALAM MENURUNKAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI PRIMER [THE EFFECTS OF DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING RELAXATION TECHNIQUE ON REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY WITH PRIMARY HYPERTENSION]

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Bima Adi Saputra ◽  
Galih Gipta Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Equivalent Control

<p><em>Blood pressure most likely increases with age. If the elderly’s systolic pressure is more than 140 mmHg and their diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg, serious attention is definitely needed to decrease the risk of getting cardiovascular disease in the future. This study aims to determine the effect of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation techniques on reducing blood pressure in the elderly with primary hypertension. This study uses a Quasi Experiment study with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study is the elderly who suffer from primary hypertension and live in a Social Rehabilitation Unit on the Western Indonesia. The sampling technique used in this study was proportionate stratified random sampling, with 15 elderly in the intervention groups and 15 elderly in the control groups. The intervention group was given diaphragmatic breathing relaxation exercises once a day for five days straight, and each exercise lasted for 10-15 minutes. The measurement of blood pressure using a mercury spygmomanometer and a stethoscope was done on the first day before implementing diaphragmatic breathing relaxation techniques and on the fifth day after breathing diaphragm breathing techniques was given. Based on the Mann Whitney test, the Z-score for cystolic blood pressure was -3,932 with a p-value of 0.001, while the Z-score for diastolic blood pressure was -4.019 with a p-value of 0.001. Given that these two p-values are smaller than a (0,05), it can be concluded that there is an influence of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation techniques on blood pressure in the elderly with primary hypertension. Thus, diaphragmatic breathing relaxation technique can be used to improve the elderly’s health, particularly as an alternative intervention to reduce blood pressure.</em></p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: </strong>Seiring pertambahan usia tekanan darah mengalami peningkatan. Jika tekanan sistolik pada lansia mencapai lebih dari 140 mmHg dan diastolik 90 mmHg, maka diperlukan perhatian serius untuk menanganinya karena kondisi ini dapat meningkatkan resiko penyakit kardiovaskular di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Pernafasan Diafragma Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi Primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian <em>Quasi Eksperiment </em>dengan rancangan <em>non equivalent control group design.</em> Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia yang menderita hipertensi primer yang tinggal di satu Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Indonesia Bagian Barat. Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah <em>proportionate stratified random sampling </em>berjumlah 15 lansia kelompok intervensi dan 15 lansia kelompok control. Pada kelompok intervensi diberikan latihan teknik relaksasi pernapasan diafragma satu kali dalam sehari selama lima hari berturut-turut, setiap latihan dilakukan selama 10-15 menit. Pengukuran tekanan darah menggunakan <em>spygmomanometer</em> air raksa dan stetoskop pada hari pertama sebelum dilakukan teknik relaksasi pernafasan diafragma dan pada hari ke lima setelah dilakukan teknik relaksasi pernapasan diafragma. Berdasarkan uji <em>Mann Whitney</em>, diperoleh Z hitung untuk tekanan darah sistole sebesar -3,932 dengan p-value sebesar 0,001, sedangkan Z hitung untuk tekanan darah diastole sebesar -4,019 dengan p-value 0,001. Oleh karena kedua p-value ini lebih kecil dari a (0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh teknik relaksasi pernafasan diafragma terhadap tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi primer. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kesehatan, teknik relaksasi pernafasan diafragma dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif intervensi untuk menurunkan tekanan darah terutama  pada lansia.</p>

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