scholarly journals Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Root Extract of Kniphofia foliosa as a Template, Characterization, and Its Application on Drug Resistance Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eneyew Tilahun Bekele ◽  
Bedasa Abdisa Gonfa ◽  
Osman Ahmed Zelekew ◽  
Hadgu Hailekiros Belay ◽  
Fedlu Kedir Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Titanium Tetrabutoxide

Biogenic methods of synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plant extracts have been given a great attention due to its nontoxicity and environmental friendliness. In this study, TiO2 NPs were synthesized from titanium tetrabutoxide and extract of root of Kniphofia foliosa. NPs of TiO2 were biosynthesized at different volume compositions of titanium tetrabutoxide to the plant extract with a ratio of 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1, respectively. These green synthesized NPs of TiO2 were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. TGA/DTA analysis has confirmed that the synthesized NPs of TiO2 were stable above the temperature of 500°C. The sharp and intense peaks at 2θ values of 25.3, 38.0, 47.9, 53.2, 54.8862, 62.7, 70.2, and 75.0 have confirmed formation of crystalline NPs of TiO2 in the sample of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratios, and less crystalline samples for TiO2 NPs prepared in a 1 : 2 ratio. Comparison between FT-IR absorption bands of the plant extract and that of calcined NPs of TiO2 confirmed the purity of synthesized nanomaterials, except unavoidable adsorption of moisture on the surface of TiO2 NPs in an open air. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs and that of ethanolic root extract of Kniphofia foliosa was investigated via the disc diffusion method against human pathogen bacteria strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Among the different ratios, TiO2 (1 : 1) NP shows better performance towards Gram-negative bacteria due to its smaller average crystalline size and uniform morphology observed in SEM image relative to the other two ratios of TiO2 NPs. Antibacterial activity of the ethanolic root extract of Kniphofia foliosa itself showed better performance towards Gram-negative bacteria than NPs of TiO2 that might be due to antibacterial activity of residue of ethanol left with the plant extract.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Prismatomeris tetrandra K. Schum Root Extract against Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
On-Anong SOMSAP
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Antibiotic resistance bacteria has become an increasing problem now today due to many factors. This study investigates the efficacy of Prismatomeris tetrandra K. Schum root extract as a new source of antibacterial activity for antibiotic resistant bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The results showed that S. aureus TISTR517 exhibited more sensitivity to P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract than other Gram-positive bacteria indicator strains. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria exhibited resistance to P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract. The study further showed the activity between P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract and gentamycin (10 µg), it revealed that MRSA142 was resistant to gentamycin (10µg) but sensitive to P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was evaluated by using S. aureus TISTR517 and MRSA142 as indicator strains. The MIC value was 0.59 mg/mL and 1.17 mg/mL for S. aureus TISTR517 and MRSA142, respectively. MBC assay demonstrated that the MBC value was 9.75 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL for S. aureus TISTR517 and MRSA142 respectively. The mode of action was investigated with the presence of P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract in the culture broth. The action of P. tetrandra K. Schum root extract was revealed of bacteriostatic activity due to the Optical density (OD) at 600 nm and Colony-Forming Units (CFU) of indicator strains were continuously decreased.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Flavonoids Content of Artemisia cina Berg. ex Poljakov Ethyl Acetate Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Sri Kasmiyati ◽  
Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani ◽  
Maria Marina Herawati ◽  
Andreas Binar Aji Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Significant Difference

The medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds have a potential for many biological activities, including antimicrobial activity. Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant from the Compositae family with the potential of having antitumor, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and the flavonoid content of A. Cina’s ethyl acetate extract. Plants samples were extracted by ethyl acetate maceration method. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) by a disk diffusion method using 25, 50, and 100 mg/l extract concentrations. The flavonoid contents (quercetin and kaempferol) were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The extracts of diploid and polyploid A. cina displayed some antibacterial activity, with the Gram-negative bacteria being more resistant than the Gram-positive counterpart. However, no significant difference was observed between the diploid and polyploid extracts. As for the flavonoid content, the highest quercetin content (0.5501 mg/ml) was found in the polyploid A. cina (J), while the highest kaempferol content (0.5818 mg/ml) was observed in the diploid A. cina (KJT). Although A. cina is widely grown in Indonesia, compared to other Artemisia species, A. cina has not been widely studied, especially its antibacterial  potential and in related to its flavonoid content and the use of ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent.  This study reveals the potential of A. cina as a natural antibacterial agent. 

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Espeletia nana

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Peña ◽  
Luis Rojas ◽  
Rosa Aparicio ◽  
Libia Alarcón ◽  
José Gregorio Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The essential oil of the leaves of Espeletia nana Cuatrec, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS, which allowed the identification of 24 components, which made up 99.9% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were α-pinene (38.1%), β-pinene (17.2%), myrcene (15.0%), spathulenol (4.2%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%), α-zingiberene (4.0%), and γhimachalene (3.7%). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Activity was observed only against Gram-positive bacteria. MIC values were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(200 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (600 μg/mL).

