scholarly journals Response Mechanism of Cotton Growth to Water and Nutrients under Drip Irrigation with Plastic Mulch in Southern Xinjiang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Yungang Bai ◽  
Yingji Du ◽  
Fucang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nutrient Control

The effects of water and nutrient control measures on the cotton plant height, stem diameter, biomass, seed yield, and soil moisture under an irrigated plastic mulch production system were studied. Using field experiments in the 2018 cotton-growing season, 6 fertilization treatments (30-10.5-4.5 (N-P2O5-K2O), 24-8.4-3.6 (N-P2O5-K2O), 20-7-3 (N-P2O5-K2O), 16-5.6-2.4 (N-P2O5-K2O), 10-3.5-1.5 (N-P2O5-K2O), and 0-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) kg/mu) and 6 deficit irrigation treatments (40% PET, 60% PET, and 80% PET) were established at the cotton budding and flowering stages. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05) was used to evaluate the significant differences among the treatments. The results showed that the effects of the water and nutrient control measures were obvious. The irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was the highest under the 80% deficit irrigation (T7) treatment at the flowering stage (2.62 kg/m3). Increases in cotton plant height and stem diameter were promoted by mild or moderate deficit irrigation at the flowering stage, but normal growth and development were affected by severe deficit irrigation at any growth stage. The growth indexes of cotton increased with increasing fertilization, but significant differences between each fertilization gradient were not obvious. At the same time, excessive fertilization not only had a positive effect on the LAI (leaf area index) and yield but also caused fertilizer waste and unnecessary cotton growth. The cotton seed yield and single boll yield reached their highest values (566 kg/mu) under the 1.2 times fertilizer treatment (T9), but the 0.8 times fertilizer treatment had the highest IWUE among the nutrient control treatments (1.91 kg/m3). Therefore, it is suggested that deficit irrigation at 60~80% of the potential evapotranspiration (PET) at the flowering stage and 16-5.6-2.4 (N-P2O5-K2O) fertilizer be applied as an optimal water and nutrient management strategy to maximize the seed cotton yield, IWUE, and overall growth and development of cotton.

scholarly journals Control Recommendations for Black Medic (Medicago lupulina) Based on Growth and Development in Competition with Strawberry

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Greg E. MacDonald ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Spray Timing ◽  
Time Frames

Strawberries are an important horticultural crop in Florida. Black medic is among the most problematic weeds within the production system. To better coordinate control measures, black medic growth and development while in competition with strawberry was studied. Twelve plants were randomly selected at each of four field sites in Hillsborough County, FL, in 2014. Plants were repeatedly measured over the growing season for stem length and number of primary branches, flower buds, flowers, and seed clusters. Growing degree days (GDD) were calculated (Tbase=0 C) starting from the hole-punch application of the plastic mulch (October 8, 2014, to October 10, 2014) from weather station data generated from the Florida Automated Weather Network. Strawberry height and width increased consistently across all sites, but black medic growth and development varied considerably. Strawberry suppressed black medic growth up to 1,805 cumulative GDD at three of four sites where black medic remained beneath the strawberry canopy. After 1,805 GDD, the black medic stems still remained below but experienced exponential growth for total stem length and, in turn, flower buds, inflorescence, and immature seed clusters. Ideal clopyralid spray timing based on susceptible plant size was 890 to 1,152 GDD. Optimal hand-weeding time frames would likely occur as the plant stems expand beyond the strawberry canopy (to improve visibility) and before flower production to prevent seed return to the seedbank. First seed production was observed at 1,200 GDD at the earliest site and between 1,966 to 2,365 GDD across all the other sites. Overall, consistent trends were observed across sites, but between-site variability was observed that could not be accounted for by differences in temperature.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN SAYUR PELENG (Spinacia oleracea) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PADA BERBAGAI MULSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Robert G. Marpaung ◽  
Boy Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study aims at determing the response of growth and production of peleng vegetables to the application of liquid organic fertilizer in various mulch. The study was conducted on land located in Simalingkar A Medan with a height of ± 32 m above sea level, began from May to August 2017. The research method used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of NASA liquid organic fertilizer (P) which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely: P0 = control, P1 = 3 ml / l water and P2 = 6 ml / l water. The second factor is the provision of mulch (M) which consists of three types, namely: M0: without mulching, M1: rice straw mulch and M2: black silver plastic mulch (MPHP). The results showed that the treatment of NASA liquid organic fertilizer up to 6 ml / l water significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but differed not markedly on the relative growth rate of plants. The treatment of organic mulch and black silver mulch significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of plants per sample, fresh weight of plants per plot, dry weight of plants per sample and dry weight of plants per plot, but not significantly different to the relative growth rate of plants. The interaction between NASA's liquid organic fertilizer treatment and mulch administration had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight per sample, plant fresh weight per plot, plant dry weight per sample, plant dry weight per plot and relative plant growth rate

EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION ON SUNFLOWERS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Sunflowers were defoliated artificially to various degrees at three stages of growth to simulate the effects of rust and other foliage diseases. Complete defoliation at the flowering stage was most injurious. It reduced seed yield by 88 to 93 per cent in all five years of the experiment. It also reduced plant height at maturity in one of two years in which heights were recorded, and it reduced weight of 200 seeds, and oil content and protein content of the seed. Removal of 50 per cent of each leaf at flowering reduced seed yield by 22 to 30 per cent, and reduced plant height, but did not cause other statistically significant reductions. Removal of all leaves on the upper half of the stem reduced yield and 200-seed weight significantly.Complete defoliation of seedlings reduced seed yields significantly in two years and reduced plant height in one year. Complete defoliation of maturing plants reduced seed yield significantly in one year. Partial defoliation (50 per cent and 25 per cent) of seedlings and maturing plants produced no significant effects.The results of artificial defoliation should be useful in evaluating damage caused by insects and by hail as well as the effects of foliage diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Mulching Techniques and Irrigation Levels on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Growth Parameters Under Drip Irrigation System During Dry Season of Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088
Author(s):  
Tasisa Temesgen Tolossa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The increasing scarcity and competition for irrigation water entails adoption of innovative practices that increase efficient water use. The objective of this research was to compare different mulching techniques and investigated the combined effect of irrigation levels under drip irrigation system based on the parametric evaluation system in western part of Ethiopia during the 2018 dry season. A factorial combination of five levels of water (namely 100%, 80% and 70%, 60% and 50%ETc) combined with three mulch treatments (namely, Normal Mulch (NM), Straw Mulch (SM) and Plastic Mulch (PM)) with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that, days to 50% maturity, leaf number per plant, mean leaf length, plant height and leaf area were significantly affected by the main effects of deficit irrigation levels and mulching materials. The interaction effects of deficit irrigation levels and mulching materials significantly influenced plant height, number of leaf per plant, plant height, Leaf length and Leaf area of the onion. The present study suggests that, in water scarce area, farmers are advised to adopt deficit irrigation level with 80% ETc under plastic mulch. It is important even to undertake similar studies at different seasons with different varieties in consideration of their cost benefit analysis. However, if water is not a limiting factor, farmers are advised to apply full irrigation water application under plastic mulch.

Response of fertility and agro-chemical on growth and yield of different varieties of Clusterbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Rekha Yogi ◽  
O. P. Sharma ◽  
H. P. Verma ◽  
Krishna P. Kanwar ◽  
A. C. Shivran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Biological Yield

