scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulations in Diabetic Nephropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Lu ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Chronic Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Regulations ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. It has been reported that multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of DN, while the molecular mechanisms that lead to DN are still not fully understood. Numerous risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy have been proposed, including ethnicity and inherited genetic differences. Recently, with the development of high-throughput technologies, there is emerging evidence that suggests the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of DN. Epigenetic regulations, including DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and histone modifications, play a pivotal role in DN pathogenesis by a second layer of gene regulation. All these findings can contribute to developing novel therapies for DN.

The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
K. A. Aitbaev ◽  
I. T. Murkamilov ◽  
V V Fomin ◽  
Zh. A. Murkamilova ◽  
F. A. Yusupov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Complication ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes and the most common cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Numerous factors have been considered, both contributing to the development of DN, and participating in its pathogenesis. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms, that lead to the development of DN, remain not fully understood. Recently, with the development of high-performance technologies, evidence demonstrating epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of gene expression, including DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and histone modifications that play a key role in the pathogenesis of DN through the secondary regulation of genes are starting to appear. All these data can contribute to the creation of new, more effective diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for DN.

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tang ◽  
Deyi Yao ◽  
Haiying Yan ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Linjia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetic patients; it is also an important cause of renal dysfunction, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal disease. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of DN is complex and has not yet been fully elucidated; hence, the pathogenesis of DN to determine effective treatments of crucial importance is deeply explored. Early DN research focuses on hemodynamic changes and metabolic disorders, and recent studies have shown the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in genes, which may be a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the clinical value and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in DN, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of DN.

scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jiarong Lv ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Yifeng Mai ◽  
Shizhong Bu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Genome Transcription ◽  
End Stage

The correlation between diabetes and systematic well-being on human life has long established. As a common complication of diabetes, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been increasing globally. DN is known to be a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Till now, the molecular mechanisms for DN have not been fully explored and the effective therapies are still lacking. Noncoding RNAs are a class of RNAs produced by genome transcription that cannot be translated into proteins. It has been documented that ncRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of DN by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and other pathological processes. In this review, the pathological roles and diagnostic and therapeutic potential of three types of ncRNAs (microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA) in the progression of DN are summarized and illustrated.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle in Osteosarcoma

Sarcoma ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krithi Rao-Bindal ◽  
Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Insight Into

The role of genetic mutations in the development of osteosarcoma, such as alterations in p53 and Rb, is well understood. However, the significance of epigenetic mechanisms in the progression of osteosarcoma remains unclear and is increasingly being investigated. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations such as methylation and histone modifications of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of this tumor. Importantly, understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulation of these pathways may give insight into novel therapeutic strategies for patients with osteosarcoma. This paper serves to summarize the described epigenetic mechanisms in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, specifically those pertaining to apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.

scholarly journals DNA methylation regulates transcriptional homeostasis of algal endosymbiosis in the coral modelAiptasia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Yi Jin Liew ◽  
Guoxin Cui ◽  
Maha J Cziesielski ◽  
Noura Zahran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Model System ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Spurious Transcription ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

The symbiotic relationship between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is the cornerstone of coral reef ecosystems. Although research is focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying this symbiosis, the role of epigenetic mechanisms, which have been implicated in transcriptional regulation and acclimation to environmental change, is unknown. To assess the role of DNA methylation in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, we analyzed genome-wide CpG methylation, histone associations, and transcriptomic states of symbiotic and aposymbiotic anemones in the model systemAiptasia. We find methylated genes are marked by histone H3K36me3 and show significant reduction of spurious transcription and transcriptional noise, revealing a role of DNA methylation in the maintenance of transcriptional homeostasis. Changes in DNA methylation and expression show enrichment for symbiosis-related processes such as immunity, apoptosis, phagocytosis recognition and phagosome formation, and unveil intricate interactions between the underlying pathways. Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation provides an epigenetic mechanism of transcriptional homeostasis during symbiosis.

scholarly journals Role of Nutrient-Sensing Signals in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Kume ◽  
Daisuke Koya ◽  
Takashi Uzu ◽  
Hiroshi Maegawa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Autophagy Activity

