scholarly journals Competition Order and Innovation Behaviors of Enterprise in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Weijun Cui ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
Yu Fu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Enterprise Surveys ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Innovation Behavior

This study addresses the apparent puzzle that China made great progress in mobile phone manufacturing despite weak intellectual property protection. Using the China 2012 Enterprise Surveys Data set of World Bank enterprises survey, we investigated whether competition order mattered for innovation behaviors of enterprise and mainly drew three major conclusions. First, when there are unregistered or informal competitors in the market, enterprises tend to choose innovation to improve the current situation of their own operations, and they may increase the R&D investment. Second, when the unregistered or informal competitors in the market become obstacles to the enterprise, with the rise of disorderly barriers to competition, enterprises will reduce their decision-making of innovation behavior or the intensity of R&D investment. Third, the impartiality degree of court may have a moderating effect on the relationship between competition order and corporate innovation behavior.

Producción científica y tecnológica de Perú en el contexto sudamericano: un análisis cienciométrico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osbaldo Turpo-Gebera ◽  
César H. Limaymanta ◽  
Elías Sanz-Casado
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
South American ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment

This article analyzes the scientific and innovative activity of Peru in relation to its South American peers. For this purpose, indicators of investment in R&D, publications, patents, collaboration, impact and the relationship between some of them were defined. The data were retrieved from Scopus, SciVal, World Bank and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The study showed that both the R&D investment and scientific and technological production in Peru are lower than in other South American countries. Peru ranks fifth in South America in international collaboration (60.1%), and a similar trend is seen in impact and performance. All the countries in the study show increases in publications in Q1 journals, according to the SJR. Among the conclusions, it is worth highlighting the low investment in R&D in most of the countries in the region (below 0.6% of GDP), as well as the high technological dependence and the important role of universities as a driving force for research. Resumen Se analiza la actividad científica e innovadora de Perú en relación con sus pares sudamericanos. Para ello, se definieron los indicadores de inversión en I+D, de publicaciones, patentes, colaboración, impacto y la relación entre algunos de ellos. Los datos se recuperaron de Scopus, SciVal, Banco Mundial y World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). El estudio evidenció que tanto la inversión en I+D como la producción científica y tecnológica de Perú presenta valores inferiores a otros países sudamericanos. Perú ocupa el quinto lugar de Sudamérica en colaboración internacional (60,1%), una tendencia similar se presenta en el impacto y rendimiento. Todos los países del estudio presentan incrementos de publicaciones en revistas Q1, según el SJR. Entre las conclusiones hay que resaltar la escasa inversión en I+D de la mayoría de los países de la región (por debajo del 0,6% del PIB), así como la gran dependencia tecnológica, y el importante rol de las universidades como motor de la investigación.

The importance of information service offerings of collaborative CRMs on decision-making in B2B marketing

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ramón Saura ◽  
Pedro Palos-Sanchez ◽  
Alicia Blanco-González
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
External Control ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
B2b Marketing ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The importance of information service offerings is directly linked to decision-making processes for buying and selling in business-to-business (B2B) companies. B2B companies intend to offer information that helps other companies choose a product or service. This paper aims to identify the relationship between the types of information offered by a B2B company in its B2B marketing strategy and the decision-making of the companies which buy products and services. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, a data set has been consulted that contains 439 observations that are the result of transactions using customer relationship managements (CRMs) of B2B-type companies. A total of 9 different products were consulted from 20 B2B vendors that manage their transactions with CRM software for B2B operations. A total of 439 different transactions were recorded by these vendors during 2018 (n = 439) with their information service offerings strategies. The results were analyzed with the partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The results showed that the significance of the relationship between internal control factors and external control factors (H4) is the strongest one when using information services offerings strategies in a B2B environment. The results of this research can help B2B companies to improve their decision-making strategies and to define the structure of the information offered in their B2B marketing plans. Originality/value This research makes a contribution to an existing gap, which is to identify what the most important information is for purchasing companies in B2B environments and the relationship with this information, so that B2B purchasers can make good decisions thanks to the information service offerings strategy of the selling companies using CRMs.

scholarly journals Effect of the rights of intellectual property on the export revenuesFikri mülkiyet haklarının ihracat gelirleri üzerindeki etkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Sedat Durmuşkaya ◽  
Ahmet Yağmur Ersoy
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Utility Models ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

