scholarly journals Diabetic Cataract in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kasumi Kikuchi ◽  
Miyuki Murata ◽  
Kousuke Noda ◽  
Satoru Kase ◽  
Yoshiaki Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Cataract Formation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
And Control

Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat is a novel animal model of type 2 diabetes with obesity. SDT fatty rats develop hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and other diabetic complications including ocular disorders; however, diabetic cataract formation in SDT fatty rats has not been fully investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the characteristics of cataract in the SDT fatty rats. The mean body weight of SDT fatty rats is larger than that of age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and control animals until 8 weeks of age, and thereafter the growing speed decreased until the end of observation at 16 weeks of age. Blood glucose levels in SDT fatty rats were significantly higher than those in SD rats throughout the observational period. Slit-lamp examination revealed that no rats showed cataract formation at 5 weeks of age; however, SDT fatty rats gradually developed cortical cataract and posterior subcapsular cataract, both of which are the common types of cataract in patients with type 2 diabetes. The levels of glucose, sorbitol, and fructose were higher in the lens tissues of SDT fatty rats in comparison with that of SD rats. Furthermore, the level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was higher in the lens of SDT fatty rats than in that of SD rats. By contrast, total glutathione (GSH) concentration was lower in the lens of SDT fatty rats than in that of SD rats. The present study demonstrated that the cataractogenesis in SDT fatty rats resembled human diabetic cataract formation, indicating that SDT fatty rats serve as a potential animal model in researches on human cataract associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals Pathological Features of Diabetic Retinopathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Tanaka ◽  
Rina Takagi ◽  
Takeshi Ohta ◽  
Tomohiko Sasase ◽  
Mina Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Retinal Folds

Objective. The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, established by introducing the fa allele (obesity gene) of the Zucker fatty rat into the SDT rat genome, is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. We studied the pathologic features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in this animal. Methods. The eyes of SDT fatty, SDT (controls), and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (normal controls) were enucleated at 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 weeks of age (n=5‐6 for each rat type at each age). The retinal thicknesses, numbers of retinal folds, and choroidal thicknesses were evaluated. Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed. Quantitative analyses of the immunopositive regions were performed using a cell-counting algorithm. Results. The retinas tended to be thicker in the SDT fatty rats and SDT rats than in the SD rats; the choroids tended to be thicker in the SDT fatty rats than in the SD rats. The retinal folds in the SDT fatty rats developed earlier and were more severe than in the SDT rats. Quantitative analyses showed that the GFAP- and VEGF-positive regions in the retinas of the SDT fatty rats were significantly larger than those of the SDT rats. Conclusions. SDT fatty rats developed more severe DR earlier than the SDT rats. The SDT fatty rats might be useful as a type 2 diabetes animal model to study DR.

scholarly journals The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rat: An Animal Model of Nonobese Type 2 Diabetes with Severe Diabetic Complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Sasase ◽  
Takeshi Ohta ◽  
Taku Masuyama ◽  
Norihide Yokoi ◽  
Akihiro Kakehashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Neovascular Glaucoma ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
High Plasma Glucose

The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat is an inbred strain of Sprague-Dawley rat and recently is established as a nonobese model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Male SDT rats show high plasma glucose levels (over 700 mg/dL) by 20 weeks. Male SDT rats show pancreatic islet histopathology, including hemorrhage in pancreatic islets and inflammatory cell infiltration with fibroblasts. Prior to the onset of diabetes, glucose intolerance with hypoinsulinemia is also observed. As a result of chronic severe hyperglycemia, the SDT rats develop profound complications. In eyes, retinopathy, cataract, and neovascular glaucoma are observed. Proliferative retinopathy, especially, resulting from retinal neovascular vessels is a unique characteristic of this model. In kidney, mesangial proliferation and nodular lesion are observed. Both peripheral neuropathy such as decreased nerve conduction velocity and thermal hypoalgesia and autonomic neuropathy such as diabetic diarrhea and voiding dysfunction have been reported. Osteoporosis is another complication characterized in SDT rat. Decreased bone density and low-turnover bone lesions are observed. Taking advantage of these features, SDT rat has been used for evaluating antidiabetic drugs and drugs/gene therapy for diabetic complications. In conclusion, the SDT rat is potentially a useful T2D model for studies on pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic complications in humans.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diabetic Neuropathy in the Zucker Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rat: A New Animal Model for Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Davidson ◽  
Lawrence J. Coppey ◽  
Amey Holmes ◽  
Sergey Lupachyk ◽  
Brian L. Dake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Corneal Nerves