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 to study response of clusterbean varieties to fertility levels and agro-chemicals at SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner. The experiment consisted of two varieties (RGC-1038 and RGC-1066), three treatments of fertility levels (control, 50% RDF and 100% RDF) and three treatments of agro-chemicals (control, thiourea 500 ppm twice at vegetative and pre flowering stage and thiourea 100 ppm twice at vegetative and pre flowering stage) thereby making eighteen treatment combinations tested in randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that RGC 1066 variety recorded significantly higher plant height 60 DAS and at harvest and dry matter per meter row length at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of pods/plant and seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield as compared to variety of RGC-1038. The result further indicated that application of fertilized 100% RDF significantly gave higher plant height at 60 DAS and at harvest similarly, dry matter per meter row length at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of pods/plant and seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield recorded higher over control and fertilized with 50% RDF. Likewise, application of agro-chemical @ thiourea (500 ppm) significantly increased the plant height at 60 DAS and at harvest and dry matter per meter row length at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of pods/plant and seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield and remained at par with the application of agro-chemical @ TGA (100 ppm) over control. However, plant height at 30 DAS remained materially unchanged under different varieties, fertility levels and agro-chemicals.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

Study onGenetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PUNIT KUMAR ◽  
VICHITRA KUMAR ARYA ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR ◽  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
JOGENDRA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.

Effect of Irrigation Methods and Mulching on Growth and Seed Yield of Semialata

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SK SRIVASTAVA ◽  
PAWAN JEET
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Black Plastic

A study was conducted to assess the effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on growth and seed yield of Semialata. Two types of plastic mulch (green and silver/black) were tested at three levels of irrigation (120%, 100% and 80%) by drip irrigation and one level (100%) by furrow irrigation. The daily water requirement of Semialata was estimated by the equation ETcrop= ETox crop factor. ETcrop is crop water requirement mm/day. ETo (reference evapotranspiration, mm/day) was calculated by FAO calculator which uses temperature and humidity data. In this experiments there were twelve treatments were considered. The treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid in randomized block design. It was observed that drip irrigation with or without plastic mulch is yielding better results in terms of growth parameters and seed yield as compared to furrow irrigation without plastic mulch. It was also observed that maximum suppression (67.58%) of weeds resulted with drip irrigation and silver/black plastic mulch at 80% level of irrigation.

Combining Ability of Plant Height and Yield components in Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.Czern & Coss.) under Salt affected Soil using Line×Tester Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH CHAND GAUTAM ◽  
MP Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Line × tester analysis of twenty lines and three testers of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cultivars were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, high parent heterosis and narrow-sense heritability estimate for plant height, yield components and seed yield. Significant variance of line x tester for the traits like pods per plant and seed yield indicating non additive genetic effects have important role for controlling these traits. Significant mean squares of parents v/s crosses which are indicating significant average heterosis were also significant for all the traits except seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod exhibited the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits except seeds per pod. Most of the crosses with negative SCA effect for plant height had at least one parent with significant negative or negative GCA effect for this trait. For most of the traits except pods per plant, the efficiency of high parent heterosis effect was more than SCA effect for determining superior cross combinations.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Zangani ◽  
Kamran Afsahi ◽  
Farid Shekari ◽  
Eileen Mac Sweeney ◽  
Andrea Mastinu
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the physiological traits, yield, and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), were studied in a farm research project of Zanjan University. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 75, and 150 kg/ha) were considered. The results showed that an increase in nitrogen level caused an increase in the leaf chlorophyll content so that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves until the mid-grain filling stage. Nitrogen application lowered leaf stomatal conductance in the early flowering stage whereas the stomatal conductance was increased during the late flowering stage. Nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) also increased the quantum yield of photosystem II. On the other hand, with the application of 150 kg/ha and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus, the leaf stomatal conductance and the quantum yield of photosystem II in the early flowering stage increased respectively. The results showed that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus significantly increased seed and oil yield compared to the control. In addition, the number of siliques per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds showed an increasing trend that was affected by nitrogen and phosphorus levels. This study demonstrated that nitrogen enhanced the chlorophyll content, leaf area, and consequently, the quantum yield of photosystem II. Nitrogen also augmented the seed filling duration, seed yield, and oil yield by increasing gas exchange. As a result, the application of 100 kg/ha of nitrogen together with 75 kg/ha phosphorus showed the greatest effect on the qualitative and quantitative yield of rapeseed. However, the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen alone or in combination with different levels of phosphorus did not significantly increase many of the studied traits.

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