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The multipronged drug approach still fails to fully prevent the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, a new therapeutic target to improve the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy is urgently required. Nutrient-sensing signals and their related intracellular machinery have evolved to combat prolonged periods of starvation in mammals; and these systems are conserved in the kidney. Recent studies have suggested that the activity of three nutrient-sensing signals, mTORC1, AMPK, and Sirt1, is altered in the diabetic kidney. Furthermore, autophagy activity, which is regulated by the above-mentioned nutrient-sensing signals, is also altered in both podocytes and proximal tubular cells under diabetic conditions. Under diabetic conditions, an altered nutritional state owing to nutrient excess may disturb cellular homeostasis regulated by nutrient-responsible systems, leading to exacerbation of organelle dysfunction and diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we discuss new findings showing relationships between nutrient-sensing signals, autophagy, and diabetic nephropathy and suggest the therapeutic potential of nutrient-sensing signals in diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals The Key Role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Hypertensive Kidney Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Seccia ◽  
Brasilina Caroccia ◽  
Maria Piazza ◽  
Gian Paolo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Hypertensive Nephropathy ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Afferent Arterioles ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Accumulating evidence indicates that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), originally described as a key process for organ development and metastasis budding in cancer, plays a key role in the development of renal fibrosis in several diseases, including hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis. We herein reviewed the concept of EMT and its role in renal diseases, with particular focus on hypertensive kidney disease, the second leading cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes mellitus. After discussing the pathophysiology of hypertensive nephropathy, the ‘classic’ view of hypertensive nephrosclerosis entailing hyalinization, and sclerosis of interlobular and afferent arterioles, we examined the changes occurring in the glomerulus and tubulo-interstitium and the studies that investigated the role of EMT and its molecular mechanisms in hypertensive kidney disease. Finally, we examined the reasons why some studies failed to provide solid evidence for renal EMT in hypertension.

scholarly journals Advocacy for renal replacement therapy: the role of renal registries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-744
Author(s):  
Cecile Couchoud ◽  
Mohamed Benghanem Gharbi
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
South African ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Resource Environment

Abstract The paper by Jardine et al. reporting results from the South African Renal Registry describes a 2-fold success. First, even in a limited-resource environment, survival of patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) is favourable. Secondly, this information is available because a few years ago, South African nephrologists started a renal registry. These successes cannot conceal, however, that numerous patients are not offered RRT. Robust health information systems make it possible to define chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) burdens, guide resource allocation, inform service planning and enable policy. Registries can highlight inequitable RRT access and help support advocacy in favour of additional resources for ESKD care.

scholarly journals A massive natural disaster, the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the incidence of dialysis due to end-stage kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiaki Abe ◽  
Tetsuya Akaishi ◽  
Koto Ishizawa ◽  
Hirohisa Shinano ◽  
Hiroshi Ohtomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Dialysis Initiation ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Background Disaster-related stress can increase blood pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of massive disasters in the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) remains unknown. We investigated the incidence and different causes of dialysis initiation in patients with chronic kidney disease in a city affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective observational study. All patients who initiated or were treated with dialysis at Kesennuma City Hospital between 2007 and 2020 were enrolled. The year of dialysis initiation was retrospectively determined based on the initiation date. The causative renal diseases that led to the need for dialysis initiation were divided into four groups: diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal disease, glomerulonephritis, and others. Results Age at dialysis initiation differed significantly among the four groups (p = 0.0262). There was a significant difference in the numbers of the four groups before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake (p = 0.0193). The age of hypertensive renal disease patients was significantly higher than those of patients with diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.0070) and glomerulonephritis (p = 0.0386) after the disaster. The increasing number of dialysis initiations after the Great East Japan Earthquake appeared to be associated with changes in hypertensive renal diseases; the number peaked after 10 years. Conclusions There was an increase in the number of dialysis initiations, especially caused by hypertensive renal diseases, for up to 10 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals On the contribution of immune 42 mechanisms to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
О. I. Kamayeva ◽  
V. V. Sura
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Cost

Diabetic nephropathy (NF) came first among all the specified causes of end-stage renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) make up more than half of all patients treated with chronic hemodialysis in the United States and Western Europe. Among patients with diabetes with terminal renal failure, 60% are people over 50 years old, so hemodialysis is not always prescribed. However, hemodialysis is increasingly used in elderly and senile patients; therefore, the proportion of patients with diabetes, especially type II diabetes, in hemodialysis centers will increase, significantly increasing the cost of treating diabetes. Currently, along with metabolic, hemodynamic and genetic theories, the role of immune disorders in the formation and progression of DNs is being discussed. The prerequisites for the formation of a hypothesis about the immune genesis of DNs were the frequent detection of increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and immunoglobulins in the blood, as well as deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the kidney structures of patients with diabetes. However, among researchers there is no unanimity in the explanation of these facts. Many consider indisputably existing immune abnormalities inherent in DN as non-specific epiphenomes. The immune hypothesis of the pathogenesis of DN was formulated back in the 70s. The currently accumulated data suggest the participation of the immunocomplex mechanism in the development of DN. Immunofluorescence examination of the kidney tissue of patients with diabetes almost always reveals a luminescence of IgG, IgM, less often IgA, SZ and other complement fractions along the basal membranes of the glomeruli (BMC) and tubules of focal granular and linear in nature.

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