Recently a new rat model for type 2 diabetes the Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD/Pco) was created. In this study we sought to characterize the development of diabetic neuropathy in ZDSD rats using age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats as a control. Rats were examined at 34 weeks of age 12 weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia in ZDSD rats. At this time ZDSD rats were severely insulin resistant with slowing of both motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. ZDSD rats also had fatty livers, elevated serum free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and elevated sciatic nerve nitrotyrosine levels. The corneas of ZDSD rats exhibited a decrease in subbasal epithelial corneal nerves and sensitivity. ZDSD rats were hypoalgesic but intraepidermal nerve fibers in the skin of the hindpaw were normal compared to Sprague-Dawley rats. However, the number of Langerhans cells was decreased. Vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles, blood vessels that provide circulation to the sciatic nerve, to acetylcholine and calcitonin gene-related peptide was impaired in ZDSD rats. These data indicate that ZDSD rats develop many of the neural complications associated with type 2 diabetes and are a good animal model for preclinical investigations of drug development for diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes mellitus-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rat

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
R Dangarembizi ◽  
P Nkomozepi ◽  
R Ndou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Sd Rats

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that is highly prevalent in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). NASH progresses into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is known to worsen the prognosis and mortality in T2DM. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying NASH development in T2DM is hindered by the absence of a good animal model that can physiologically develop T2DM and NASH. This study investigated the potential of the Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat as a suitable model for studying T2DM-related NASH. Eight, twenty-week old ZDSD rats which became diabetic at week sixteen, were compared with six age-matched, non-diabetic Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We measured body mass gain, fasting glucose, fasting triglycerides and glucose handling pre and post diabetic onset. We also measured circulating levels of the liver function enzymes; alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, and other surrogate markers of kidney and pancreatic function. Liver samples were also scored for histopathological markers of NASH. ZDSD rats developed frank T2DM and exhibited impaired glucose handling, chronic hyperglycaemia, deranged lipid metabolism and impaired kidney function compared to SD rats. Histopathological analyses of the diabetic ZDSD rat liver showed the presence of steatosis, inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis. The co-occurrence of both T2DM and advanced NASH in the ZDSD rat compared to SD rats validates our hypothesis of its potential as a model for studying the pathogenesis of these two closely related diseases.

scholarly journals The Possibility of Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as a Biomarker of Renal Hypoxia in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1476-1492
Author(s):  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Yuji Ogura ◽  
Mikie Nakabayashi ◽  
Yoshio Nagai ◽  
Shiika Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Sd Rats

Background: Renal hypoxia is an aggravating factor for tubulointerstitial damage, which is strongly associated with renal prognosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Therefore, urinary markers that can detect renal hypoxia are useful for monitoring DKD. Objective: To determine the correlation between urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and renal hypoxia using a novel animal model of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats (n = 6) were used as an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Age- and sex-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 8) were used as controls. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, and blood glucose levels were measured at 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks of age. Urine samples and serum and kidney tissues were collected at 24 weeks of age. Microvascular blood flow index (BFI) was measured using diffuse correlation spectroscopy before sampling both the serum and kidneys for the evaluation of renal microcirculation at the corticomedullary junction. Results: Obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertension were observed in the SDT fatty rats. Focal glomerular sclerosis, moderate interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis were significantly more frequent in SDT fatty rats than in SD rats. While the frequency of peritubular endothelial cells and phosphoendothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were similar in both types of rats, the degree of renal hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression was significantly higher (and with no change in renal vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels) in the SDT fatty rats. Urinary L-FABP levels were significantly higher and renal microvascular BFI was significantly lower in the SDT fatty rats than in the SD rats. Urinary L-FABP levels exhibited a significant positive correlation with renal HIF-1α expression and a significant negative correlation with renal microvascular BFI. Conclusions: Urinary L-FABP levels reflect the degree of renal hypoxia in DKD in a type 2 diabetic animal model. Urinary L-FABP may thus prove useful as a renal hypoxia marker for monitoring DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice.

