scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jiarong Lv ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Yifeng Mai ◽  
Shizhong Bu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Genome Transcription ◽  
End Stage

The correlation between diabetes and systematic well-being on human life has long established. As a common complication of diabetes, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been increasing globally. DN is known to be a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Till now, the molecular mechanisms for DN have not been fully explored and the effective therapies are still lacking. Noncoding RNAs are a class of RNAs produced by genome transcription that cannot be translated into proteins. It has been documented that ncRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of DN by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and other pathological processes. In this review, the pathological roles and diagnostic and therapeutic potential of three types of ncRNAs (microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA) in the progression of DN are summarized and illustrated.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulations in Diabetic Nephropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Lu ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Chronic Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Regulations ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. It has been reported that multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of DN, while the molecular mechanisms that lead to DN are still not fully understood. Numerous risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy have been proposed, including ethnicity and inherited genetic differences. Recently, with the development of high-throughput technologies, there is emerging evidence that suggests the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of DN. Epigenetic regulations, including DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and histone modifications, play a pivotal role in DN pathogenesis by a second layer of gene regulation. All these findings can contribute to developing novel therapies for DN.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ni Yang ◽  
Ri Wen ◽  
Chun-Feng Liu ◽  
Tie-Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state accompanied by immunosuppression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides and have important roles in mediating various biological processes. Recently, lncRNAs were found to exert both promotive and inhibitory immune functions in sepsis, thus participating in sepsis regulation. Additionally, several studies have revealed that lncRNAs are involved in sepsis-induced organ dysfunctions, including cardiovascular dysfunction, acute lung injury, and acute kidney injury. Considering the lack of effective biomarkers for early identification and specific treatment for sepsis, lncRNAs may be promising biomarkers and even targets for sepsis therapies. This review systematically highlights the recent advances regarding the roles of lncRNAs in sepsis and sheds light on their use as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for sepsis.

scholarly journals Long noncoding RNA: a dazzling dancer in tumor immune microenvironment

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalu Zhang ◽  
Qiaofei Liu ◽  
Quan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding RNAs that are highly linked to various cellular functions and pathological process. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs participate in crosstalk between tumor and stroma, and reprogramming of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. However, hitherto, a comprehensive review aiming at relationship between lncRNAs and TIME is missing. In this review, we focus on the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs within the TIME. Furthermore, we discussed the potential immunotherapeutic strategies based on lncRNAs and their limitations.

Insight into long noncoding RNA–miRNA–mRNA axes in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: the implications for mechanism and therapy

Epigenomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1733-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Yan Qu ◽  
Hongmei Chen ◽  
Jinqiao Qian
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Insight Into

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNAs, play crucial roles in the initiation and progress of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), which is associated with autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes, as well as oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. LncRNAs serve as a precursor or host of miRNAs and directly/indirectly affecting miRNAs via competitive binding or sponge effects. Simultaneously, miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of genes by targeting various mRNA sequences due to their imperfect pairing with mRNAs. This review summarizes the potential regulatory role of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA axes in MIRI and related molecular mechanisms of cardiac disorders, also provides insight into the potential therapies for MIRI-induced diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Nutrient-Sensing Signals in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Kume ◽  
Daisuke Koya ◽  
Takashi Uzu ◽  
Hiroshi Maegawa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Autophagy Activity

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The multipronged drug approach still fails to fully prevent the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, a new therapeutic target to improve the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy is urgently required. Nutrient-sensing signals and their related intracellular machinery have evolved to combat prolonged periods of starvation in mammals; and these systems are conserved in the kidney. Recent studies have suggested that the activity of three nutrient-sensing signals, mTORC1, AMPK, and Sirt1, is altered in the diabetic kidney. Furthermore, autophagy activity, which is regulated by the above-mentioned nutrient-sensing signals, is also altered in both podocytes and proximal tubular cells under diabetic conditions. Under diabetic conditions, an altered nutritional state owing to nutrient excess may disturb cellular homeostasis regulated by nutrient-responsible systems, leading to exacerbation of organelle dysfunction and diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we discuss new findings showing relationships between nutrient-sensing signals, autophagy, and diabetic nephropathy and suggest the therapeutic potential of nutrient-sensing signals in diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Roles of MicroRNA-34a in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Competing Endogenous RNA Sponging and Its Therapeutic Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsong Nie ◽  
Jiewen Fu ◽  
Hanchun Chen ◽  
Jingliang Cheng ◽  
Junjiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a), a tumor suppressor, has been reported to be dysregulated in various human cancers. MiR-34a is involves in certain epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated signal pathways to repress tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Due to the particularity of miR-34 family in tumor-associated EMT, the significance of miR-34a is being increasingly recognized. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is a novel concept involving mRNA, circular RNA, pseudogene transcript, and long noncoding RNA regulating each other’s expressions using microRNA response elements to compete for the binding of microRNAs. Studies showed that miR-34a is efficient for cancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the function of miR-34a in tumor-associated EMT. ceRNA hypothesis plays an important role in miR-34a regulation in EMT, cancer progression, and metastasis. Its potential roles and challenges as a microRNA therapeutic candidate are discussed. As the negative effect on cancer progression, miR-34a should play crucial roles in clinical diagnosis and cancer therapy.