Mannich Reaction Product of Quinolin-8-ol (Oxine) and its Antibacterial Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheen Faizi ◽  
Bina Shaheen Siddiqui ◽  
Rubeena Saleem ◽  
Farzana Akhtar ◽  
Khursheed Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Mannich Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Screening ◽  
X Ray

Quinolin-8-ol (1) on reaction with 2,6-dichloroaniline and m-nitrobenzaldehyde afforded 7-(α-hydroxy- m-nitrobenzyl)quinolin-8-ol (2), which is an unusual Mannich reaction product. The structure of (2) was determined by spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Preliminary antimicrobial screening showed that (1) and (2) have activity against a large number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals A Study on Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
M Iqbal Hossain ◽  
M Anwar Habib ◽  
Nazimuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This quasi experimental study was designed to evaluate antibacterial activity of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate (AgNO3) solutions on gram negative bacteria like E.Coli using disc diffusion method. Different concentrations of AgNPs, AgNO3 and reference drug ciprofloxacin were used to find out the antibacterial activity which revealed that AgNPs possessed significant antibacterial effect compared to AgNO3 solutions but relatively less antibacterial effect than that of ciprofloxacin. So chemical synthesis guided AgNPs may have some antibacterial effects.TAJ 2016; 29(2): 37-41

Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity of Xanthones from the Green Fruits of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawong Boonnak ◽  
Achjana Khamthip ◽  
Chatchanok Karalai ◽  
Suchada Chantrapromma ◽  
Chanita Ponglimanont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Mic Value

Three new xanthones, pruniflorone M-O (1–3), and a new xanthonolignoid, 3-methoxy-5′-demethoxycadensin G (4), were isolated from the green fruits of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum along with three known xanthones (5–7) and a known flavonoid (8). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and the structure of 1 was also determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 2 and 7 showed potent nitric oxide inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 4.4 and 4.3 μM, respectively. Moreover, 7 also showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with an MIC value of 4.67 μg mL–1.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Catunaregam tomentosa Against Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Nor Aleesa Ali ◽  
Wan Amalina Wan Mamat ◽  
Syed Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari ◽  
Muhammad Yusran Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahmad Syibli Othman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Value Evaluation

Catunaregam tomentosa is a plant from Rubiaceae family that is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of stomatitis and ulcers due to bacterial infections. Besides, it also helps in the treatment of oliguria and dysuria. Indiscriminate use of commercial antibacterial medicines had led to the search for novel antibacterial drugs. Since for ages medicinal plants have been used to treat bacterial infection, so they can be excellent sources of the novel antibacterial drug. To evaluate the scientific basis of the use of plant, antibacterial activity leaves extract of C.tomentosa was investigated against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The study also investigated the effect of pH on its antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the disc diffusion method at 100mg/mL concentration. Extracts of C. tomentosa inhibit the activity of S. aureus but do not inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined against S. aureus at concentration 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6, 3, 1.5, 0.75 and 0.395mg/mL and 3mg/mL were the MIC value. Evaluation on the effect of different pH on antibacterial activity of plant extracts shows that the activity of the plant extracts does not affect when treated with acidic pH but increased at alkaline pH. Based on the present finding, C. tomentosa leaves extract have the potential to be a viable candidate in the discovery of a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus infections. This study provides scientific knowledge to further determine the antibacterial values of C. tomentosa extracts.

scholarly journals The effects of intracellular and extracellular compound produced by Gloeocapsa punctata against Bacteria and detection on some fatty acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Ghaidaa H. Al-Rubaiee ◽  
Duaa S. Shawket ◽  
Ali R. Laftah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extracellular Products

In this study Gloeocapsa punctata was isolated, purified and identified from the object of the home garden in Zayouna. BG-11 culture media was used for their cultivation in suitable laboratory conditions 25c°, 200µE/m2/sec for 16:8 hrs. Light: dark. Each culture was harvested at the end of exponential phase. Organic solvents used for extraction was Chloroform: methanol at 2:1 to extract, study aims to test the effectiveness of extracted interacellular (biomass) and overseas cellular Extracellular filtrate cellular and used solvent organic (Chlorferom: Methanol 95%) and by 1:2 and test their effectiveness against 10 strains of bacteria which: Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidiss, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexeneri and Serratia sp. Agar diffusion method was used. Results showed that the extracellular products which extracted was best than intercellular product.The gram positive bacteria studied revealed higher susceptibility to attack by the intracellular and extracellular extracts comparing with the gram negative bacteria. The extracellular extraction revealed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidiss the of inhibition zone was 28 mm. But the intercellular extract revealed higher antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium and the average inhibition zone was 22 mm. However, results showed that gram negative bacteria extracellular products extract has the antagonistic activity against Klebsilla pneumonia with 25 mm inhibition zone. Also been detected on some fatty acids produced by the algae G. punctata which Palmitic, Stearic, Arachidic, Linoleic and Linolenic. The highest rate is fatty acid Linoleic 57% of the extract intercellular while the rate of 30% of the acid fatty Arachidic to intercellular abroad.

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