Abstract 111: Paradoxical Exacerbation of Arrhythmias by the Cardioprotective Mitochondrial K-ATP Channel Agonist Diazoxide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqin Xie ◽  
Basil S Karam ◽  
Fadi G Akar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications including ischemia reperfusion injury (IR). Activation of mitochondrial KATP channels by Diazoxide (DZX) promotes beta cell rest and suppresses glucose production in patients. We hypothesized that DZX prevents IR arrhythmias in T2DM owing to its dual cardioprotective & antidiabetic property. Methods: Obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats (n=17) with established T2DM were studied. Control groups consisted of lean ZDF (n=6) and normal Sprague Dawley (n=10) rats. High resolution optical action potential (AP) mapping was performed in hearts before and after challenge with no flow ischemia for 12min followed by reperfusion. Results: Basal properties including rate dependence of conduction velocity (CV) and AP duration (APD) were not significantly (p=NS) altered in T2DM. Remarkably, ischemia uncovered major differences between groups as APD in T2DM failed to adapt to the ischemic challenge. Unlike APD, CV was reduced in all groups. DZX paradoxically promoted arrhythmias as all DZX (30uM) treated T2DM hearts exhibited ischemia related VT. In contrast, untreated T2DM (0/5) and control (0/9) hearts did not exhibit VT during ischemia. Underlying arrhythmic vulnerability of DZX treated T2DM hearts was a pronounced reduction (by 75% p<0.01) of the cardiac wavelength (WL) caused by accelerated APD shortening in response to ischemia. Upon reperfusion, T2DM and control groups exhibited a high (60% T2DM vs 44% control, p=NS) rate of VT, although the VT cycle length in T2DM was significantly longer (72 vs 44ms, p<0.01) suggesting a more adverse substrate modification by IR injury. Blocking the inner membrane anion channel (IMAC) fully abrogated reperfusion VT in T2DM. Conclusion: Ischemia uncovers a paradoxical resistance of T2DM hearts to APD adaptation. DZX reverses this property resulting in accelerated APD & WL shortening. This promotes reentrant VT during ischemia. Therefore, the anti-diabetic agent DZX should be avoided in T2DM patients at risk of ischemic events. Instead IMAC is an effective antiarrhythmic target for these patients.

Effect of High ß-Glucan Barley on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 772-P
Author(s):  
MARIKO HIGA ◽  
AYANA HASHIMOTO ◽  
MOE HAYASAKA ◽  
MAI HIJIKATA ◽  
AYAMI UEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose

Echinops Spp. Polysaccharide B Ameliorates Metabolic Abnormalities in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Guang Hao ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Mengru Jiang ◽  
Zhenzhen Gao ◽  
Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Sprague Dawley

This study examined the in vivo effects of Echinops spp. polysaccharide B on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sprague-Dawley rats. We constructed a type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat models by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet plus intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin. Using this diabetic rat model, different doses of Echinops polysaccharide B were administered orally for seven weeks. Groups receiving Xiaoke pill and metformin served as positive controls. The results showed that Echinops polysaccharide B treatment normalized the weight and blood sugar levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, increased muscle and liver glycogen content, improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin secretion, and reduced glucagon and insulin resistance indices. More importantly, Echinops polysaccharide B treatment upregulated the expression of insulin receptor in the liver, skeletal muscles, and pancreas, and significantly improved the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-2 protein in the liver and pancreas, as well as it increased insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in skeletal muscles. These two proteins play crucial roles in increasing insulin secretion and in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings of the present study suggest that Echinops polysaccharide B could improve the status of diabetes in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, which may be achieved by improving insulin resistance. Our study provides a new insight into the development of a natural drug for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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