Therise of export revenues in Turkey in the recent years, have been possible to come up with factors that effecting export at the same time and in a positive way. In addition to many studies that aimed which factors effect therise of export revenues and its direction, in this study, exportand the rights of intellectual property, in particular the causality relation of the rights of industrial property were investigated. Some of the industrial property rights of Industrial Design, Utility Model, Trade Mark and Patent aplicant numbers are used as a data set in the analysis in order to investigate this effect quantitatively. Toda-Yamamoto casuality process that particularly gives successful results in the small sample sets is used to reveal the existence of the relationship that mentioned. According to results by obtaining from analysis, while a causal relation was determined from industrial designs and aplicant number of utility models to export, bidirectional causality relation was identified between trademark applications and patent applications and export. This results reveal the importance of protection of intellectual property rights in a beterway to ensure more export growth. Özet Türkiye ihracat gelirlerinde son dönemlerde yaşanan artış, ihracata etki eden faktörlerin aynı anda ve olumlu bir şekilde bir araya gelmesi ile mümkün olmuştur. İhracat gelirlerinin artışına etki eden faktörlerin neler olduğuna ve ne yönde etkilediğine yönelik yapılan birçok çalışmaya ek olarak bu çalışmada, ihracat ve fikri mülkiyet hakları, özelde ise sınai mülkiyet hakların arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu etkinin nicel olarak araştırılabilmesi için sınai mülkiyet haklarından olan Endüstriyel Tasarım, Faydalı Model, Marka ve Patent başvuru sayıları analizlerde veri seti olarak kullanılmıştır. Bahsedilen ilişkinin varlığını ortaya koyabilmek için özellikle küçük örneklem setlerinde başarılı sonuçlar veren Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik süreci kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, endüstriyel tasarım ve faydalı model başvuru sayılarından ihracat’a doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi saptanırken, marka başvuruları ve patent başvuruları ile ihracat arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar daha çok ihracat artışı sağlamak için fikri mülkiyet haklarının daha iyi bir şekilde korunması gerektiğinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

scholarly journals Employment Empowering Women: An Experience of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-134
Author(s):  
Bandana Kumari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to examine the association between employment and the empowerment of Nepali currently married women. It harnesses women’s employment status and their empowerment; in terms of ‘household decision making’, ‘attitudes towards wife-beating’, and ownership of the house/land’ with the help of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data set. Married women’s employment exhibits a significant association (0.05) with their socio-demographic characteristics, and empowerment variables as well. The employment status of married women influences their household decision-making, and attitudes towards wife-beating. The study adheres to the belief that employment accelerates women’s empowerment, still, it is complex to determine the strength of the relationship in between. Thus, based on the findings of the study, other variables and empowerment indicators are to be considered and analyzed further for concrete insights. So, employment cannot be assumed as a mere engine and an only instrument for empowering women.

Performance-based equity incentives, vesting restrictions, and corporate innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-164
Author(s):  
Baohua Liu ◽  
Wan Huang ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Robust Tests ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Incentive Plans ◽  
Equity Incentive ◽  
D Investment

Purpose Based on the institutional background of mandatory requirement of performance-based executive equity incentives, this paper aims to investigate the impacts of executive equity incentives, vesting periods and vesting performance conditions on corporate innovation. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on the detailed data of equity incentives in China’s listed companies from 2006 to 2014, the Tobit method is implemented to estimate the regression coefficients, and the instrumental variable (IV) approach, Heckman two stage regression, propensity score matching and difference-in-difference models are adopted to solve the problem of endogeneity in several robust tests. Findings This paper documents that equity incentives and vesting periods are significantly and positively related to corporate innovation measured by R&D investment and patent applications, yet requirements on vesting performance impede corporate innovative activities. Specifically, compared with non-equity incentive companies, the R&D investment and the number of patent applications of equity incentive companies are 40 and 46.2 per cent higher, respectively. A one year increase in equity incentive duration can correspondingly increase the R&D investment by 15 per cent and the patent applications by 18.3 per cent. However, a one standard deviation increase in industry-adjusted ROE target reduces corporate R&D investment by 5 per cent and the patent applications by 8.39 per cent. The main empirical findings still hold after several robust tests. Research limitations/implications This paper confirms that the impact of performance-based compensation system on corporate innovation depends on its structure. Specifically, the empirical findings suggest that equity incentive plans being correctly designed can enhance corporate innovative activities, but myopic managers will damage the corporate innovation. Originality/value This paper investigates the influence of equity incentive structure on equity incentive effect based on the institutional background of mandatory requirement of performance-based executive equity incentives. It provides an opportunity to understand the mystery of equity incentives, which helps to enrich the structure of equity incentive theoretically. The empirical evidence confirms the importance of tolerating short-term failure and extending the horizon of managerial decision-making on promoting innovation. Overall, the research indicates that only well-designed equity incentive plans can promote innovation, which contributes to regulators and practitioners to form a rational understanding of the premise of equity incentives in promoting innovation and provides a reference for their decision-making.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Centralization and Effectiveness of Reward Management in Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Subsidiary Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.

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