Implication of regulatory networks of long noncoding RNA/circular RNA-miRNA-mRNA in diabetic cardiovascular diseases

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 1929-1947
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Mengran Yao ◽  
Yuqiao Yang ◽  
Yan Qu ◽  
Jinqiao Qian
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Prognostic Evaluation ◽  
Functional Roles

Diabetic cardiovascular diseases (DCVDs) are the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and are considered to be one of the most important threats to global health and an economic burden. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and miRNA are a novel group of noncoding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes, including DCVDs. Interestingly, both lncRNA and circRNA can act as competing endogenous RNA of miRNA, thereby regulating the expression of the target mRNA by decoying or sponging the miRNA. In this review, we focus on the mechanistic, pathological and functional roles of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in DCVDs and further discuss the potential implications for early detection, therapeutic intervention and prognostic evaluation.

scholarly journals Circular RNA Expression: Its Potential Regulation and Function in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yanshuo Han ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Ce Bian ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Simei Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have posed a great threat to human life, and the necessity of its monitoring and treatment is decided by symptomatology and/or the aneurysm size. Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute a part to the pathogenesis of AAAs. circRNAs are novel single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure and high stability, having become the candidate biomarkers for numerous kinds of human disorders. Besides, circRNAs act as molecular “sponge” in organisms, capable of regulating the transcription level. Here, we characterize that the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. In the present work, studies on the biosynthesis, bibliometrics, and mechanisms of action of circRNAs were aims comprehensively reviewed, the role of circRNAs in the AAA pathogenic mechanism was illustrated, and their potential in diagnosing AAAs was examined. Moreover, the current evidence about the effects of circRNAs on AAA development through modulating endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was summarized. Through thorough investigation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. The results demonstrated that circRNAs had the application potential in the diagnosis and prevention of AAAs in clinical practice. The study of circRNA regulatory pathways would be of great assistance to the etiologic research of AAAs.

scholarly journals An Arabidopsis long noncoding RNA modulates the transcriptome through interactions with a network of splicing factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rigo ◽  
Jérémie Bazin ◽  
Natali Romero-Barrios ◽  
Michaël Moison ◽  
Leandro Lucero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Conserved Core

ABSTRACTAlternative splicing (AS) is a major source of transcriptome and proteome diversity in higher organisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of AS through a range of molecular mechanisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AS regulators NSRa and b, which affect auxin-driven lateral root formation, can interact with the ALTERNATIVE SPLICING COMPETITOR (ASCO) lncRNA. Here, we analyzed the effect of the knockdown and overexpression of ASCO at genome-wide level and found a high number of deregulated and differentially spliced genes, related to flagellin responses and biotic stress. In agreement, roots from ASCO-knocked down plants are more sensitive to flagellin. Surprisingly, only a minor subset of genes overlapped with the AS defects of the nsra/b double mutant. Using biotin-labelled oligonucleotides for RNA-mediated ribonucleoprotein purification, we found that ASCO binds to the highly conserved core spliceosome component PRP8a. ASCO deregulation impairs the recognition of specific flagellin-related transcripts by PRP8a and SmD1b, another spliceosome component, suggesting that ASCO function regulates AS through the interaction with multiple splicing factors. Hence, lncRNAs may interact in a dynamic network with many splicing factors to modulate transcriptome reprogramming in eukaryotes.

scholarly journals A Network of Noncoding Regulatory RNAs Acts in the Mammalian Brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kleaveland ◽  
Charlie Y. Shi ◽  
Joanna Stefano ◽  
David P. Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Regulatory Rnas

SUMMARYNoncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play increasingly appreciated gene-regulatory roles. Here, we describe a regulatory network centered on four ncRNAs—a long ncRNA, a circular RNA, and two microRNAs—using gene editing in mice to probe the molecular consequences of disrupting key components of this network. The long ncRNA Cyrano uses an extensively paired site to miR-7 to trigger destruction of this microRNA. Cyrano-directed miR-7 degradation is much more efficient than previously described examples of target-directed microRNA degradation, which come from studies of artificial and viral RNAs. By reducing miR-7 levels, Cyrano prevents repression of miR-7–targeted mRNAs and enables the accumulation of Cdr1as, a circular RNA known to regulate neuronal activity. Without Cyrano, excess miR-7 causes cytoplasmic destruction of Cdr1as, in part through enhanced slicing of Cdr1as by a second miRNA, miR-671. Thus, several types of ncRNAs can collaborate to establish a sophisticated regulatory network.HIGHLIGHTSA long noncoding RNA, a circular RNA, and two microRNAs form a regulatory networkThe Cyrano long noncoding RNA directs potent, multiple-turnover destruction of miR-7Unchecked miR-7 prevents accumulation of Cdr1as circular RNA in cytoplasm of neurons miR-7 prevents this accumulation by enhancing the miR-671-directed slicing of Cdr1as

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